source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ f18f2d6

ml-11.0 multilib
Last change on this file since f18f2d6 was f18f2d6, checked in by Thomas Trepl (Moody) <thomas@…>, 3 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <!--Fix CVE-2021-33910 -->
44 <para>First, apply a patch to fix a security vulnerability:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
47
48<!-- Seems to be not needed anymore with 248
49 <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
52-->
53
54 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
55 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
56 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
57 rules:</para>
58
59 <screen><userinput remap="pre"> sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
60 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
63
64<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
65cd build
66
67LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
68meson --prefix=/usr \
69 --sysconfdir=/etc \
70 --localstatedir=/var \
71 --buildtype=release \
72 -Dblkid=true \
73 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
74 -Dfirstboot=false \
75 -Dinstall-tests=false \
76 -Dldconfig=false \
77 -Dsysusers=false \
78 -Db_lto=false \
79 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
80 -Dhomed=false \
81 -Duserdb=false \
82 -Dman=false \
83 -Dmode=release \
84 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
85 ..</userinput></screen>
86
87 <variablelist>
88 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
94 (<quote>debug</quote>), which would produce unoptimized
95 binaries.</para>
96 </listitem>
97 </varlistentry>
98
99 <varlistentry>
100 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
101 <listitem>
102 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
103 </listitem>
104 </varlistentry>
105
106 <varlistentry>
107 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
108 <listitem>
109 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
110 services responsible for setting up the system for
111 the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
112 everything is done manually.</para>
113 </listitem>
114 </varlistentry>
115
116 <varlistentry>
117 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
118 <listitem>
119 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
120 </listitem>
121 </varlistentry>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
127 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
128 distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
129 if the described feature is desired.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 <varlistentry>
134 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
135 <listitem>
136 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
137 services responsible for setting up the
138 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
139 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
140 were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
141 </listitem>
142 </varlistentry>
143
144 <varlistentry>
145 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
146 <listitem>
147 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
148 for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
152 <varlistentry>
153 <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
156 the scope of LFS.</para>
157 </listitem>
158 </varlistentry>
159
160 <varlistentry>
161 <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
164 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
165 from a tarball later.</para>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry>
170 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
173 </para>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 </variablelist>
178
179 <para>Compile the package:</para>
180
181<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
182
183 <para>Install the package:</para>
184
185<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
186
187 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
188
189<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
190
191 <para>Remove a useless directory:</para>
192
193<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rf /usr/lib/pam.d</userinput></screen>
194
195 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
196 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
197
198<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
199
200 <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
201
202<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
203
204 <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
205 use a network configuration other than what is provided by
206 systemd-networkd:</para>
207 <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
208
209<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
210
211<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
212 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
213<!--
214 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
215 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
216
217<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
218-->
219
220 </sect2>
221
222 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
223 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
224 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
225
226 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
227 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
228
229 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
230
231<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
232
233 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
234
235<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
236<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
237
238<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
239 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
240 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
241
242<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
243 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
244done</userinput></screen>
245-->
246
247 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
248
249 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
250CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
251CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
252LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
253meson --prefix=/usr \
254 --sysconfdir=/etc \
255 --localstatedir=/var \
256 -Dblkid=true \
257 -Dbuildtype=release \
258 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
259 -Dfirstboot=false \
260 -Dinstall-tests=false \
261 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
262 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
263 -Dldconfig=false \
264 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
265 -Drootprefix= \
266 -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
267 -Dsplit-usr=true \
268 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
269 -Dsysusers=false \
270 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
271 -Db_lto=false \
272 ..</userinput></screen>
273
274 <para>Compile the package:</para>
275
276<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
277
278 <para>Install the package:</para>
279
280<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
281cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
282rm -rf DESTDIR
283rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
284
285 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
286
287 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
288 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
289 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
290
291 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
292 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
293
294 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
295
296<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
297
298 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
299
300<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
301
302 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
303
304<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
305sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
306
307 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
308
309<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
310CC="gcc -mx32" \
311CXX="g++ -mx32" \
312CFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
313CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
314LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
315meson --prefix=/usr \
316 --sysconfdir=/etc \
317 --localstatedir=/var \
318 -Dblkid=true \
319 -Dbuildtype=release \
320 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
321 -Dfirstboot=false \
322 -Dinstall-tests=false \
323 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
324 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
325 -Dldconfig=false \
326 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
327 -Drootprefix= \
328 -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
329 -Dsplit-usr=true \
330 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
331 -Dsysusers=false \
332 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
333 -Db_lto=false \
334 ..</userinput></screen>
335
336 <para>Compile the package:</para>
337
338<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
339
340 <para>Install the package:</para>
341
342<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
343cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
344rm -rf DESTDIR
345rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
346
347 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
348
349 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
350 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
351
352 <segmentedlist>
353 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
354 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
355 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
356
357 <seglistitem>
358 <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
359 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
360 machinectl, networkctl, oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
361 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
362 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
363 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
364 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
365 systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
366 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
367 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
368 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
369 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
370 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
371 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
372 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
373 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
374 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
375 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
376 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
377 and libudev.so</seg>
378 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
379 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
380 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
381 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
382 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
383 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
384 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
385 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
386 </seglistitem>
387 </segmentedlist>
388
389 <variablelist>
390 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
391 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
392 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
393
394 <varlistentry id="bootctl">
395 <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
399 <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="busctl">
405 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
408 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
409 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
410 </indexterm>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413
414 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
415 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
416 <listitem>
417 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
419 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="halt">
425 <term><command>halt</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
428 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
429 then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
430 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
431 brought down</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
433 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
439 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
442 settings</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
444 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="init">
450 <term><command>init</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
453 the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
454 processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
455 systemd</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
457 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
463 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
466 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
467 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
468 </indexterm>
469 </listitem>
470 </varlistentry>
471
472 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
473 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
474 <listitem>
475 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
476 from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
478 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="localectl">
484 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
487 settings</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
489 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
495 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
498 Manager</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
500 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
506 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
509 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
511 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
517 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
520 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
522 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
528 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
532 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
538 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
541 system</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
543 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
549 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
552 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
554 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="reboot">
560 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
563 <command>halt</command>)</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
565 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
571 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
574 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
576 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
582 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
585 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
586 DNS records, and services</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
588 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
594 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
597 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
599 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
605 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
608 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
610 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
616 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
619 and service manager</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
621 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
627 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
630 boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
632 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
638 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
641 using a question message specified on the command line</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
643 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
649 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
652 with the systemd journal
653 </para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
655 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
661 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
664 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
666 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
667 </indexterm>
668 </listitem>
669 </varlistentry>
670
671 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
672 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
673 <listitem>
674 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
675 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
677 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
683 <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
686 as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
688 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
694 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
697 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
698 counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
700 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
706 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
709 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
711 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
717 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
721 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
727 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
730 names</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
732 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
738 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
742 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
748 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
752 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
758 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
761 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
762 until the process is completed</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
764 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
770 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
773 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
774 randomly generated ID</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
776 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
782 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
786 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
792 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
795 changes</para>
796 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
797 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
798 </indexterm>
799 </listitem>
800 </varlistentry>
801
802 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
803 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
804 <listitem>
805 <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
806 container</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
808 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
814 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
818 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
824 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
827 systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
829 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
835 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
838 resource records, and services</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
840 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
846 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
849 unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
850 validating systemd units</para>
851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
852 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
853 </indexterm>
854 </listitem>
855 </varlistentry>
856
857 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
858 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
859 <listitem>
860 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
861 a successful connection to the socket</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
863 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
869 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
873 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
879 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
882 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
883 specified in
884 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
886 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
892 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
896 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
901 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
902 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
905 requests</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
907 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="telinit">
913 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
916 to</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
918 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
924 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
927 </para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
929 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
935 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
938 daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
939 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
940 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
941 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
942 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
943 </indexterm>
944 </listitem>
945 </varlistentry>
946
947 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
948 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
949 <listitem>
950 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
952 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="libudev">
958 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
962 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 </variablelist>
968
969 </sect2>
970
971</sect1>
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