source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ f695e02

multilib-10.1
Last change on this file since f695e02 was 5e06d04, checked in by Thomas Trepl <thomas@…>, 3 years ago

Merge changes from trunk to multilib

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43<!--
44 <para>First, apply a patch to fix the build with GCC-10 and fix a segfault:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-gcc_10-fixes-2.patch</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>First, apply a patch to fix some regressions:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>Create a symlink to work around the xsltproc command not being installed:</para>
54
55<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
56
57 <para>Set up the man pages:</para>
58
59<screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput></screen>
60
61 <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '181,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>Remove an unneeded group,
66 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
67 rules:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
74cd build
75
76LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
77meson --prefix=/usr \
78 --sysconfdir=/etc \
79 --localstatedir=/var \
80 -Dblkid=true \
81 -Dbuildtype=release \
82 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
83 -Dfirstboot=false \
84 -Dinstall-tests=false \
85 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
86 -Dldconfig=false \
87 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
88 -Drootprefix= \
89 -Drootlibdir=/lib \
90 -Dsplit-usr=true \
91 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
92 -Dsysusers=false \
93 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
94 -Db_lto=false \
95 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
96 -Dhomed=false \
97 -Duserdb=false \
98 -Dman=true \
99 -Dmode=release \
100 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
101 ..</userinput></screen>
102
103 <variablelist>
104 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
105
106 <varlistentry>
107 <term><parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter></term>
108 <listitem>
109 <para>These switches provide the location of binaries needed by
110 systemd at runtime that have not yet been installed.</para>
111 </listitem>
112 </varlistentry>
113
114 <varlistentry>
115 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 <varlistentry>
122 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
125 services responsible for setting up the system for
126 the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
127 everything is done manually.</para>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry>
132 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
135 </listitem>
136 </varlistentry>
137
138 <varlistentry>
139 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
140 <listitem>
141 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
142 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
143 distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
144 if the described feature is desired.</para>
145 </listitem>
146 </varlistentry>
147
148 <varlistentry>
149 <term><parameter>-Droot*</parameter></term>
150 <listitem>
151 <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
152 shared libraries are installed in subdirectories
153 of the root partition.</para>
154 </listitem>
155 </varlistentry>
156
157 <varlistentry>
158 <term><parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter></term>
159 <listitem>
160 <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
161 systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
162 symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
163 </listitem>
164 </varlistentry>
165
166 <varlistentry>
167 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
170 services responsible for setting up the
171 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
172 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
173 were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry>
178 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
181 for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry>
186 <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
189 the scope of LFS.</para>
190 </listitem>
191 </varlistentry>
192
193 <varlistentry>
194 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
195 <listitem>
196 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
197 </para>
198 </listitem>
199 </varlistentry>
200
201 </variablelist>
202
203 <para>Compile the package:</para>
204
205<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
206
207 <para>Install the package:</para>
208
209<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
210
211 <para>Remove an unnecessary symbolic link:</para>
212
213<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
214
215 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
216 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
217
218<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
219
220 <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
221
222<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
223
224 <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
225 use a network configuration other than what is provided by
226 systemd-networkd:</para>
227 <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
228
229<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
230
231 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
232 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
233
234<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
235
236 </sect2>
237
238 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
239 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
240 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
241
242 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
243 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
244
245 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
246
247<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
248
249 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
250
251<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
252<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
253
254<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
255 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
256 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
257
258<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
259 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
260done</userinput></screen>
261-->
262
263 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
264
265 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="&usr-lib-m32;/pkgconfig" \
266CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
267CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
268LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
269meson --prefix=/usr \
270 --sysconfdir=/etc \
271 --localstatedir=/var \
272 -Dblkid=true \
273 -Dbuildtype=release \
274 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
275 -Dfirstboot=false \
276 -Dinstall-tests=false \
277 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
278 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
279 -Dldconfig=false \
280 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
281 -Drootprefix= \
282 -Drootlibdir=&usr-lib-m32; \
283 -Dsplit-usr=true \
284 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
285 -Dsysusers=false \
286 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
287 -Db_lto=false \
288 ..</userinput></screen>
289
290 <para>Compile the package:</para>
291
292<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
293
294 <para>Install the package:</para>
295
296<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
297cp -Rv DESTDIR&usr-lib-m32;/* &usr-lib-m32;
298rm -rf DESTDIR
299rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
300
301 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
302
303 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
304 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
305 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
306
307 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
308 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
309
310 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
311
312<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
313
314 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
315
316<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
317
318 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
319
320<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
321sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
322
323 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
324
325<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="&usr-lib-mx32;/pkgconfig" \
326CC="gcc -mx32" \
327CXX="g++ -mx32" \
328CFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
329CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
330LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
331meson --prefix=/usr \
332 --sysconfdir=/etc \
333 --localstatedir=/var \
334 -Dblkid=true \
335 -Dbuildtype=release \
336 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
337 -Dfirstboot=false \
338 -Dinstall-tests=false \
339 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
340 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
341 -Dldconfig=false \
342 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
343 -Drootprefix= \
344 -Drootlibdir=&usr-lib-mx32; \
345 -Dsplit-usr=true \
346 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
347 -Dsysusers=false \
348 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
349 -Db_lto=false \
350 ..</userinput></screen>
351
352 <para>Compile the package:</para>
353
354<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
355
356 <para>Install the package:</para>
357
358<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
359cp -Rv DESTDIR&usr-lib-m32;/* &usr-lib-m32;
360rm -rf DESTDIR
361rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
362
363 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
364
365 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
366 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
367
368 <segmentedlist>
369 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
370 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
371 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
372
373 <seglistitem>
374 <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
375 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
376 machinectl, networkctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
377 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
378 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
379 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
380 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
381 systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-dissect, systemd-escape,
382 systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
383 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
384 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
385 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles,
386 systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, systemd-umount (symlink to
387 systemd-mount), telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and
388 udevadm</seg>
389 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
390 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
391 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /lib/systemd),
392 and libudev.so</seg>
393 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
394 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
395 /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
396 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
397 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
398 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
399 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
400 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
401 </seglistitem>
402 </segmentedlist>
403
404 <variablelist>
405 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
406 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
407 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
408
409 <varlistentry id="bootctl">
410 <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
413 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
414 <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
415 </indexterm>
416 </listitem>
417 </varlistentry>
418
419 <varlistentry id="busctl">
420 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
424 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
430 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
434 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="halt">
440 <term><command>halt</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
443 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
444 then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
445 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
446 brought down</para>
447 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
448 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
449 </indexterm>
450 </listitem>
451 </varlistentry>
452
453 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
454 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
455 <listitem>
456 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
457 settings</para>
458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
459 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
460 </indexterm>
461 </listitem>
462 </varlistentry>
463
464 <varlistentry id="init">
465 <term><command>init</command></term>
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
468 the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
469 processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
470 systemd.</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
472 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
478 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
482 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
488 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
491 from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually.</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
493 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="localectl">
499 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
502 settings</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
504 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
510 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
513 Manager</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
515 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
521 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
524 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
526 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
532 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
535 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
537 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
543 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
546 system</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
548 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
554 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
557 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
558 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
559 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
560 </indexterm>
561 </listitem>
562 </varlistentry>
563
564 <varlistentry id="reboot">
565 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
566 <listitem>
567 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
568 <command>halt</command>)</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
570 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
576 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
579 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
581 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
587 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
590 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
591 DNS records, and services.</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
593 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
599 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
602 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
604 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
610 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
613 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
615 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
621 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
624 and service manager</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
626 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
632 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
635 boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
637 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
643 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
646 using a question message specified on the command line</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
648 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
654 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
657 with the systemd journal.
658 </para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
660 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
666 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
669 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
671 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
677 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
680 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
682 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
688 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
691 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
692 counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
694 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
700 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
703 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly.</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
705 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
711 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images.</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
715 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
721 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
724 names</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
726 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
732 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
736 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
742 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
746 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
752 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
755 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
756 until the process is completed.</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
758 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
764 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
767 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
768 randomly generated ID</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
770 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
776 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks.</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
780 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
786 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
789 changes</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
791 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
797 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
800 container</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
802 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
808 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
812 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
818 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
821 systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container).</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
823 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
829 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
832 resource records, and services</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
834 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
840 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
843 unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
844 validating systemd units.</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
846 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
852 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
855 a successful connection to the socket.</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
857 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
863 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
866 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
867 specified in
868 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
870 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
876 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
880 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
886 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
889 requests</para>
890 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
891 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
892 </indexterm>
893 </listitem>
894 </varlistentry>
895
896 <varlistentry id="telinit">
897 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
898 <listitem>
899 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
900 to</para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
902 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
907 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
908 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
911 </para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
913 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
919 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
922 daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
923 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
924 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
926 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
932 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
936 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="libudev">
942 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
946 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 </variablelist>
952
953 </sect2>
954
955</sect1>
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