| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-udev" role="wrap" revision="sysv">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="udev.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>udev</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <title>Udev from Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Udev">Udev</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Udev package contains programs for dynamic creation of device
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| 27 | nodes.</para>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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| 34 | <seg>&udev-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&udev-fin-du;</seg>
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| 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 41 | <title>Installation of Udev</title>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <para>Udev is part of the systemd-&systemd-version; package. Use
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| 44 | the systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz file as the source tarball.</para>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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| 47 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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| 48 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 49 | rules:</para>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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| 52 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <para>Remove one udev rule requiring a full Systemd installation:</para>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/systemd-sysctl/s/^/#/' -i rules.d/99-systemd.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <para>Next, fix compatibility with API headers from linux-6.9 and later:</para>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/DEVMEM_MAGIC 0/{n;n;a \
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| 61 | /* cb12fd8e0dabb9a1c8aef55a6a41e2c255fcdf4b (6.8) */ \
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| 62 | #ifndef PID_FS_MAGIC \
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| 63 | #define PID_FS_MAGIC 0x50494446 \
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| 64 | #endif
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| 65 | }' src/basic/missing_magic.h
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| 66 |
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| 67 | sed -i '/OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC/a \
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| 68 | pidfs, {PID_FS_MAGIC}' src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf</userinput></screen>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <para>Adjust the hardcoded paths to network configuration files for the
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| 71 | standalone udev installation:</para>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/NETWORK_DIRS/s/systemd/udev/' -i src/basic/path-lookup.h</userinput></screen>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <para>Prepare Udev for compilation:</para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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| 78 | cd build
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| 79 |
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| 80 | meson setup \
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| 81 | --prefix=/usr \
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| 82 | --buildtype=release \
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| 83 | -Dmode=release \
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| 84 | -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
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| 85 | -Dlink-udev-shared=false \
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| 86 | -Dlogind=false \
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| 87 | -Dvconsole=false \
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| 88 | ..</userinput></screen>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <variablelist>
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| 91 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <varlistentry>
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| 94 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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| 95 | <listitem>
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| 96 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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| 97 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
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| 98 | binaries.</para>
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| 99 | </listitem>
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| 100 | </varlistentry>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <varlistentry>
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| 103 | <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
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| 104 | <listitem>
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| 105 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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| 106 | </para>
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| 107 | </listitem>
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| 108 | </varlistentry>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <varlistentry>
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| 111 | <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
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| 112 | <listitem>
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| 113 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
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| 114 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
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| 115 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
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| 116 | </listitem>
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| 117 | </varlistentry>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <varlistentry>
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| 120 | <term><parameter>-Dlink-udev-shared=false</parameter></term>
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| 121 | <listitem>
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| 122 | <para>This option prevents udev from linking to the internal
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| 123 | systemd shared library,
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| 124 | <systemitem class='library'>libsystemd-shared</systemitem>.
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| 125 | This library is designed to be shared by many Systemd components
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| 126 | and it's too overkill for a udev-only installation.</para>
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| 127 | </listitem>
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| 128 | </varlistentry>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <varlistentry>
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| 131 | <term><parameter>-Dlogind=false -Dvconsole=false</parameter></term>
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| 132 | <listitem>
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| 133 | <para>These options prevent the generation of several udev rule
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| 134 | files belonging to the other Systemd components that we won't
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| 135 | install.</para>
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| 136 | </listitem>
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| 137 | </varlistentry>
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| 138 | </variablelist>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <para>Get the list of the shipped udev helpers and save it into an
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| 141 | environment variable (exporting it is not strictly necessary, but it makes
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| 142 | building as a regular user or using a package manager easier):</para>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <screen><userinput remap="make">export udev_helpers=$(grep "'name' :" ../src/udev/meson.build | \
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| 145 | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d ",'" | grep -v 'udevadm')</userinput></screen>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <para>Only build the components needed for udev:</para>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja udevadm systemd-hwdb \
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| 150 | $(ninja -n | grep -Eo '(src/(lib)?udev|rules.d|hwdb.d)/[^ ]*') \
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| 151 | $(realpath libudev.so --relative-to .) \
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| 152 | $udev_helpers</userinput></screen>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <screen><userinput remap="install">install -vm755 -d {/usr/lib,/etc}/udev/{hwdb.d,rules.d,network}
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| 157 | install -vm755 -d /usr/{lib,share}/pkgconfig
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| 158 | install -vm755 udevadm /usr/bin/
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| 159 | install -vm755 systemd-hwdb /usr/bin/udev-hwdb
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| 160 | ln -svfn ../bin/udevadm /usr/sbin/udevd
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| 161 | cp -av libudev.so{,*[0-9]} /usr/lib/
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| 162 | install -vm644 ../src/libudev/libudev.h /usr/include/
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| 163 | install -vm644 src/libudev/*.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/
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| 164 | install -vm644 src/udev/*.pc /usr/share/pkgconfig/
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| 165 | install -vm644 ../src/udev/udev.conf /etc/udev/
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| 166 | install -vm644 rules.d/* ../rules.d/README /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/
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| 167 | install -vm644 $(find ../rules.d/*.rules \
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| 168 | -not -name '*power-switch*') /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/
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| 169 | install -vm644 hwdb.d/* ../hwdb.d/{*.hwdb,README} /usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d/
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| 170 | install -vm755 $udev_helpers /usr/lib/udev
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| 171 | install -vm644 ../network/99-default.link /usr/lib/udev/network</userinput></screen>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <para>Install some custom rules and support files useful in an LFS
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| 174 | environment:</para>
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xvf ../../&udev-lfs-version;.tar.xz
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| 177 | make -f &udev-lfs-version;/Makefile.lfs install</userinput></screen>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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| 180 |
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| 181 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
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| 182 | component in the path. -->
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| 183 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz \
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| 184 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
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| 185 | -C /usr/share/man --wildcards '*/udev*' '*/libudev*' \
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| 186 | '*/systemd.link.5' \
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| 187 | '*/systemd-'{hwdb,udevd.service}.8
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| 188 |
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| 189 | sed 's|systemd/network|udev/network|' \
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| 190 | /usr/share/man/man5/systemd.link.5 \
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| 191 | > /usr/share/man/man5/udev.link.5
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| 192 |
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| 193 | sed 's/systemd\(\\\?-\)/udev\1/' /usr/share/man/man8/systemd-hwdb.8 \
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| 194 | > /usr/share/man/man8/udev-hwdb.8
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| 195 |
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| 196 | sed 's|lib.*udevd|sbin/udevd|' \
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| 197 | /usr/share/man/man8/systemd-udevd.service.8 \
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| 198 | > /usr/share/man/man8/udevd.8
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| 199 |
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| 200 | rm /usr/share/man/man*/systemd*</userinput></screen>
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| 201 |
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| 202 | <para>Finally, unset the <envar>udev_helpers</envar> variable:</para>
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| 203 |
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| 204 | <!-- remap="make" seems confusing but we don't have sth. like
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| 205 | remap="clean". -->
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| 206 | <screen><userinput remap="install">unset udev_helpers</userinput></screen>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | </sect2>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <sect2 id="conf-udev" role="configuration">
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| 211 | <title>Configuring Udev</title>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <indexterm zone="conf-udev">
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| 214 | <primary sortas="a-Udev">Udev</primary>
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| 215 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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| 216 | </indexterm>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <indexterm zone="conf-udev">
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| 219 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/udev/hwdb.bin">/etc/udev/hwdb.bin</primary>
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| 220 | </indexterm>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <para>Information about hardware devices is maintained in the
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| 223 | <filename class="directory">/etc/udev/hwdb.d</filename> and
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| 224 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d</filename> directories.
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| 225 | <application>Udev</application> needs that information to be compiled
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| 226 | into a binary database <filename>/etc/udev/hwdb.bin</filename>. Create the
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| 227 | initial database:</para>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <screen><userinput>udev-hwdb update</userinput></screen>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <para>This command needs to be run each time the hardware information is
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| 232 | updated.</para>
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| 233 |
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| 234 | </sect2>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | <sect2 id="contents-udev" role="content">
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| 237 | <title>Contents of Udev</title>
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <segmentedlist>
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| 240 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 241 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 242 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | <seglistitem>
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| 245 | <seg>udevadm, udevd (symlink to udevadm), and udev-hwdb</seg>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <seg>libudev.so</seg>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <seg>/etc/udev and /usr/lib/udev</seg>
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| 250 | </seglistitem>
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| 251 | </segmentedlist>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <variablelist>
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| 254 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 255 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 256 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 257 | <varlistentry id="udevadm" revision="sysv">
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| 258 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
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| 259 | <listitem>
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| 260 | <para>Generic udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,
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| 261 | provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for
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| 262 | uevents to finish, tests Udev configuration, and triggers uevents
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| 263 | for a given device</para>
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| 264 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev udevadm">
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| 265 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
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| 266 | </indexterm>
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| 267 | </listitem>
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| 268 | </varlistentry>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <varlistentry id="udevd">
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| 271 | <term><command>udevd</command></term>
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| 272 | <listitem>
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| 273 | <para>A daemon that listens for uevents on the netlink socket,
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| 274 | creates devices and runs the configured external programs in
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| 275 | response to these uevents</para>
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev udevd">
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| 277 | <primary sortas="b-udevd">udevd</primary>
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| 278 | </indexterm>
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| 279 | </listitem>
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| 280 | </varlistentry>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <varlistentry id="udev-hwdb">
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| 283 | <term><command>udev-hwdb</command></term>
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| 284 | <listitem>
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| 285 | <para>Updates or queries the hardware database.</para>
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| 286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev udev-hwdb">
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| 287 | <primary sortas="b-udev-hwdb">udev-hwdb</primary>
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| 288 | </indexterm>
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| 289 | </listitem>
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| 290 | </varlistentry>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
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| 293 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
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| 294 | <listitem>
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| 295 | <para>A library interface to udev device information</para>
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev libudev">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 | </listitem>
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| 300 | </varlistentry>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="etc-udev">
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| 303 | <term><filename class="directory">/etc/udev</filename></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Contains Udev configuration files,
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| 306 | device permissions, and rules for device naming</para>
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| 307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-udev etc-udev">
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| 308 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/udev">/etc/udev</primary>
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| 309 | </indexterm>
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| 310 | </listitem>
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| 311 | </varlistentry>
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| 312 |
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| 313 | </variablelist>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | </sect2>
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| 316 |
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| 317 | </sect1>
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