source: chapter08/util-linux.xml@ 479d3bc

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>util-linux</productname>
13 <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
20 <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
27 Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions,
28 and messages.</para>
29
30 <segmentedlist>
31 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
32 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
33
34 <seglistitem>
35 <seg>&util-linux-fin-sbu;</seg>
36 <seg>&util-linux-fin-du;</seg>
37 </seglistitem>
38 </segmentedlist>
39
40 </sect2>
41
42 <sect2 role="installation">
43 <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
44
45<!--
46 <para>First, disable a problematic test:</para>
47
48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test_mkfds/s/^/#/' tests/helpers/Makemodule.am</userinput></screen>
49-->
50 <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
51
52 <screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
53 --libdir=/usr/lib \
54 --runstatedir=/run \
55 --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
56 --disable-chfn-chsh \
57 --disable-login \
58 --disable-nologin \
59 --disable-su \
60 --disable-setpriv \
61 --disable-runuser \
62 --disable-pylibmount \
63 --disable-liblastlog2 \
64 --disable-static \
65 --without-python \
66 --without-systemd \
67 --without-systemdsystemunitdir \
68 ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
69 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>
70
71 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
72 --libdir=/usr/lib \
73 --runstatedir=/run \
74 --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
75 --disable-chfn-chsh \
76 --disable-login \
77 --disable-nologin \
78 --disable-su \
79 --disable-setpriv \
80 --disable-runuser \
81 --disable-pylibmount \
82 --disable-liblastlog2 \
83 --disable-static \
84 --without-python \
85 ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
86 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para>The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about
89 building components that either require packages not in LFS, or are
90 inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.</para>
91
92 <para>Compile the package:</para>
93
94<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
95
96 <!-- To editors:
97 Two tests need a /etc/fstab file. They are skipped if the host
98 distro isn't using systemd as the init system, so don't remove
99 the creation of /etc/fstab unless you've tested it with such a
100 host distro (for example LFS systemd or Debian). -->
101 <para>If desired, create a dummy <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file
102 to satisfy two tests and run the test suite as a non-&root;
103 user:</para>
104
105 <warning><para>Running the test suite as the
106 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user can be harmful to
107 your system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
108 be available in the currently running system and must be built as a
109 module. Building it into the kernel will prevent booting. For complete
110 coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed. If desired, this test can
111 be run by booting into the completed LFS system and running:</para>
112
113<screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
114 </warning>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="test">touch /etc/fstab
117chown -R tester .
118su tester -c "make -k check"</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>
121 The <emphasis>hardlink</emphasis> tests will fail if the host's kernel
122 does not have the option <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH</option>
123 enabled or does not have any options providing a SHA256 implementation
124 (for example, <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256</option>)
125 enabled. In addition, the lsfd: inotify test will
126 fail if the kernel option <option>CONFIG_NETLINK_DIAG</option> is not
127 enabled.
128 </para>
129
130 <para>Install the package:</para>
131
132<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
133<!--
134 <para>Finally, install the man pages:</para>
135
136<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../util-linux-man-pages-&util-linux-version;.tar.xz - -directory /usr/share/man - -strip-components=1</userinput></screen>
137-->
138 </sect2>
139
140 <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
141 <title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
142
143 <segmentedlist>
144 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
145 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
146 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
147
148 <seglistitem>
149 <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
150 chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
151 eject, fallocate, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
152 fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hardlink, hexdump, hwclock,
153 ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, irqtop, isosize, kill, last,
154 lastb (link to last), ldattach, linux32 (link to setarch), linux64 (link to setarch),
155 logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lsirq, lsfd, lslocks, lslogins,
156 lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
157 more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit,
158 readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script,
159 scriptlive, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
160 swapoff, swapon, switch_root, taskset, uclampset, ul,
161 umount, uname26 (link to setarch), unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse,
162 wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, and zramctl</seg>
163 <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
164 libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</seg>
165 <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
166 /usr/include/libfdisk,
167 /usr/include/libmount,
168 /usr/include/libsmartcols,
169 /usr/include/uuid,
170 /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
171 and /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
172 </seglistitem>
173 </segmentedlist>
174
175 <variablelist>
176 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
177 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
178 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
179
180 <varlistentry id="addpart">
181 <term><command>addpart</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
185 <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="agetty">
191 <term><command>agetty</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
194 and then invokes the <command>login</command> program</para>
195 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
196 <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
197 </indexterm>
198 </listitem>
199 </varlistentry>
200
201 <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
202 <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Discards sectors on a device</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
206 <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="blkid">
212 <term><command>blkid</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>A command line utility to locate and print block device
215 attributes</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
217 <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="blkzone">
223 <term><command>blkzone</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Is used to manage zoned storage block devices</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkzone">
227 <primary sortas="b-blkzone">blkzone</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="blockdev">
233 <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
236 line</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
238 <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="cal">
244 <term><command>cal</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Displays a simple calendar</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
248 <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
254 <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
258 <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
259 </indexterm>
260 </listitem>
261 </varlistentry>
262
263 <varlistentry id="chcpu">
264 <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
265 <listitem>
266 <para>Modifies the state of CPUs</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
268 <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="chmem">
274 <term><command>chmem</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Configures memory</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chmem">
278 <primary sortas="b-chmem">chmem</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="choom">
284 <term><command>choom</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Displays and adjusts OOM-killer scores, used to determine
287 which process to kill first when Linux is Out Of Memory</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux choom">
289 <primary sortas="b-choom">choom</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="chrt">
295 <term><command>chrt</command></term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Manipulates real-time attributes of a process</para>
298 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
299 <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
300 </indexterm>
301 </listitem>
302 </varlistentry>
303
304 <varlistentry id="col">
305 <term><command>col</command></term>
306 <listitem>
307 <para>Filters out reverse line feeds</para>
308 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
309 <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
310 </indexterm>
311 </listitem>
312 </varlistentry>
313
314 <varlistentry id="colcrt">
315 <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>Filters <command>nroff</command> output for terminals
318 that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines</para>
319 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
320 <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322 </listitem>
323 </varlistentry>
324
325 <varlistentry id="colrm">
326 <term><command>colrm</command></term>
327 <listitem>
328 <para>Filters out the given columns</para>
329 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
330 <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
331 </indexterm>
332 </listitem>
333 </varlistentry>
334
335 <varlistentry id="column">
336 <term><command>column</command></term>
337 <listitem>
338 <para>Formats a given file into multiple columns</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
340 <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
346 <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a
349 hard or a soft reset</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
351 <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="delpart">
357 <term><command>delpart</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
361 <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="dmesg">
367 <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Dumps the kernel boot messages</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
371 <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="eject">
377 <term><command>eject</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Ejects removable media</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
381 <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="fallocate">
387 <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Preallocates space to a file</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
391 <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="fdisk">
397 <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
401 <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="fincore">
407 <term><command>fincore</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Counts pages of file contents in core</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fincore">
411 <primary sortas="b-fincore">fincore</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="findfs">
417 <term><command>findfs</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Finds a file system, either by label or Universally Unique Identifier
420 (UUID)</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
422 <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="findmnt">
428 <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
431 for working with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
433 <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="flock">
439 <term><command>flock</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock
442 held</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
444 <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="fsck">
450 <term><command>fsck</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
454 <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
460 <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the
463 given device</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
465 <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
471 <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the
474 given device</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
476 <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
482 <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
485 kernel driver operations</para>
486 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
487 <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
488 </indexterm>
489 </listitem>
490 </varlistentry>
491
492 <varlistentry id="fstrim">
493 <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
494 <listitem>
495 <para>Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
497 <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="getopt">
503 <term><command>getopt</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Parses options in the given command line</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
507 <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="hardlink">
513 <term><command>hardlink</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Consolidates duplicate files by creating hard links</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hardlink">
517 <primary sortas="b-hardlink">hardlink</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="hexdump">
523 <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Dumps the given file in hexadecimal, decimal, octal,
526 or ascii</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
528 <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="hwclock">
534 <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
537 the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
538 clock</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
540 <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="ionice">
546 <term><command>ionice</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
550 <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
556 <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Creates various IPC resources</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
560 <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
566 <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
570 <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="ipcs">
576 <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Provides IPC status information</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
580 <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="irqtop">
586 <term><command>irqtop</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information in
589 <ulink role='man' url='&man;top.1'>top(1)</ulink> style
590 view</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux irqtop">
592 <primary sortas="b-irqtop">irqtop</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="isosize">
598 <term><command>isosize</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Reports the size of an iso9660 file system</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
602 <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="kill">
608 <term><command>kill</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Sends signals to processes</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
612 <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="last">
618 <term><command>last</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
621 through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
622 system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
624 <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
625 </indexterm>
626 </listitem>
627 </varlistentry>
628
629 <varlistentry id="lastb">
630 <term><command>lastb</command></term>
631 <listitem>
632 <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
633 <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
635 <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="ldattach">
641 <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>Attaches a line discipline to a serial line</para>
644 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
645 <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
646 </indexterm>
647 </listitem>
648 </varlistentry>
649
650 <varlistentry id="linux32">
651 <term><command>linux32</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
655 <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="linux64">
661 <term><command>linux64</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
665 <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="logger">
671 <term><command>logger</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Enters the given message into the system log</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
675 <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="look">
681 <term><command>look</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Displays lines that begin with the given string</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
685 <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="losetup">
691 <term><command>losetup</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Sets up and controls loop devices</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
695 <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="lsblk">
701 <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Lists information about all or selected block devices in
704 a tree-like format</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
706 <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="lscpu">
712 <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Prints CPU architecture information</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
716 <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="lsfd">
722 <term><command>lsfd</command></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>Displays information about open files; replaces <command>lsof</command></para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsfd">
726 <primary sortas="b-lsfd">lsfd</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="lsipc">
732 <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
735 in the system</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
737 <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="lsirq">
743 <term><command>lsirq</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsirq">
747 <primary sortas="b-lsirq">lsirq</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="lslocks">
753 <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Lists local system locks</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
757 <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="lslogins">
763 <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Lists information about users, groups and system accounts</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
767 <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="lsmem">
773 <term><command>lsmem</command></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Lists the ranges of available memory with their online
776 status</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsmem">
778 <primary sortas="b-lsmem">lsmem</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="lsns">
784 <term><command>lsns</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Lists namespaces</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsns">
788 <primary sortas="b-lsns">lsns</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="mcookie">
794 <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for
797 <command>xauth</command></para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
799 <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="mesg">
805 <term><command>mesg</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
808 user's terminal</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
810 <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="mkfs">
816 <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
819 partition)</para>
820 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
821 <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
822 </indexterm>
823 </listitem>
824 </varlistentry>
825
826 <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
827 <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
828 <listitem>
829 <para>Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system</para>
830 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
831 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
832 </indexterm>
833 </listitem>
834 </varlistentry>
835
836 <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
837 <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
838 <listitem>
839 <para>Creates a cramfs file system</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
841 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
847 <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>Creates a Minix file system</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
851 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="mkswap">
857 <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
860 area</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
862 <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="more">
868 <term><command>more</command></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>A filter for paging through text one screen at a time</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
872 <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="mount">
878 <term><command>mount</command></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified
881 directory in the file-system tree</para>
882 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
883 <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
884 </indexterm>
885 </listitem>
886 </varlistentry>
887
888 <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
889 <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
890 <listitem>
891 <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para>
892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
893 <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
894 </indexterm>
895 </listitem>
896 </varlistentry>
897
898 <varlistentry id="namei">
899 <term><command>namei</command></term>
900 <listitem>
901 <para>Shows the symbolic links in the given paths</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
903 <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="nsenter">
909 <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Runs a program with namespaces of other processes</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
913 <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="partx">
919 <term><command>partx</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
922 partitions</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
924 <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
930 <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Makes the given file system the new root file system of the
933 current process</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
935 <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="prlimit">
941 <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Gets and sets a process's resource limits</para>
944 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
945 <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
946 </indexterm>
947 </listitem>
948 </varlistentry>
949
950 <varlistentry id="readprofile">
951 <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
952 <listitem>
953 <para>Reads kernel profiling information</para>
954 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
955 <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
956 </indexterm>
957 </listitem>
958 </varlistentry>
959
960 <varlistentry id="rename">
961 <term><command>rename</command></term>
962 <listitem>
963 <para>Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
964 another</para>
965 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
966 <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
967 </indexterm>
968 </listitem>
969 </varlistentry>
970
971 <varlistentry id="renice">
972 <term><command>renice</command></term>
973 <listitem>
974 <para>Alters the priority of running processes</para>
975 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
976 <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
977 </indexterm>
978 </listitem>
979 </varlistentry>
980
981 <varlistentry id="resizepart">
982 <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
983 <listitem>
984 <para>Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition</para>
985 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
986 <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
987 </indexterm>
988 </listitem>
989 </varlistentry>
990
991 <varlistentry id="rev">
992 <term><command>rev</command></term>
993 <listitem>
994 <para>Reverses the lines of a given file</para>
995 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
996 <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
997 </indexterm>
998 </listitem>
999 </varlistentry>
1000
1001 <varlistentry id="rfkill">
1002 <term><command>rfkill</command></term>
1003 <listitem>
1004 <para>Tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rfkill">
1006 <primary sortas="b-rfkill">rfkill</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
1012 <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Used to enter a system sleep state until the specified wakeup
1015 time</para>
1016 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
1017 <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
1018 </indexterm>
1019 </listitem>
1020 </varlistentry>
1021
1022 <varlistentry id="script">
1023 <term><command>script</command></term>
1024 <listitem>
1025 <para>Makes a typescript of a terminal session</para>
1026 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
1027 <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
1028 </indexterm>
1029 </listitem>
1030 </varlistentry>
1031
1032 <varlistentry id="scriptlive">
1033 <term><command>scriptlive</command></term>
1034 <listitem>
1035 <para>Re-runs session typescripts using timing information</para>
1036 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptlive">
1037 <primary sortas="b-scriptlive">scriptlive</primary>
1038 </indexterm>
1039 </listitem>
1040 </varlistentry>
1041
1042 <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
1043 <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
1044 <listitem>
1045 <para>Plays back typescripts using timing information</para>
1046 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
1047 <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
1048 </indexterm>
1049 </listitem>
1050 </varlistentry>
1051
1052 <varlistentry id="setarch">
1053 <term><command>setarch</command></term>
1054 <listitem>
1055 <para>Changes reported architecture in a new program environment, and
1056 sets personality flags</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
1058 <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
1063 <varlistentry id="setsid">
1064 <term><command>setsid</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Runs the given program in a new session</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
1068 <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
1073 <varlistentry id="setterm">
1074 <term><command>setterm</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
1076 <para>Sets terminal attributes</para>
1077 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
1078 <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
1079 </indexterm>
1080 </listitem>
1081 </varlistentry>
1082
1083 <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
1084 <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
1085 <listitem>
1086 <para>A disk partition table manipulator</para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
1088 <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="sulogin">
1094 <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in;
1097 it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes
1098 into single user mode</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
1100 <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
1106 <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Makes changes to the swap area's UUID and label</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
1110 <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="swapoff">
1116 <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Disables devices and files for paging and swapping</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
1120 <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="swapon">
1126 <term><command>swapon</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Enables devices and files for paging and swapping, and
1129 lists the devices and files currently in use</para>
1130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
1131 <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
1132 </indexterm>
1133 </listitem>
1134 </varlistentry>
1135
1136 <varlistentry id="switch_root">
1137 <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
1138 <listitem>
1139 <para>Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree</para>
1140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
1141 <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
1142 </indexterm>
1143 </listitem>
1144 </varlistentry>
1145
1146 <varlistentry id="taskset">
1147 <term><command>taskset</command></term>
1148 <listitem>
1149 <para>Retrieves or sets a process's CPU affinity</para>
1150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
1151 <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
1152 </indexterm>
1153 </listitem>
1154 </varlistentry>
1155
1156 <varlistentry id="uclampset">
1157 <term><command>uclampset</command></term>
1158 <listitem>
1159 <para>Manipulates the utilization clamping attributes of the
1160 system or a process</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uclampset">
1162 <primary sortas="b-uclampset">uclampset</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="ul">
1168 <term><command>ul</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences
1171 indicating underlining for the terminal in use</para>
1172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
1173 <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
1174 </indexterm>
1175 </listitem>
1176 </varlistentry>
1177
1178 <varlistentry id="umount">
1179 <term><command>umount</command></term>
1180 <listitem>
1181 <para>Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
1183 <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="uname26">
1189 <term><command>uname26</command></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
1193 <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="unshare">
1199 <term><command>unshare</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
1203 <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
1209 <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a
1212 user-friendly format</para>
1213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
1214 <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
1215 </indexterm>
1216 </listitem>
1217 </varlistentry>
1218
1219 <varlistentry id="uuidd">
1220 <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
1221 <listitem>
1222 <para>A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
1223 UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion</para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
1225 <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
1230 <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
1231 <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
1232 <listitem>
1233 <para>Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID is a random number likely to be
1234 unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
1235 systems, in the past and in the future, with extremely high
1236 probability (2<superscript>128</superscript> UUIDs are
1237 possible)</para>
1238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
1239 <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
1240 </indexterm>
1241 </listitem>
1242 </varlistentry>
1243
1244 <varlistentry id="uuidparse">
1245 <term><command>uuidparse</command></term>
1246 <listitem>
1247 <para>A utility to parse unique identifiers</para>
1248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidparse">
1249 <primary sortas="b-uuidparse">uuidparse</primary>
1250 </indexterm>
1251 </listitem>
1252 </varlistentry>
1253
1254 <varlistentry id="wall">
1255 <term><command>wall</command></term>
1256 <listitem>
1257 <para>Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard
1258 input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users</para>
1259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
1260 <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
1261 </indexterm>
1262 </listitem>
1263 </varlistentry>
1264
1265 <varlistentry id="wdctl">
1266 <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
1267 <listitem>
1268 <para>Shows hardware watchdog status</para>
1269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
1270 <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
1271 </indexterm>
1272 </listitem>
1273 </varlistentry>
1274
1275 <varlistentry id="whereis">
1276 <term><command>whereis</command></term>
1277 <listitem>
1278 <para>Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
1279 files for the given command</para>
1280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
1281 <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
1282 </indexterm>
1283 </listitem>
1284 </varlistentry>
1285
1286 <varlistentry id="wipefs">
1287 <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
1288 <listitem>
1289 <para>Wipes a filesystem signature from a device</para>
1290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
1291 <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
1292 </indexterm>
1293 </listitem>
1294 </varlistentry>
1295
1296 <varlistentry id="zramctl">
1297 <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
1298 <listitem>
1299 <para>A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk)
1300 devices</para>
1301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
1302 <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
1303 </indexterm>
1304 </listitem>
1305 </varlistentry>
1306
1307 <varlistentry id="libblkid">
1308 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
1309 <listitem>
1310 <para>Contains routines for device identification and token
1311 extraction</para>
1312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
1313 <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
1314 </indexterm>
1315 </listitem>
1316 </varlistentry>
1317
1318 <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
1319 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
1320 <listitem>
1321 <para>Contains routines for manipulating partition tables</para>
1322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
1323 <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
1324 </indexterm>
1325 </listitem>
1326 </varlistentry>
1327
1328 <varlistentry id="libmount">
1329 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
1330 <listitem>
1331 <para>Contains routines for block device mounting and
1332 unmounting</para>
1333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
1334 <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
1335 </indexterm>
1336 </listitem>
1337 </varlistentry>
1338
1339 <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
1340 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
1341 <listitem>
1342 <para>Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form</para>
1343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
1344 <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
1345 </indexterm>
1346 </listitem>
1347 </varlistentry>
1348
1349 <varlistentry id="libuuid">
1350 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
1351 <listitem>
1352 <para>Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects
1353 that may be accessible beyond the local system</para>
1354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
1355 <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
1356 </indexterm>
1357 </listitem>
1358 </varlistentry>
1359
1360 </variablelist>
1361
1362 </sect2>
1363
1364</sect1>
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