source: chapter08/util-linux.xml@ 8b8b87b

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Last change on this file since 8b8b87b was 20902dd, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 8 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>util-linux</productname>
13 <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
20 <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
27 Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions,
28 and messages.</para>
29
30 <segmentedlist>
31 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
32 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
33
34 <seglistitem>
35 <seg>&util-linux-fin-sbu;</seg>
36 <seg>&util-linux-fin-du;</seg>
37 </seglistitem>
38 </segmentedlist>
39
40 </sect2>
41
42 <sect2 role="installation">
43 <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
44
45 <para>First, disable a problematic test:</para>
46
47 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test_mkfds/s/^/#/' tests/helpers/Makemodule.am</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
50
51<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
52 --libdir=/usr/lib \
53 --runstatedir=/run \
54 --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
55 --disable-chfn-chsh \
56 --disable-login \
57 --disable-nologin \
58 --disable-su \
59 --disable-setpriv \
60 --disable-runuser \
61 --disable-pylibmount \
62 --disable-static \
63 --without-python \
64 --without-systemd \
65 --without-systemdsystemunitdir \
66 ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
67 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>
68
69<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
70 --libdir=/usr/lib \
71 --runstatedir=/run \
72 --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
73 --disable-chfn-chsh \
74 --disable-login \
75 --disable-nologin \
76 --disable-su \
77 --disable-setpriv \
78 --disable-runuser \
79 --disable-pylibmount \
80 --disable-static \
81 --without-python \
82 ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
83 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>
84
85 <para>The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about
86 building components that either require packages not in LFS, or are
87 inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.</para>
88
89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para>If desired, run the test suite as a non-&root; user:</para>
94
95 <warning><para>Running the test suite as the
96 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user can be harmful to
97 your system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
98 be available in the currently running system and must be built as a
99 module. Building it into the kernel will prevent booting. For complete
100 coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed. If desired, this test can
101 be run by booting into the completed LFS system and running:</para>
102
103<screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
104 </warning>
105
106<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -R tester .
107su tester -c "make -k check"</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>The <emphasis>hardlink</emphasis> tests will fail if the host's kernel
110 does not have the option <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH</option>
111 enabled or does not have any options providing a SHA256 implementation
112 (for example, <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256</option>, or
113 <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256_SSSE3</option> if the CPU supports
114 Supplemental SSE3) enabled. In addition,
115 two sub-tests from misc: mbsencode and one sub-test from script: replay are
116 known to fail.</para>
117
118 <!-- Related to non-4K page size. -->
119 <para>Two tests named <filename>fadvise/drop</filename> and
120 <filename>fincore/count</filename> are known to fail.</para>
121
122 <para>Install the package:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
125<!--
126 <para>Finally, install the man pages:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../util-linux-man-pages-&util-linux-version;.tar.xz - -directory /usr/share/man - -strip-components=1</userinput></screen>
129-->
130 </sect2>
131
132 <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
133 <title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
134
135 <segmentedlist>
136 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
137 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
138 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
139
140 <seglistitem>
141 <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
142 chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
143 eject, fallocate, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
144 fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hardlink, hexdump, hwclock,
145 ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, irqtop, isosize, kill, last,
146 lastb (link to last), ldattach, linux32 (link to setarch), linux64 (link to setarch),
147 logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lsirq, lsfd, lslocks, lslogins,
148 lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
149 more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit,
150 readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script,
151 scriptlive, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
152 swapoff, swapon, switch_root, taskset, uclampset, ul,
153 umount, uname26 (link to setarch), unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse,
154 wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, and zramctl</seg>
155 <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
156 libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</seg>
157 <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
158 /usr/include/libfdisk,
159 /usr/include/libmount,
160 /usr/include/libsmartcols,
161 /usr/include/uuid,
162 /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
163 and /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
164 </seglistitem>
165 </segmentedlist>
166
167 <variablelist>
168 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
169 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
170 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
171
172 <varlistentry id="addpart">
173 <term><command>addpart</command></term>
174 <listitem>
175 <para>Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
177 <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
182 <varlistentry id="agetty">
183 <term><command>agetty</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
186 and then invokes the <command>login</command> program</para>
187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
188 <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
189 </indexterm>
190 </listitem>
191 </varlistentry>
192
193 <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
194 <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
195 <listitem>
196 <para>Discards sectors on a device</para>
197 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
198 <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
199 </indexterm>
200 </listitem>
201 </varlistentry>
202
203 <varlistentry id="blkid">
204 <term><command>blkid</command></term>
205 <listitem>
206 <para>A command line utility to locate and print block device
207 attributes</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
209 <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="blkzone">
215 <term><command>blkzone</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Is used to manage zoned storage block devices</para>
218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkzone">
219 <primary sortas="b-blkzone">blkzone</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
224 <varlistentry id="blockdev">
225 <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
228 line</para>
229 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
230 <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
231 </indexterm>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 <varlistentry id="cal">
236 <term><command>cal</command></term>
237 <listitem>
238 <para>Displays a simple calendar</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
240 <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
246 <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
250 <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="chcpu">
256 <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Modifies the state of CPUs</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
260 <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="chmem">
266 <term><command>chmem</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Configures memory</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chmem">
270 <primary sortas="b-chmem">chmem</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="choom">
276 <term><command>choom</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Displays and adjusts OOM-killer scores, used to determine
279 which process to kill first when Linux is Out Of Memory</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux choom">
281 <primary sortas="b-choom">choom</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="chrt">
287 <term><command>chrt</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Manipulates real-time attributes of a process</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
291 <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="col">
297 <term><command>col</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Filters out reverse line feeds</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
301 <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="colcrt">
307 <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Filters <command>nroff</command> output for terminals
310 that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
312 <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="colrm">
318 <term><command>colrm</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Filters out the given columns</para>
321 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
322 <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
323 </indexterm>
324 </listitem>
325 </varlistentry>
326
327 <varlistentry id="column">
328 <term><command>column</command></term>
329 <listitem>
330 <para>Formats a given file into multiple columns</para>
331 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
332 <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
333 </indexterm>
334 </listitem>
335 </varlistentry>
336
337 <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
338 <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a
341 hard or a soft reset</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
343 <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="delpart">
349 <term><command>delpart</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition</para>
352 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
353 <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
354 </indexterm>
355 </listitem>
356 </varlistentry>
357
358 <varlistentry id="dmesg">
359 <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
360 <listitem>
361 <para>Dumps the kernel boot messages</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
363 <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="eject">
369 <term><command>eject</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Ejects removable media</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
373 <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="fallocate">
379 <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Preallocates space to a file</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
383 <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="fdisk">
389 <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
393 <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="fincore">
399 <term><command>fincore</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Counts pages of file contents in core</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fincore">
403 <primary sortas="b-fincore">fincore</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="findfs">
409 <term><command>findfs</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Finds a file system, either by label or Universally Unique Identifier
412 (UUID)</para>
413 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
414 <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
415 </indexterm>
416 </listitem>
417 </varlistentry>
418
419 <varlistentry id="findmnt">
420 <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
423 for working with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
425 <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="flock">
431 <term><command>flock</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock
434 held</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
436 <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="fsck">
442 <term><command>fsck</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
446 <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
452 <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the
455 given device</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
457 <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
463 <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the
466 given device</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
468 <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
474 <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
477 kernel driver operations</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
479 <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="fstrim">
485 <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
489 <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="getopt">
495 <term><command>getopt</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Parses options in the given command line</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
499 <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="hardlink">
505 <term><command>hardlink</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Consolidates duplicate files by creating hard links</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hardlink">
509 <primary sortas="b-hardlink">hardlink</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="hexdump">
515 <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Dumps the given file in hexadecimal, decimal, octal,
518 or ascii</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
520 <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="hwclock">
526 <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
529 the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
530 clock</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
532 <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="ionice">
538 <term><command>ionice</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
542 <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
548 <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Creates various IPC resources</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
552 <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
558 <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
562 <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="ipcs">
568 <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Provides IPC status information</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
572 <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="irqtop">
578 <term><command>irqtop</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information in
581 <ulink role='man' url='&man;top.1'>top(1)</ulink> style
582 view</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux irqtop">
584 <primary sortas="b-irqtop">irqtop</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="isosize">
590 <term><command>isosize</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Reports the size of an iso9660 file system</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
594 <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="kill">
600 <term><command>kill</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Sends signals to processes</para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
604 <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="last">
610 <term><command>last</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
613 through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
614 system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
616 <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="lastb">
622 <term><command>lastb</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
625 <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
627 <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="ldattach">
633 <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Attaches a line discipline to a serial line</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
637 <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="linux32">
643 <term><command>linux32</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
647 <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="linux64">
653 <term><command>linux64</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
657 <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="logger">
663 <term><command>logger</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Enters the given message into the system log</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
667 <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="look">
673 <term><command>look</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Displays lines that begin with the given string</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
677 <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="losetup">
683 <term><command>losetup</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Sets up and controls loop devices</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
687 <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="lsblk">
693 <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Lists information about all or selected block devices in
696 a tree-like format</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
698 <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="lscpu">
704 <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Prints CPU architecture information</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
708 <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="lsfd">
714 <term><command>lsfd</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Displays information about open files; replaces <command>lsof</command></para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsfd">
718 <primary sortas="b-lsfd">lsfd</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="lsipc">
724 <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
727 in the system</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
729 <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="lsirq">
735 <term><command>lsirq</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsirq">
739 <primary sortas="b-lsirq">lsirq</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="lslocks">
745 <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Lists local system locks</para>
748 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
749 <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
750 </indexterm>
751 </listitem>
752 </varlistentry>
753
754 <varlistentry id="lslogins">
755 <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
756 <listitem>
757 <para>Lists information about users, groups and system accounts</para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
759 <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="lsmem">
765 <term><command>lsmem</command></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Lists the ranges of available memory with their online
768 status</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsmem">
770 <primary sortas="b-lsmem">lsmem</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="lsns">
776 <term><command>lsns</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Lists namespaces</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsns">
780 <primary sortas="b-lsns">lsns</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="mcookie">
786 <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for
789 <command>xauth</command></para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
791 <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="mesg">
797 <term><command>mesg</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
800 user's terminal</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
802 <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="mkfs">
808 <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
811 partition)</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
813 <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
819 <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
823 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
829 <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Creates a cramfs file system</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
833 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
839 <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Creates a Minix file system</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
843 <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="mkswap">
849 <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
852 area</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
854 <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="more">
860 <term><command>more</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>A filter for paging through text one screen at a time</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
864 <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="mount">
870 <term><command>mount</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified
873 directory in the file-system tree</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
875 <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
881 <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
885 <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="namei">
891 <term><command>namei</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Shows the symbolic links in the given paths</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
895 <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="nsenter">
901 <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Runs a program with namespaces of other processes</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
905 <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="partx">
911 <term><command>partx</command></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
914 partitions</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
916 <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
922 <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Makes the given file system the new root file system of the
925 current process</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
927 <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="prlimit">
933 <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Gets and sets a process's resource limits</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
937 <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="readprofile">
943 <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Reads kernel profiling information</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
947 <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="rename">
953 <term><command>rename</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
956 another</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
958 <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="renice">
964 <term><command>renice</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Alters the priority of running processes</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
968 <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="resizepart">
974 <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
978 <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="rev">
984 <term><command>rev</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Reverses the lines of a given file</para>
987 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
988 <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
989 </indexterm>
990 </listitem>
991 </varlistentry>
992
993 <varlistentry id="rfkill">
994 <term><command>rfkill</command></term>
995 <listitem>
996 <para>Tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rfkill">
998 <primary sortas="b-rfkill">rfkill</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
1004 <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Used to enter a system sleep state until the specified wakeup
1007 time</para>
1008 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
1009 <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
1010 </indexterm>
1011 </listitem>
1012 </varlistentry>
1013
1014 <varlistentry id="script">
1015 <term><command>script</command></term>
1016 <listitem>
1017 <para>Makes a typescript of a terminal session</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
1019 <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="scriptlive">
1025 <term><command>scriptlive</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Re-runs session typescripts using timing information</para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptlive">
1029 <primary sortas="b-scriptlive">scriptlive</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
1035 <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Plays back typescripts using timing information</para>
1038 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
1039 <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
1040 </indexterm>
1041 </listitem>
1042 </varlistentry>
1043
1044 <varlistentry id="setarch">
1045 <term><command>setarch</command></term>
1046 <listitem>
1047 <para>Changes reported architecture in a new program environment, and
1048 sets personality flags</para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
1050 <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="setsid">
1056 <term><command>setsid</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Runs the given program in a new session</para>
1059 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
1060 <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
1061 </indexterm>
1062 </listitem>
1063 </varlistentry>
1064
1065 <varlistentry id="setterm">
1066 <term><command>setterm</command></term>
1067 <listitem>
1068 <para>Sets terminal attributes</para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
1070 <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
1076 <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>A disk partition table manipulator</para>
1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
1080 <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
1081 </indexterm>
1082 </listitem>
1083 </varlistentry>
1084
1085 <varlistentry id="sulogin">
1086 <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
1087 <listitem>
1088 <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in;
1089 it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes
1090 into single user mode</para>
1091 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
1092 <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
1093 </indexterm>
1094 </listitem>
1095 </varlistentry>
1096
1097 <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
1098 <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
1099 <listitem>
1100 <para>Makes changes to the swap area's UUID and label</para>
1101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
1102 <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
1103 </indexterm>
1104 </listitem>
1105 </varlistentry>
1106
1107 <varlistentry id="swapoff">
1108 <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
1109 <listitem>
1110 <para>Disables devices and files for paging and swapping</para>
1111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
1112 <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
1113 </indexterm>
1114 </listitem>
1115 </varlistentry>
1116
1117 <varlistentry id="swapon">
1118 <term><command>swapon</command></term>
1119 <listitem>
1120 <para>Enables devices and files for paging and swapping, and
1121 lists the devices and files currently in use</para>
1122 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
1123 <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
1124 </indexterm>
1125 </listitem>
1126 </varlistentry>
1127
1128 <varlistentry id="switch_root">
1129 <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
1130 <listitem>
1131 <para>Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree</para>
1132 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
1133 <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
1134 </indexterm>
1135 </listitem>
1136 </varlistentry>
1137
1138 <varlistentry id="taskset">
1139 <term><command>taskset</command></term>
1140 <listitem>
1141 <para>Retrieves or sets a process's CPU affinity</para>
1142 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
1143 <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
1144 </indexterm>
1145 </listitem>
1146 </varlistentry>
1147
1148 <varlistentry id="uclampset">
1149 <term><command>uclampset</command></term>
1150 <listitem>
1151 <para>Manipulates the utilization clamping attributes of the
1152 system or a process</para>
1153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uclampset">
1154 <primary sortas="b-uclampset">uclampset</primary>
1155 </indexterm>
1156 </listitem>
1157 </varlistentry>
1158
1159 <varlistentry id="ul">
1160 <term><command>ul</command></term>
1161 <listitem>
1162 <para>A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences
1163 indicating underlining for the terminal in use</para>
1164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
1165 <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
1166 </indexterm>
1167 </listitem>
1168 </varlistentry>
1169
1170 <varlistentry id="umount">
1171 <term><command>umount</command></term>
1172 <listitem>
1173 <para>Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree</para>
1174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
1175 <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
1176 </indexterm>
1177 </listitem>
1178 </varlistentry>
1179
1180 <varlistentry id="uname26">
1181 <term><command>uname26</command></term>
1182 <listitem>
1183 <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
1185 <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
1186 </indexterm>
1187 </listitem>
1188 </varlistentry>
1189
1190 <varlistentry id="unshare">
1191 <term><command>unshare</command></term>
1192 <listitem>
1193 <para>Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent</para>
1194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
1195 <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
1196 </indexterm>
1197 </listitem>
1198 </varlistentry>
1199
1200 <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
1201 <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
1202 <listitem>
1203 <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a
1204 user-friendly format</para>
1205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
1206 <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
1207 </indexterm>
1208 </listitem>
1209 </varlistentry>
1210
1211 <varlistentry id="uuidd">
1212 <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
1213 <listitem>
1214 <para>A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
1215 UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion</para>
1216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
1217 <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
1218 </indexterm>
1219 </listitem>
1220 </varlistentry>
1221
1222 <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
1223 <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
1224 <listitem>
1225 <para>Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID is a random number likely to be
1226 unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
1227 systems, in the past and in the future, with extremely high
1228 probability (2<superscript>128</superscript> UUIDs are
1229 possible)</para>
1230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
1231 <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
1232 </indexterm>
1233 </listitem>
1234 </varlistentry>
1235
1236 <varlistentry id="uuidparse">
1237 <term><command>uuidparse</command></term>
1238 <listitem>
1239 <para>A utility to parse unique identifiers</para>
1240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidparse">
1241 <primary sortas="b-uuidparse">uuidparse</primary>
1242 </indexterm>
1243 </listitem>
1244 </varlistentry>
1245
1246 <varlistentry id="wall">
1247 <term><command>wall</command></term>
1248 <listitem>
1249 <para>Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard
1250 input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users</para>
1251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
1252 <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
1253 </indexterm>
1254 </listitem>
1255 </varlistentry>
1256
1257 <varlistentry id="wdctl">
1258 <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
1259 <listitem>
1260 <para>Shows hardware watchdog status</para>
1261 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
1262 <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
1263 </indexterm>
1264 </listitem>
1265 </varlistentry>
1266
1267 <varlistentry id="whereis">
1268 <term><command>whereis</command></term>
1269 <listitem>
1270 <para>Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
1271 files for the given command</para>
1272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
1273 <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
1274 </indexterm>
1275 </listitem>
1276 </varlistentry>
1277
1278 <varlistentry id="wipefs">
1279 <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
1280 <listitem>
1281 <para>Wipes a filesystem signature from a device</para>
1282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
1283 <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
1284 </indexterm>
1285 </listitem>
1286 </varlistentry>
1287
1288 <varlistentry id="zramctl">
1289 <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
1290 <listitem>
1291 <para>A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk)
1292 devices</para>
1293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
1294 <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
1295 </indexterm>
1296 </listitem>
1297 </varlistentry>
1298
1299 <varlistentry id="libblkid">
1300 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
1301 <listitem>
1302 <para>Contains routines for device identification and token
1303 extraction</para>
1304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
1305 <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
1306 </indexterm>
1307 </listitem>
1308 </varlistentry>
1309
1310 <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
1311 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
1312 <listitem>
1313 <para>Contains routines for manipulating partition tables</para>
1314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
1315 <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
1316 </indexterm>
1317 </listitem>
1318 </varlistentry>
1319
1320 <varlistentry id="libmount">
1321 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
1322 <listitem>
1323 <para>Contains routines for block device mounting and
1324 unmounting</para>
1325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
1326 <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
1327 </indexterm>
1328 </listitem>
1329 </varlistentry>
1330
1331 <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
1332 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
1333 <listitem>
1334 <para>Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form</para>
1335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
1336 <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
1337 </indexterm>
1338 </listitem>
1339 </varlistentry>
1340
1341 <varlistentry id="libuuid">
1342 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
1343 <listitem>
1344 <para>Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects
1345 that may be accessible beyond the local system</para>
1346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
1347 <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
1348 </indexterm>
1349 </listitem>
1350 </varlistentry>
1351
1352 </variablelist>
1353
1354 </sect2>
1355
1356</sect1>
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