1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="pre-why">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="package-choices.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
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12 |
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13 | <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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14 | foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
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15 | itself while providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
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16 | a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
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17 | mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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18 | are included that are not strictly required. The lists below document the
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19 | rationale for each package in the book.</para>
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20 |
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21 | <itemizedlist>
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22 |
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23 | <listitem>
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24 | <para>Acl</para>
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25 |
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26 | <para>This package contains utilities to administer Access
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27 | Control Lists, which are used to define more fine-grained
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28 | discretionary access rights for files and directories.
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29 | </para>
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30 | </listitem>
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31 |
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32 | <listitem>
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33 | <para>Attr</para>
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34 |
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35 | <para>This package contains programs for administering
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36 | extended attributes on filesystem objects.
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37 | </para>
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38 | </listitem>
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39 |
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40 | <listitem>
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41 | <para>Autoconf</para>
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42 |
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43 | <para>This package contains programs for producing shell scripts that
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44 | can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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45 | template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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46 | to the build procedures.</para>
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47 | </listitem>
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48 |
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>Automake</para>
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51 |
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52 | <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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53 | a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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54 | to the build procedures.</para>
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55 | </listitem>
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56 |
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57 | <listitem>
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58 | <para>Bash</para>
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59 |
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60 | <para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
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61 | a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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62 | other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
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63 | capabilities beyond basic shell functions.</para>
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64 | </listitem>
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65 |
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66 | <listitem>
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67 | <para>Bc</para>
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68 |
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69 | <para>This package provides an arbitrary precision numeric processing language.
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70 | It satisfies a requirement needed when building the Linux kernel.</para>
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71 | </listitem>
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72 |
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73 | <listitem>
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74 | <para>Binutils</para>
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75 |
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76 | <para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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77 | tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
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78 | needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system and beyond.</para>
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79 | </listitem>
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80 |
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>Bison</para>
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83 |
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84 | <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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85 | Compiler Compiler) needed to build several other LFS programs.</para>
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86 | </listitem>
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87 |
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88 | <listitem>
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89 | <para>Bzip2</para>
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90 |
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91 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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92 | files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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93 | </listitem>
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94 |
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95 | <listitem>
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96 | <para>Check</para>
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97 |
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98 | <para>This package contains a test harness for other programs.</para>
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99 | </listitem>
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100 |
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101 | <listitem>
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102 | <para>Coreutils</para>
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103 |
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104 | <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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105 | and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
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106 | command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
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107 | procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
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108 | </listitem>
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109 |
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110 | <listitem revision="systemd">
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111 | <para>D-Bus</para>
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112 |
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113 | <para>This package contains programs to implement a message bus system,
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114 | which a simple way for applications to talk to one another.
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115 | </para>
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116 | </listitem>
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117 |
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118 | <listitem>
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119 | <para>DejaGNU</para>
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120 |
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121 | <para>This package contains a framework for testing other programs.</para>
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122 | </listitem>
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123 |
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124 | <listitem>
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125 | <para>Diffutils</para>
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126 |
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127 | <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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128 | between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
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129 | patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
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130 | </listitem>
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131 |
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132 | <listitem>
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133 | <para>E2fsprogs</para>
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134 |
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135 | <para>This package contains the utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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136 | and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thoroughly
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137 | tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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138 | </listitem>
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139 |
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140 | <listitem revision="sysv">
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141 | <para>Eudev</para>
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142 |
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143 | <para>This package is a device manager. It dynamically controls the ownership,
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144 | permissions, names, and symbolic links of devices in the /dev directory as
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145 | devices are added or removed from the system.
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146 | </para>
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147 | </listitem>
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148 |
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149 | <listitem>
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150 | <para>Expat</para>
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151 |
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152 | <para>This package contains a relatively small XML parsing library. It
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153 | is required by the XML::Parser Perl module.</para>
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154 | </listitem>
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155 |
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156 | <listitem>
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157 | <para>Expect</para>
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158 |
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159 | <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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160 | dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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161 | for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
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162 | toolchain.</para>
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163 | </listitem>
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164 |
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165 | <listitem>
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166 | <para>File</para>
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167 |
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168 | <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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169 | given file or files. A few packages need it in their build scripts.</para>
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170 | </listitem>
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171 |
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172 | <listitem>
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173 | <para>Findutils</para>
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174 |
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175 | <para>This package contains programs to find files in a file system.
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176 | It is used in many packages' build scripts.</para>
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177 | </listitem>
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178 |
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179 | <listitem>
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180 | <para>Flex</para>
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181 |
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182 | <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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183 | recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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184 | (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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185 | LFS packages.</para>
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186 | </listitem>
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187 |
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188 | <listitem>
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189 | <para>Gawk</para>
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190 |
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191 | <para>This package contains programs for manipulating text files.
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192 | It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan). It is used in
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193 | many other packages' build scripts.</para>
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194 | </listitem>
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195 |
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196 | <listitem>
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197 | <para>GCC</para>
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198 |
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199 | <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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200 | C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
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201 | </para>
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202 | </listitem>
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203 |
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204 | <listitem>
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205 | <para>GDBM</para>
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206 |
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207 | <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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208 | is used by one other LFS package, Man-DB.</para>
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209 | </listitem>
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210 |
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211 | <listitem>
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212 | <para>Gettext</para>
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213 |
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214 | <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
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215 | internationalization and localization of numerous packages.</para>
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216 | </listitem>
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217 |
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218 | <listitem>
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219 | <para>Glibc</para>
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220 |
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221 | <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs will
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222 | not run without it.</para>
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223 | </listitem>
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224 |
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225 | <listitem>
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226 | <para>GMP</para>
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227 |
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228 | <para>This package contains math libraries that provide useful functions
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229 | for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It is required to build GCC.</para>
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230 | </listitem>
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231 |
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232 | <listitem>
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233 | <para>Gperf</para>
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234 |
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235 | <para>This package contains a program that generates a perfect hash
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236 | function from a key set. It is required for Eudev.</para>
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237 | </listitem>
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238 |
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239 | <listitem>
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240 | <para>Grep</para>
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241 |
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242 | <para>This package contains programs for searching through files. These
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243 | programs are used by most packages' build scripts.</para>
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244 | </listitem>
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245 |
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246 | <listitem>
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247 | <para>Groff</para>
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248 |
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249 | <para>This package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
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250 | One important function of these programs is to format man pages.</para>
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251 | </listitem>
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252 |
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253 | <listitem>
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254 | <para>GRUB</para>
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255 |
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256 | <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
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257 | of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
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258 | </para>
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259 | </listitem>
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260 |
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261 | <listitem>
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262 | <para>Gzip</para>
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263 |
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264 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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265 | decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages in LFS
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266 | and beyond.</para>
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267 | </listitem>
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268 |
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269 | <listitem>
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270 | <para>Iana-etc</para>
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271 |
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272 | <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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273 | It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.</para>
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274 | </listitem>
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275 |
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276 | <listitem>
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277 | <para>Inetutils</para>
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278 |
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279 | <para>This package contains programs for basic network
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280 | administration.</para>
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281 | </listitem>
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282 |
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283 | <listitem>
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284 | <para>Intltool</para>
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285 |
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286 | <para>This package contains tools for extracting translatable
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287 | strings from source files.</para>
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288 | </listitem>
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289 |
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290 | <listitem>
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291 | <para>IProute2</para>
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292 |
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293 | <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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294 | IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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295 | tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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296 | </listitem>
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297 |
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298 | <listitem>
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299 | <para>Kbd</para>
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300 |
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301 | <para>This package contains key-table files, keyboard utilities
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302 | for non-US keyboards, and a number of console fonts.</para>
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303 | </listitem>
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304 |
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305 | <listitem>
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306 | <para>Kmod</para>
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307 |
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308 | <para>This package contains programs needed to administer Linux
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309 | kernel modules.</para>
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310 | </listitem>
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311 |
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312 | <listitem>
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313 | <para>Less</para>
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314 |
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315 | <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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316 | allows scrolling up or down when viewing a file. It is also used by
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317 | Man-DB for viewing manpages.</para>
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318 | </listitem>
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319 |
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320 | <listitem>
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321 | <para>Libcap</para>
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322 |
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323 | <para>This package implements the user-space interfaces to
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324 | the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities available in Linux kernels.
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325 | </para>
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326 | </listitem>
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327 |
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328 | <listitem>
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329 | <para>Libelf</para>
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330 |
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331 | <para>The elfutils project provides libraries and tools for ELF files
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332 | and DWARF data. Most utilities in this package are available in
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333 | other packages, but the library is needed to build the Linux
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334 | kernel using the default (and most efficient) configuration.</para>
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335 |
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336 | </listitem>
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337 |
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338 | <listitem>
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339 | <para>Libffi</para>
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340 |
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341 | <para>This package implements a portable, high level programming
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342 | interface to various calling conventions. Some programs may not know
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343 | at the time of compilation what arguments are to be passed to a
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344 | function. For instance, an interpreter may be told at run-time about
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345 | the number and types of arguments used to call a given function. Libffi
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346 | can be used in such programs to provide a bridge from the interpreter
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347 | program to compiled code.</para>
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348 |
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349 | </listitem>
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350 |
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351 | <listitem>
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352 | <para>Libpipeline</para>
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353 |
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354 | <para>The Libpipeline package contains a library for manipulating
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355 | pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way. It is
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356 | required by the Man-DB package.</para>
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357 | </listitem>
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358 |
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>Libtool</para>
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361 |
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362 | <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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363 | script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
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364 | consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
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365 | suites in other LFS packages.</para>
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366 | </listitem>
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367 |
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368 | <listitem>
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369 | <para>Linux Kernel</para>
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370 |
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371 | <para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
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372 | the GNU/Linux environment.</para>
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373 | </listitem>
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374 |
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375 | <listitem>
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376 | <para>M4</para>
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377 |
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378 | <para>This package contains a general text macro processor useful
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379 | as a build tool for other programs.</para>
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380 | </listitem>
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381 |
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382 | <listitem>
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383 | <para>Make</para>
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384 |
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385 | <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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386 | of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.</para>
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387 | </listitem>
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388 |
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389 | <listitem>
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390 | <para>Man-DB</para>
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391 |
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392 | <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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393 | It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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394 | due to superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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395 | the man program.</para>
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396 | </listitem>
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397 |
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398 | <listitem>
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399 | <para>Man-pages</para>
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400 |
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401 | <para>This package contains the actual contents of the basic
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402 | Linux man pages.</para>
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403 | </listitem>
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404 |
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405 | <listitem>
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406 | <para>Meson</para>
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407 |
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408 | <para>This package provides a software tool for automating the building
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409 | of software. The main goal for Meson is to minimize the amount of time
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410 | that software developers need to spend configuring their build
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411 | system.</para>
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412 |
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413 | </listitem>
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414 |
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415 | <listitem>
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416 | <para>MPC</para>
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417 |
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418 | <para>This package contains functions for the arithmetic of complex
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419 | numbers. It is required by GCC.</para>
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420 | </listitem>
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421 |
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422 | <listitem>
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423 | <para>MPFR</para>
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424 |
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425 | <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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426 | arithmetic. It is required by GCC.</para>
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427 | </listitem>
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428 |
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429 | <listitem>
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430 | <para>Ninja</para>
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431 |
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432 | <para>This package contains a small build system with a focus on speed.
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433 | It is designed to have its input files generated by a higher-level build
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434 | system, and to run builds as fast as possible.</para>
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435 |
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436 | </listitem>
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437 |
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438 | <listitem>
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439 | <para>Ncurses</para>
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440 |
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441 | <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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442 | handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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443 | cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
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444 | packages in LFS.</para>
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445 | </listitem>
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446 |
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447 | <listitem>
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448 | <para>Openssl</para>
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449 |
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450 | <para>This package provides management tools and libraries relating to
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451 | cryptography. These are useful for providing cryptographic functions to
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452 | other packages, including the Linux kernel.</para>
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453 | </listitem>
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454 |
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455 | <listitem>
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456 | <para>Patch</para>
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457 |
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458 | <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
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459 | applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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460 | by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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461 | the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
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462 | </listitem>
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463 |
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464 | <listitem>
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465 | <para>Perl</para>
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466 |
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467 | <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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468 | PERL. It is needed for the installation and test suites of several LFS
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469 | packages.</para>
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470 | </listitem>
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471 |
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472 | <listitem>
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473 | <para>Pkg-config</para>
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474 |
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475 | <para>This package provides a program that returns meta-data about an
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476 | installed library or package.</para>
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477 | </listitem>
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478 |
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479 | <listitem>
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480 | <para>Procps-NG</para>
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481 |
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482 | <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes. These
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483 | programs are useful for system administration, and are also used by
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484 | the LFS Bootscripts.</para>
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485 | </listitem>
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486 |
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487 | <listitem>
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488 | <para>Psmisc</para>
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489 |
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490 | <para>This package contains programs for displaying information
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491 | about running processes. These programs are useful for system
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492 | administration.</para>
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493 | </listitem>
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494 |
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495 | <listitem>
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496 | <para>Python 3</para>
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497 |
|
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498 | <para>This package provides an interpreted language that has a design
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499 | philosophy that emphasizes code readability.</para>
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500 |
|
---|
501 | </listitem>
|
---|
502 |
|
---|
503 | <listitem>
|
---|
504 | <para>Readline</para>
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
|
---|
507 | editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
|
---|
508 | </listitem>
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | <listitem>
|
---|
511 | <para>Sed</para>
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
|
---|
514 | text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
|
---|
515 | scripts.</para>
|
---|
516 | </listitem>
|
---|
517 |
|
---|
518 | <listitem>
|
---|
519 | <para>Shadow</para>
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
|
---|
522 | in a secure way.</para>
|
---|
523 | </listitem>
|
---|
524 |
|
---|
525 | <listitem revision="sysv">
|
---|
526 | <para>Sysklogd</para>
|
---|
527 |
|
---|
528 | <para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
|
---|
529 | such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
|
---|
530 | events occur.</para>
|
---|
531 | </listitem>
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | <listitem revision="systemd">
|
---|
534 | <para>Systemd</para>
|
---|
535 |
|
---|
536 | <para>This package provides an <application>init</application> program
|
---|
537 | and several additional boot and system control capabilities as an
|
---|
538 | alternative to Sysvinit. It is used by many commercial distributions.
|
---|
539 | </para>
|
---|
540 | </listitem>
|
---|
541 |
|
---|
542 | <listitem revision="sysv">
|
---|
543 | <para>Sysvinit</para>
|
---|
544 |
|
---|
545 | <para>This package provides the <application>init</application>
|
---|
546 | program, which is the parent of all other processes on the Linux
|
---|
547 | system. </para>
|
---|
548 | </listitem>
|
---|
549 |
|
---|
550 | <listitem>
|
---|
551 | <para>Tar</para>
|
---|
552 |
|
---|
553 | <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
|
---|
554 | of virtually all packages used in LFS.</para>
|
---|
555 | </listitem>
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | <listitem>
|
---|
558 | <para>Tcl</para>
|
---|
559 |
|
---|
560 | <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
|
---|
561 | in many test suites in LFS packages.</para>
|
---|
562 | </listitem>
|
---|
563 |
|
---|
564 | <listitem>
|
---|
565 | <para>Texinfo</para>
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
|
---|
568 | converting info pages. It is used in the installation
|
---|
569 | procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
|
---|
570 | </listitem>
|
---|
571 |
|
---|
572 | <listitem>
|
---|
573 | <para>Util-linux</para>
|
---|
574 |
|
---|
575 | <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
|
---|
576 | Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
|
---|
577 | partitions, and messages.</para>
|
---|
578 | </listitem>
|
---|
579 |
|
---|
580 | <listitem>
|
---|
581 | <para>Vim</para>
|
---|
582 |
|
---|
583 | <para>This package contains an editor. It was chosen because of its
|
---|
584 | compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
|
---|
585 | capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
|
---|
586 | many users and any other editor could be substituted if desired.</para>
|
---|
587 | </listitem>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <listitem>
|
---|
590 | <para>XML::Parser</para>
|
---|
591 |
|
---|
592 | <para>This package is a Perl module that interfaces with Expat.</para>
|
---|
593 | </listitem>
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | <listitem>
|
---|
596 | <para>XZ Utils</para>
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
|
---|
599 | files. It provides the highest compression generally available
|
---|
600 | and is useful for decompressing packages in XZ or LZMA format.</para>
|
---|
601 | </listitem>
|
---|
602 |
|
---|
603 | <listitem>
|
---|
604 | <para>Zlib</para>
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
---|
607 | used by some programs.</para>
|
---|
608 | </listitem>
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | <listitem>
|
---|
611 | <para>Zstd</para>
|
---|
612 |
|
---|
613 | <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
---|
614 | used by some programs. It provide high compression ratios and a very
|
---|
615 | wide range of compression / speed trade-offs.</para>
|
---|
616 | </listitem>
|
---|
617 |
|
---|
618 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
619 |
|
---|
620 | </sect1>
|
---|
621 |
|
---|