source: prologue/why.xml@ b1774158

12.0 12.0-rc1 12.1 12.1-rc1 multilib trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.0 xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since b1774158 was b1774158, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 11 months ago

Remove references to eudev

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="pre-why">
9 <?dbhtml filename="package-choices.html"?>
10
11 <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
12
13 <para>The goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
14 foundation-level system&mdash;including all the packages needed to replicate
15 itself&mdash;and providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
16 a more complete system based on the user's choices. This does not
17 mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
18 are included that are not, strictly speaking, required. The list below documents the
19 reasons each package in the book has been included.</para>
20
21 <itemizedlist>
22
23 <listitem>
24 <para>Acl</para>
25
26 <para>This package contains utilities to administer Access
27 Control Lists, which are used to define fine-grained
28 discretionary access rights for files and directories.
29 </para>
30 </listitem>
31
32 <listitem>
33 <para>Attr</para>
34
35 <para>This package contains programs for managing
36 extended attributes on file system objects.
37 </para>
38 </listitem>
39
40 <listitem>
41 <para>Autoconf</para>
42
43 <para>This package supplies programs for producing shell scripts that
44 can automatically configure source code from a developer's
45 template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after
46 the build procedure has been updated.</para>
47 </listitem>
48
49 <listitem>
50 <para>Automake</para>
51
52 <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
53 a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after
54 the build procedure has been updated.</para>
55 </listitem>
56
57 <listitem>
58 <para>Bash</para>
59
60 <para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
61 a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
62 other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
63 capabilities.</para>
64 </listitem>
65
66 <listitem>
67 <para>Bc</para>
68
69 <para>This package provides an arbitrary precision numeric processing language.
70 It satisfies a requirement for building the Linux kernel.</para>
71 </listitem>
72
73 <listitem>
74 <para>Binutils</para>
75
76 <para>This package supplies a linker, an assembler, and other
77 tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
78 needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system.</para>
79 </listitem>
80
81 <listitem>
82 <para>Bison</para>
83
84 <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
85 Compiler Compiler) needed to build several of the LFS programs.</para>
86 </listitem>
87
88 <listitem>
89 <para>Bzip2</para>
90
91 <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
92 files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
93 </listitem>
94
95 <listitem>
96 <para>Check</para>
97
98 <para>This package provides a test harness for other programs.</para>
99 </listitem>
100
101 <listitem>
102 <para>Coreutils</para>
103
104 <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
105 and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
106 command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
107 procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
108 </listitem>
109
110 <listitem revision="systemd">
111 <para>D-Bus</para>
112
113 <para>This package contains programs to implement a message bus system,
114 a simple way for applications to talk to one another.
115 </para>
116 </listitem>
117
118 <listitem>
119 <para>DejaGNU</para>
120
121 <para>This package supplies a framework for testing other programs.</para>
122 </listitem>
123
124 <listitem>
125 <para>Diffutils</para>
126
127 <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
128 between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
129 patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
130 </listitem>
131
132 <listitem>
133 <para>E2fsprogs</para>
134
135 <para>This package supplies utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
136 and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thoroughly
137 tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
138 </listitem>
139
140 <listitem revision="sysv">
141 <para>Udev</para>
142
143 <para>This package is a device manager. It dynamically controls the ownership,
144 permissions, names, and symbolic links of device nodes in the /dev directory when
145 devices are added to or removed from the system.
146 </para>
147 </listitem>
148
149 <listitem>
150 <para>Expat</para>
151
152 <para>This package yields a relatively small XML parsing library. It
153 is required by the XML::Parser Perl module.</para>
154 </listitem>
155
156 <listitem>
157 <para>Expect</para>
158
159 <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
160 dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
161 for testing other packages.</para>
162 </listitem>
163
164 <listitem>
165 <para>File</para>
166
167 <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
168 given file or files. A few packages need it in their build scripts.</para>
169 </listitem>
170
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Findutils</para>
173
174 <para>This package provides programs to find files in a file system.
175 It is used in many packages' build scripts.</para>
176 </listitem>
177
178 <listitem>
179 <para>Flex</para>
180
181 <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
182 recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
183 (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
184 LFS packages.</para>
185 </listitem>
186
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Gawk</para>
189
190 <para>This package supplies programs for manipulating text files.
191 It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan). It is used in
192 many other packages' build scripts.</para>
193 </listitem>
194
195 <listitem>
196 <para>GCC</para>
197
198 <para>This is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
199 C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
200 </para>
201 </listitem>
202
203 <listitem>
204 <para>GDBM</para>
205
206 <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
207 is used by one other LFS package, Man-DB.</para>
208 </listitem>
209
210 <listitem>
211 <para>Gettext</para>
212
213 <para>This package provides utilities and libraries for
214 the internationalization and localization of many packages.</para>
215 </listitem>
216
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Glibc</para>
219
220 <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs will
221 not run without it.</para>
222 </listitem>
223
224 <listitem>
225 <para>GMP</para>
226
227 <para>This package supplies math libraries that provide useful functions
228 for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It is needed to build GCC.</para>
229 </listitem>
230
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Gperf</para>
233
234 <para>This package produces a program that generates a perfect hash
235 function from a set of keys. It is required by
236 <phrase revision='sysv'>Udev</phrase>
237 <phrase revision='systemd'>Systemd</phrase>.</para>
238 </listitem>
239
240 <listitem>
241 <para>Grep</para>
242
243 <para>This package contains programs for searching through files. These
244 programs are used by most packages' build scripts.</para>
245 </listitem>
246
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Groff</para>
249
250 <para>This package contributes programs for processing and formatting text.
251 One important function of these programs is to format man pages.</para>
252 </listitem>
253
254 <listitem>
255 <para>GRUB</para>
256
257 <para>This is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is
258 the most flexible of several boot loaders available.
259 </para>
260 </listitem>
261
262 <listitem>
263 <para>Gzip</para>
264
265 <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
266 decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages
267 in LFS.</para>
268 </listitem>
269
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Iana-etc</para>
272
273 <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
274 It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.</para>
275 </listitem>
276
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Inetutils</para>
279
280 <para>This package supplies programs for basic network
281 administration.</para>
282 </listitem>
283
284 <listitem>
285 <para>Intltool</para>
286
287 <para>This package contributes tools for extracting translatable
288 strings from source files.</para>
289 </listitem>
290
291 <listitem>
292 <para>IProute2</para>
293
294 <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
295 IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
296 tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
297 </listitem>
298
299 <listitem revision="systemd">
300 <para>Jinja2</para>
301
302 <para>This package is a Python module for text templating.
303 It's required to build Systemd.</para>
304 </listitem>
305
306 <listitem>
307 <para>Kbd</para>
308
309 <para>This package produces key-table files, keyboard utilities
310 for non-US keyboards, and a number of console fonts.</para>
311 </listitem>
312
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Kmod</para>
315
316 <para>This package supplies programs needed to administer Linux
317 kernel modules.</para>
318 </listitem>
319
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Less</para>
322
323 <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
324 allows scrolling up or down when viewing a file.
325 Many packages use it for paging the output.</para>
326 </listitem>
327
328 <listitem>
329 <para>Libcap</para>
330
331 <para>This package implements the userspace interfaces to
332 the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities available in Linux kernels.
333 </para>
334 </listitem>
335
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Libelf</para>
338
339 <para>The elfutils project provides libraries and tools for ELF files
340 and DWARF data. Most utilities in this package are available in
341 other packages, but the library is needed to build the Linux
342 kernel using the default (and most efficient) configuration.</para>
343
344 </listitem>
345
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Libffi</para>
348
349 <para>This package implements a portable, high level programming
350 interface to various calling conventions. Some programs may not know
351 at the time of compilation what arguments are to be passed to a
352 function. For instance, an interpreter may be told at run-time about
353 the number and types of arguments used to call a given function. Libffi
354 can be used in such programs to provide a bridge from the interpreter
355 program to compiled code.</para>
356
357 </listitem>
358
359 <listitem>
360 <para>Libpipeline</para>
361
362 <para>The Libpipeline package supplies a library for manipulating
363 pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way. It is
364 required by the Man-DB package.</para>
365 </listitem>
366
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Libtool</para>
369
370 <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
371 script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries into a
372 consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
373 suites in other LFS packages.</para>
374 </listitem>
375
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Libxcrypt</para>
378
379 <para>This package provides the
380 <systemitem class='library'>libcrypt</systemitem> library
381 needed by various packages (notably, Shadow) for hashing passwords.
382 It replaces the obsolete
383 <systemitem class='library'>libcrypt</systemitem> implmentation in
384 Glibc.</para>
385 </listitem>
386
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Linux Kernel</para>
389
390 <para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
391 the GNU/Linux environment.</para>
392 </listitem>
393
394 <listitem>
395 <para>M4</para>
396
397 <para>This package provides a general text macro processor useful
398 as a build tool for other programs.</para>
399 </listitem>
400
401 <listitem>
402 <para>Make</para>
403
404 <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
405 of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.</para>
406 </listitem>
407
408 <listitem revision="systemd">
409 <para>MarkupSafe</para>
410
411 <para>This package is a Python module for processing strings in
412 HTML/XHTML/XML safely. Jinja2 requires this package.</para>
413 </listitem>
414
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Man-DB</para>
417
418 <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
419 It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
420 because of its superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
421 the man program.</para>
422 </listitem>
423
424 <listitem>
425 <para>Man-pages</para>
426
427 <para>This package provides the actual contents of the basic
428 Linux man pages.</para>
429 </listitem>
430
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Meson</para>
433
434 <para>This package provides a software tool for automating the building
435 of software. The main goal of Meson is to minimize the amount of time
436 that software developers need to spend configuring a build
437 system. It's required to build Systemd, as well as many BLFS
438 packages.</para>
439
440 </listitem>
441
442 <listitem>
443 <para>MPC</para>
444
445 <para>This package supplies arithmetic functions for complex
446 numbers. It is required by GCC.</para>
447 </listitem>
448
449 <listitem>
450 <para>MPFR</para>
451
452 <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
453 arithmetic. It is required by GCC.</para>
454 </listitem>
455
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Ninja</para>
458
459 <para>This package furnishes a small build system with a focus on speed.
460 It is designed to have its input files generated by a higher-level build
461 system, and to run builds as fast as possible.
462 This package is required by Meson.</para>
463
464 </listitem>
465
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Ncurses</para>
468
469 <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
470 handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
471 cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
472 the packages in LFS.</para>
473 </listitem>
474
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Openssl</para>
477
478 <para>This package provides management tools and libraries relating to
479 cryptography. These supply cryptographic functions to
480 other packages, including the Linux kernel.</para>
481 </listitem>
482
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Patch</para>
485
486 <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
487 applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
488 by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
489 the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
490 </listitem>
491
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Perl</para>
494
495 <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
496 PERL. It is needed for the installation and test suites of several LFS
497 packages.</para>
498 </listitem>
499
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Pkgconf</para>
502
503 <para>This package contains a program which helps to configure
504 compiler and linker flags for development libraries. The program
505 can be used as a drop-in replacement of
506 <command>pkg-config</command>, which is needed by the building
507 system of many packages. It's maintained more actively and slightly
508 faster than the original Pkg-config package.</para>
509 </listitem>
510
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Procps-NG</para>
513
514 <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes. These
515 programs are useful for system administration, and are also used by
516 the LFS Bootscripts.</para>
517 </listitem>
518
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Psmisc</para>
521
522 <para>This package produces programs for displaying information
523 about running processes. These programs are useful for system
524 administration.</para>
525 </listitem>
526
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Python 3</para>
529
530 <para>This package provides an interpreted language that has a design
531 philosophy emphasizing code readability.</para>
532
533 </listitem>
534
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Readline</para>
537
538 <para>This package is a set of libraries that offer command-line
539 editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
540 </listitem>
541
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Sed</para>
544
545 <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
546 text editor. It is also needed by many LFS packages' configure
547 scripts.</para>
548 </listitem>
549
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Shadow</para>
552
553 <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
554 securely.</para>
555 </listitem>
556
557 <listitem revision="sysv">
558 <para>Sysklogd</para>
559
560 <para>This package supplies programs for logging system messages,
561 such as those emitted by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
562 events occur.</para>
563 </listitem>
564
565 <listitem revision="systemd">
566 <para>Systemd</para>
567
568 <para>This package provides an <application>init</application> program
569 and several additional boot and system control capabilities as an
570 alternative to Sysvinit. It is used by many Linux distributions.
571 </para>
572 </listitem>
573
574 <listitem revision="sysv">
575 <para>Sysvinit</para>
576
577 <para>This package provides the <application>init</application>
578 program, the parent of all the other processes on a running Linux
579 system. </para>
580 </listitem>
581
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Tar</para>
584
585 <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
586 of virtually all the packages used in LFS.</para>
587 </listitem>
588
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Tcl</para>
591
592 <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
593 in many test suites.</para>
594 </listitem>
595
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Texinfo</para>
598
599 <para>This package supplies programs for reading, writing, and
600 converting info pages. It is used in the installation
601 procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
602 </listitem>
603
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Util-linux</para>
606
607 <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
608 Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
609 partitions, and messages.</para>
610 </listitem>
611
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Vim</para>
614
615 <para>This package provides an editor. It was chosen because of its
616 compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
617 capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
618 many users. Any other editor can be substituted, if you wish.</para>
619 </listitem>
620
621 <listitem>
622 <para>Wheel</para>
623
624 <para>This package supplies a Python module that is the
625 reference implementation of the Python wheel packaging standard.
626 </para>
627 </listitem>
628
629 <listitem>
630 <para>XML::Parser</para>
631
632 <para>This package is a Perl module that interfaces with Expat.</para>
633 </listitem>
634
635 <listitem>
636 <para>XZ Utils</para>
637
638 <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
639 files. It provides the highest compression generally available
640 and is useful for decompressing packages in XZ or LZMA format.</para>
641 </listitem>
642
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Zlib</para>
645
646 <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
647 used by some programs.</para>
648 </listitem>
649
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Zstd</para>
652
653 <para>This package supplies compression and decompression routines
654 used by some programs. It provides high compression ratios and a very
655 wide range of compression / speed trade-offs.</para>
656 </listitem>
657
658 </itemizedlist>
659
660</sect1>
661
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