1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="pre-why">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="package-choices.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
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12 |
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13 | <para>The goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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14 | foundation-level system—including all the packages needed to replicate
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15 | itself—and providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
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16 | a more complete system based on the user's choices. This does not
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17 | mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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18 | are included that are not, strictly speaking, required. The list below documents the
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19 | reasons each package in the book has been included.</para>
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20 |
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21 | <itemizedlist>
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22 |
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23 | <listitem>
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24 | <para>Acl</para>
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25 |
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26 | <para>This package contains utilities to administer Access
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27 | Control Lists, which are used to define fine-grained
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28 | discretionary access rights for files and directories.
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29 | </para>
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30 | </listitem>
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31 |
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32 | <listitem>
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33 | <para>Attr</para>
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34 |
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35 | <para>This package contains programs for managing
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36 | extended attributes on file system objects.
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37 | </para>
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38 | </listitem>
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39 |
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40 | <listitem>
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41 | <para>Autoconf</para>
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42 |
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43 | <para>This package supplies programs for producing shell scripts that
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44 | can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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45 | template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after
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46 | the build procedure has been updated.</para>
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47 | </listitem>
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48 |
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>Automake</para>
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51 |
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52 | <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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53 | a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after
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54 | the build procedure has been updated.</para>
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55 | </listitem>
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56 |
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57 | <listitem>
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58 | <para>Bash</para>
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59 |
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60 | <para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
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61 | a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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62 | other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
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63 | capabilities.</para>
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64 | </listitem>
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65 |
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66 | <listitem>
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67 | <para>Bc</para>
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68 |
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69 | <para>This package provides an arbitrary precision numeric processing language.
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70 | It satisfies a requirement for building the Linux kernel.</para>
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71 | </listitem>
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72 |
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73 | <listitem>
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74 | <para>Binutils</para>
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75 |
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76 | <para>This package supplies a linker, an assembler, and other
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77 | tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
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78 | needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system.</para>
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79 | </listitem>
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80 |
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>Bison</para>
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83 |
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84 | <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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85 | Compiler Compiler) needed to build several of the LFS programs.</para>
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86 | </listitem>
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87 |
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88 | <listitem>
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89 | <para>Bzip2</para>
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90 |
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91 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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92 | files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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93 | </listitem>
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94 |
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95 | <listitem>
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96 | <para>Check</para>
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97 |
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98 | <para>This package provides a test harness for other programs.</para>
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99 | </listitem>
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100 |
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101 | <listitem>
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102 | <para>Coreutils</para>
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103 |
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104 | <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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105 | and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
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106 | command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
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107 | procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
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108 | </listitem>
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109 |
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110 | <listitem revision="systemd">
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111 | <para>D-Bus</para>
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112 |
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113 | <para>This package contains programs to implement a message bus system,
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114 | a simple way for applications to talk to one another.
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115 | </para>
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116 | </listitem>
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117 |
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118 | <listitem>
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119 | <para>DejaGNU</para>
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120 |
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121 | <para>This package supplies a framework for testing other programs.</para>
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122 | </listitem>
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123 |
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124 | <listitem>
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125 | <para>Diffutils</para>
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126 |
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127 | <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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128 | between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
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129 | patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
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130 | </listitem>
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131 |
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132 | <listitem>
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133 | <para>E2fsprogs</para>
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134 |
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135 | <para>This package supplies utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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136 | and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thoroughly
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137 | tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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138 | </listitem>
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139 |
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140 | <listitem>
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141 | <para>Expat</para>
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142 |
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143 | <para>This package yields a relatively small XML parsing library. It
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144 | is required by the XML::Parser Perl module.</para>
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145 | </listitem>
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146 |
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147 | <listitem>
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148 | <para>Expect</para>
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149 |
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150 | <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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151 | dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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152 | for testing other packages.</para>
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153 | </listitem>
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154 |
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155 | <listitem>
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156 | <para>File</para>
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157 |
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158 | <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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159 | given file or files. A few packages need it in their build scripts.</para>
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160 | </listitem>
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161 |
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162 | <listitem>
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163 | <para>Findutils</para>
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164 |
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165 | <para>This package provides programs to find files in a file system.
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166 | It is used in many packages' build scripts.</para>
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167 | </listitem>
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168 |
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169 | <listitem>
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170 | <para>Flex</para>
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171 |
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172 | <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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173 | recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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174 | (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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175 | LFS packages.</para>
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176 | </listitem>
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177 |
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178 | <listitem>
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179 | <para>Gawk</para>
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180 |
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181 | <para>This package supplies programs for manipulating text files.
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182 | It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan). It is used in
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183 | many other packages' build scripts.</para>
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184 | </listitem>
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185 |
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186 | <listitem>
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187 | <para>GCC</para>
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188 |
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189 | <para>This is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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190 | C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
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191 | </para>
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192 | </listitem>
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193 |
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194 | <listitem>
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195 | <para>GDBM</para>
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196 |
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197 | <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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198 | is used by one other LFS package, Man-DB.</para>
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199 | </listitem>
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200 |
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201 | <listitem>
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202 | <para>Gettext</para>
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203 |
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204 | <para>This package provides utilities and libraries for
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205 | the internationalization and localization of many packages.</para>
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206 | </listitem>
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207 |
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208 | <listitem>
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209 | <para>Glibc</para>
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210 |
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211 | <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs will
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212 | not run without it.</para>
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213 | </listitem>
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214 |
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215 | <listitem>
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216 | <para>GMP</para>
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217 |
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218 | <para>This package supplies math libraries that provide useful functions
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219 | for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It is needed to build GCC.</para>
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220 | </listitem>
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221 |
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222 | <listitem>
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223 | <para>Gperf</para>
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224 |
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225 | <para>This package produces a program that generates a perfect hash
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226 | function from a set of keys. It is required by
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227 | <phrase revision='sysv'>Udev</phrase>
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228 | <phrase revision='systemd'>Systemd</phrase>.</para>
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229 | </listitem>
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230 |
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231 | <listitem>
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232 | <para>Grep</para>
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233 |
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234 | <para>This package contains programs for searching through files. These
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235 | programs are used by most packages' build scripts.</para>
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236 | </listitem>
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237 |
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238 | <listitem>
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239 | <para>Groff</para>
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240 |
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241 | <para>This package contributes programs for processing and formatting text.
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242 | One important function of these programs is to format man pages.</para>
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243 | </listitem>
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244 |
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245 | <listitem>
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246 | <para>GRUB</para>
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247 |
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248 | <para>This is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is
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249 | the most flexible of several boot loaders available.
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250 | </para>
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251 | </listitem>
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252 |
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253 | <listitem>
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254 | <para>Gzip</para>
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255 |
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256 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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257 | decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages
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258 | in LFS.</para>
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259 | </listitem>
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260 |
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261 | <listitem>
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262 | <para>Iana-etc</para>
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263 |
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264 | <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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265 | It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.</para>
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266 | </listitem>
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267 |
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268 | <listitem>
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269 | <para>Inetutils</para>
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270 |
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271 | <para>This package supplies programs for basic network
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272 | administration.</para>
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273 | </listitem>
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274 |
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275 | <listitem>
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276 | <para>Intltool</para>
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277 |
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278 | <para>This package contributes tools for extracting translatable
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279 | strings from source files.</para>
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280 | </listitem>
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281 |
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282 | <listitem>
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283 | <para>IProute2</para>
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284 |
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285 | <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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286 | IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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287 | tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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288 | </listitem>
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289 |
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290 | <listitem revision="systemd">
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291 | <para>Jinja2</para>
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292 |
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293 | <para>This package is a Python module for text templating.
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294 | It's required to build Systemd.</para>
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295 | </listitem>
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296 |
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297 | <listitem>
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298 | <para>Kbd</para>
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299 |
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300 | <para>This package produces key-table files, keyboard utilities
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301 | for non-US keyboards, and a number of console fonts.</para>
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302 | </listitem>
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303 |
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304 | <listitem>
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305 | <para>Kmod</para>
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306 |
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307 | <para>This package supplies programs needed to administer Linux
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308 | kernel modules.</para>
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309 | </listitem>
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310 |
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311 | <listitem>
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312 | <para>Less</para>
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313 |
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314 | <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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315 | allows scrolling up or down when viewing a file.
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316 | Many packages use it for paging the output.</para>
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317 | </listitem>
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318 |
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319 | <listitem>
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320 | <para>Libcap</para>
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321 |
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322 | <para>This package implements the userspace interfaces to
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323 | the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities available in Linux kernels.
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324 | </para>
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325 | </listitem>
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326 |
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327 | <listitem>
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328 | <para>Libelf</para>
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329 |
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330 | <para>The elfutils project provides libraries and tools for ELF files
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331 | and DWARF data. Most utilities in this package are available in
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332 | other packages, but the library is needed to build the Linux
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333 | kernel using the default (and most efficient) configuration.</para>
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334 |
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335 | </listitem>
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336 |
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337 | <listitem>
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338 | <para>Libffi</para>
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339 |
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340 | <para>This package implements a portable, high level programming
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341 | interface to various calling conventions. Some programs may not know
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342 | at the time of compilation what arguments are to be passed to a
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343 | function. For instance, an interpreter may be told at run-time about
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344 | the number and types of arguments used to call a given function. Libffi
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345 | can be used in such programs to provide a bridge from the interpreter
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346 | program to compiled code.</para>
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347 |
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348 | </listitem>
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349 |
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350 | <listitem>
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351 | <para>Libpipeline</para>
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352 |
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353 | <para>The Libpipeline package supplies a library for manipulating
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354 | pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way. It is
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355 | required by the Man-DB package.</para>
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356 | </listitem>
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357 |
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358 | <listitem>
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359 | <para>Libtool</para>
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360 |
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361 | <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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362 | script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries into a
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363 | consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
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364 | suites in other LFS packages.</para>
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365 | </listitem>
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366 |
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367 | <listitem>
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368 | <para>Libxcrypt</para>
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369 |
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370 | <para>This package provides the
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371 | <systemitem class='library'>libcrypt</systemitem> library
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372 | needed by various packages (notably, Shadow) for hashing passwords.
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373 | It replaces the obsolete
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374 | <systemitem class='library'>libcrypt</systemitem> implementation in
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375 | Glibc.</para>
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376 | </listitem>
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377 |
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378 | <listitem>
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379 | <para>Linux Kernel</para>
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380 |
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381 | <para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
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382 | the GNU/Linux environment.</para>
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383 | </listitem>
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384 |
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385 | <listitem>
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386 | <para>M4</para>
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387 |
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388 | <para>This package provides a general text macro processor useful
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389 | as a build tool for other programs.</para>
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390 | </listitem>
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391 |
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392 | <listitem>
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393 | <para>Make</para>
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394 |
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395 | <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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396 | of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.</para>
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397 | </listitem>
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398 |
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399 | <listitem revision="systemd">
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400 | <para>MarkupSafe</para>
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401 |
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402 | <para>This package is a Python module for processing strings in
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403 | HTML/XHTML/XML safely. Jinja2 requires this package.</para>
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404 | </listitem>
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405 |
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406 | <listitem>
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407 | <para>Man-DB</para>
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408 |
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409 | <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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410 | It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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411 | because of its superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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412 | the man program.</para>
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413 | </listitem>
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414 |
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415 | <listitem>
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416 | <para>Man-pages</para>
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417 |
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418 | <para>This package provides the actual contents of the basic
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419 | Linux man pages.</para>
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420 | </listitem>
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421 |
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422 | <listitem>
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423 | <para>Meson</para>
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424 |
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425 | <para>This package provides a software tool for automating the building
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426 | of software. The main goal of Meson is to minimize the amount of time
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427 | that software developers need to spend configuring a build
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428 | system. It's required to build Systemd, as well as many BLFS
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429 | packages.</para>
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430 |
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431 | </listitem>
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432 |
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433 | <listitem>
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434 | <para>MPC</para>
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435 |
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436 | <para>This package supplies arithmetic functions for complex
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437 | numbers. It is required by GCC.</para>
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438 | </listitem>
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439 |
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440 | <listitem>
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441 | <para>MPFR</para>
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442 |
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443 | <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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444 | arithmetic. It is required by GCC.</para>
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445 | </listitem>
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446 |
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447 | <listitem>
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448 | <para>Ninja</para>
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449 |
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450 | <para>This package furnishes a small build system with a focus on speed.
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451 | It is designed to have its input files generated by a higher-level build
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452 | system, and to run builds as fast as possible.
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453 | This package is required by Meson.</para>
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454 |
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455 | </listitem>
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456 |
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457 | <listitem>
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458 | <para>Ncurses</para>
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459 |
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460 | <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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461 | handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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462 | cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
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463 | the packages in LFS.</para>
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464 | </listitem>
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465 |
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466 | <listitem>
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467 | <para>Openssl</para>
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468 |
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469 | <para>This package provides management tools and libraries relating to
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470 | cryptography. These supply cryptographic functions to
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471 | other packages, including the Linux kernel.</para>
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472 | </listitem>
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473 |
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474 | <listitem>
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475 | <para>Patch</para>
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476 |
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477 | <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
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478 | applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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479 | by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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480 | the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
|
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481 | </listitem>
|
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482 |
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483 | <listitem>
|
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484 | <para>Perl</para>
|
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485 |
|
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486 | <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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487 | PERL. It is needed for the installation and test suites of several LFS
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488 | packages.</para>
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489 | </listitem>
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490 |
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491 | <listitem>
|
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492 | <para>Pkgconf</para>
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493 |
|
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494 | <para>This package contains a program which helps to configure
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495 | compiler and linker flags for development libraries. The program
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496 | can be used as a drop-in replacement of
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497 | <command>pkg-config</command>, which is needed by the building
|
---|
498 | system of many packages. It's maintained more actively and slightly
|
---|
499 | faster than the original Pkg-config package.</para>
|
---|
500 | </listitem>
|
---|
501 |
|
---|
502 | <listitem>
|
---|
503 | <para>Procps-NG</para>
|
---|
504 |
|
---|
505 | <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes. These
|
---|
506 | programs are useful for system administration, and are also used by
|
---|
507 | the LFS Bootscripts.</para>
|
---|
508 | </listitem>
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | <listitem>
|
---|
511 | <para>Psmisc</para>
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | <para>This package produces programs for displaying information
|
---|
514 | about running processes. These programs are useful for system
|
---|
515 | administration.</para>
|
---|
516 | </listitem>
|
---|
517 |
|
---|
518 | <listitem>
|
---|
519 | <para>Python 3</para>
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | <para>This package provides an interpreted language that has a design
|
---|
522 | philosophy emphasizing code readability.</para>
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | </listitem>
|
---|
525 |
|
---|
526 | <listitem>
|
---|
527 | <para>Readline</para>
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | <para>This package is a set of libraries that offer command-line
|
---|
530 | editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
|
---|
531 | </listitem>
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | <listitem>
|
---|
534 | <para>Sed</para>
|
---|
535 |
|
---|
536 | <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
|
---|
537 | text editor. It is also needed by many LFS packages' configure
|
---|
538 | scripts.</para>
|
---|
539 | </listitem>
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | <listitem>
|
---|
542 | <para>Shadow</para>
|
---|
543 |
|
---|
544 | <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
|
---|
545 | securely.</para>
|
---|
546 | </listitem>
|
---|
547 |
|
---|
548 | <listitem revision="sysv">
|
---|
549 | <para>Sysklogd</para>
|
---|
550 |
|
---|
551 | <para>This package supplies programs for logging system messages,
|
---|
552 | such as those emitted by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
|
---|
553 | events occur.</para>
|
---|
554 | </listitem>
|
---|
555 |
|
---|
556 | <listitem revision="systemd">
|
---|
557 | <para>Systemd</para>
|
---|
558 |
|
---|
559 | <para>This package provides an <application>init</application> program
|
---|
560 | and several additional boot and system control capabilities as an
|
---|
561 | alternative to SysVinit. It is used by many Linux distributions.
|
---|
562 | </para>
|
---|
563 | </listitem>
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | <listitem revision="sysv">
|
---|
566 | <para>SysVinit</para>
|
---|
567 |
|
---|
568 | <para>This package provides the <application>init</application>
|
---|
569 | program, the parent of all the other processes on a running Linux
|
---|
570 | system. </para>
|
---|
571 | </listitem>
|
---|
572 |
|
---|
573 | <listitem revision="sysv">
|
---|
574 | <para>Udev</para>
|
---|
575 |
|
---|
576 | <para>This package is a device manager. It dynamically controls the
|
---|
577 | ownership, permissions, names, and symbolic links of device nodes in
|
---|
578 | the /dev directory when devices are added to or removed from the
|
---|
579 | system.</para>
|
---|
580 | </listitem>
|
---|
581 |
|
---|
582 | <listitem>
|
---|
583 | <para>Tar</para>
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
|
---|
586 | of virtually all the packages used in LFS.</para>
|
---|
587 | </listitem>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <listitem>
|
---|
590 | <para>Tcl</para>
|
---|
591 |
|
---|
592 | <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
|
---|
593 | in many test suites.</para>
|
---|
594 | </listitem>
|
---|
595 |
|
---|
596 | <listitem>
|
---|
597 | <para>Texinfo</para>
|
---|
598 |
|
---|
599 | <para>This package supplies programs for reading, writing, and
|
---|
600 | converting info pages. It is used in the installation
|
---|
601 | procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
|
---|
602 | </listitem>
|
---|
603 |
|
---|
604 | <listitem>
|
---|
605 | <para>Util-linux</para>
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
|
---|
608 | Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
|
---|
609 | partitions, and messages.</para>
|
---|
610 | </listitem>
|
---|
611 |
|
---|
612 | <listitem>
|
---|
613 | <para>Vim</para>
|
---|
614 |
|
---|
615 | <para>This package provides an editor. It was chosen because of its
|
---|
616 | compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
|
---|
617 | capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
|
---|
618 | many users. Any other editor can be substituted, if you wish.</para>
|
---|
619 | </listitem>
|
---|
620 |
|
---|
621 | <listitem>
|
---|
622 | <para>Wheel</para>
|
---|
623 |
|
---|
624 | <para>This package supplies a Python module that is the
|
---|
625 | reference implementation of the Python wheel packaging standard.
|
---|
626 | </para>
|
---|
627 | </listitem>
|
---|
628 |
|
---|
629 | <listitem>
|
---|
630 | <para>XML::Parser</para>
|
---|
631 |
|
---|
632 | <para>This package is a Perl module that interfaces with Expat.</para>
|
---|
633 | </listitem>
|
---|
634 |
|
---|
635 | <listitem>
|
---|
636 | <para>XZ Utils</para>
|
---|
637 |
|
---|
638 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
|
---|
639 | files. It provides the highest compression generally available
|
---|
640 | and is useful for decompressing packages in XZ or LZMA format.</para>
|
---|
641 | </listitem>
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | <listitem>
|
---|
644 | <para>Zlib</para>
|
---|
645 |
|
---|
646 | <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
---|
647 | used by some programs.</para>
|
---|
648 | </listitem>
|
---|
649 |
|
---|
650 | <listitem>
|
---|
651 | <para>Zstd</para>
|
---|
652 |
|
---|
653 | <para>This package supplies compression and decompression routines
|
---|
654 | used by some programs. It provides high compression ratios and a very
|
---|
655 | wide range of compression / speed trade-offs.</para>
|
---|
656 | </listitem>
|
---|
657 |
|
---|
658 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
659 |
|
---|
660 | </sect1>
|
---|
661 |
|
---|