Changeset 373a708


Ignore:
Timestamp:
06/17/2005 01:13:15 AM (19 years ago)
Author:
Archaic <archaic@…>
Branches:
6.1, 6.1.1
Children:
288dd8a
Parents:
a9c15b5
Message:

Several minor grammatical fixes. (merged from trunk r6011)

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/6.1/BOOK@6041 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

Files:
25 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml

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    4949to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from
    5050the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve
    51 this easily, wrap the four commands in a <command>time</command>
    52 command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; ...
    53 &amp;&amp; ... &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
     51this easily, wrap the three commands in a <command>time</command>
     52command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; make
     53&amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
    5454
    5555<para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>

  • chapter06/automake.xml

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    9797in the top-level directory. By scanning the
    9898<filename>configure.in</filename> file, it automatically finds each
    99 appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generate the
     99appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generates the
    100100corresponding <filename>Makefile.in</filename> file</para>
    101101<indexterm zone="ch-system-automake automake"><primary sortas="b-automake">automake</primary></indexterm>

  • chapter06/bash.xml

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    103103<term><command>bashbug</command></term>
    104104<listitem>
    105 <para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
    106 concerning <command>bash</command> in a standard format</para>
     105<para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail standard formatted bug
     106reports concerning <command>bash</command>.</para>
    107107<indexterm zone="ch-system-bash bashbug"><primary sortas="b-bashbug">bashbug</primary></indexterm>
    108108</listitem>

  • chapter06/binutils.xml

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    6767<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
    6868
    69 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
    70 ultimately be located) is set to <filename
    71 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>, which
    72 expands into <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>.
    73 Because this is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
    74 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. This setup would be
    75 used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
    76 package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
    77 on PowerPC machines).</para>
     69<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
     70be located) is set to <filename
     71class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
     72machines would expand that to <filename
     73class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
     74system, this target-specific directory in <filename
     75class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
     76class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
     77system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
     78machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
    7879
    7980<beginpage/>

  • chapter06/bzip2.xml

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    1212<sect2 role="package"><title/>
    1313<para>The Bzip2 package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
    14 files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yield a much better
     14files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yields a much better
    1515compression percentage than with the traditional <command>gzip</command>.</para>
    1616
    … …  
    7878<seglistitem><seg>bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff,
    7979bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless, and bzmore</seg>
    80 <seg>libbz2.a, libbz2.so (link to libbz2.so.1.0), libbz2.so.1.0 (link to
    81 libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;), and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem>
     80<seg>libbz2.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
    8281</segmentedlist>
    8382

  • chapter06/chroot.xml

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    4646
    4747<para>It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder
    48 of this chapter and the following chapters be run from within the
     48of this chapter and the following chapters are run from within the
    4949chroot environment. If you leave this environment for any reason
    5050(rebooting for example), remember to first mount the <systemitem

  • chapter06/coreutils.xml

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    5151<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
    5252
    53 <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
    54 presence of files and users that are not valid this early in the LFS
    55 build. Therefore, additional items need to be set up before running
    56 the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
     53<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several invalid assumptions about the
     54presence of system users and groups. Therefore, additional items need to be set
     55up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
    5756not running the test suite.</para>
    5857
    59 <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user name:</para>
     58<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
    6059
    6160<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group

  • chapter06/createfiles.xml

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    88<?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
    99
    10 <para>Some programs hard-wire paths to programs which do not yet
     10<para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not yet
    1111exist. In order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic
    1212links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of

  • chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

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    88<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
    99
    10 <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system.
    11 Create a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a
    12 standard tree:</para>
     10<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
     11standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
    1312 
    1413<screen><userinput>install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
    … …  
    4443class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
    4544class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
    46 other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
     45another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
    4746so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777
    4847bit mask.</para>

  • chapter06/devices.xml

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    2525<title>Mounting ramfs and Populating /dev</title>
    2626
    27 <para>The ideal way to populate <filename
    28 class="directory">/dev</filename> is to mount a <systemitem
    29 class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> onto <filename
    30 class="directory">/dev</filename>, like <systemitem
    31 class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>, and create the devices on there
    32 during each bootup. Since the system has not been booted, it is
    33 necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do and populate
    34 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>. Begin by mounting
    35 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
     27<para>The recommended method of populating the <filename
     28class="directory">/dev</filename> directory with devices is to mount a virtual
     29filesystem (such as <systemitem class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> or
     30<systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename
     31class="directory">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be created
     32dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or accessed. This is
     33generally done during the boot process. Since this new system has not been
     34booted, it is necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do by
     35mounting <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
    3636
    3737<screen><userinput>mount -n -t ramfs none /dev</userinput></screen>
    3838
    39 <!-- Edit Me -->
    40 <para>Since the Udev package will not be installed until later on in the
    41 process, create a minimal set of device nodes used for building:</para>
     39<para>The Udev package is what actually creates the devices in the <filename
     40class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. Since it will not be installed
     41until later on in the process, manually create the minimal set of device nodes
     42needed to complete the building of this system:</para>
    4243
    4344<screen><userinput>mknod -m 622 /dev/console c 5 1

  • chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml

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    255255<term><command>mk_cmds</command></term>
    256256<listitem>
    257 <para>Converts a table of command names and helps messages into a C
     257<para>Converts a table of command names and help messages into a C
    258258source file suitable for use with the <filename
    259259class="libraryfile">libss</filename> subsystem library</para>

  • chapter06/gcc.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    4848<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../gcc-&gcc-version;-linkonce-1.patch</userinput></screen>
    4949
    50 <para>Apply a sed substitution that will suppress the installation of
    51 <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The version of
    52 <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
     50<para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
     51installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
     52version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
    5353Binutils will be used instead:</para>
    5454
    … …  
    8888<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    8989
    90 <para>Some packages expect the C PreProcessor to be installed in the
     90<para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
    9191<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
    9292To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>

  • chapter06/glibc.xml

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    411411<term><command>mtrace</command></term>
    412412<listitem>
    413 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
    414 ouputs a summary in human-readable format</para>
     413<para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
    415414<indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace"><primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary></indexterm>
    416415</listitem>
    … …  
    636635<para>The Name Service Switch libraries,
    637636containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names,
    638 aliases, services, protocols, etc</para>
     637aliases, services, protocols, etc.</para>
    639638<indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss"><primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary></indexterm>
    640639</listitem>

  • chapter06/groff.xml

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    172172<listitem>
    173173<para>Is a driver for <command>groff</command> that produces output
    174 in PCL5 format suitable for an HP Laserjet 4 printer</para>
     174in PCL5 format suitable for an HP LaserJet 4 printer</para>
    175175<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4"><primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary></indexterm>
    176176</listitem>
    … …  
    295295<term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
    296296<listitem>
    297 <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
     297<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
    298298<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
    299299</listitem>
    … …  
    303303<term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
    304304<listitem>
    305 <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
     305<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
    306306<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
    307307</listitem>

  • chapter06/gzip.xml

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    3030<title>Installation of Gzip</title>
    3131
    32 <para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilites.  The following patch
     32<para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilities.  The following patch
    3333addresses both of them:</para>
    3434
    … …  
    5454<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    5555
    56 <para>Move the programs to the <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory:</para>
     56<para>Move the <command>gzip</command>program to the <filename
     57class="directory">/bin</filename> directory and create some commonly used
     58symlinks to it:</para>
    5759
    5860<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/gzip /bin

  • chapter06/hotplug.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    8282sortas="b-hotplug">hotplug</primary></indexterm>
    8383<para>This script is called by default by the Linux kernel when something
    84 changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or removed)</para>
     84changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or an existing device
     85is removed)</para>
    8586</listitem>
    8687</varlistentry>

  • chapter06/iproute2.xml

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    111111        </term>
    112112        <listitem>
    113           <para>Shows the interfaces statistic, including the amount of transmitted
     113          <para>Shows the interface statistics, including the amount of transmitted
    114114                and received packages by interface</para>
    115115          <indexterm zone="ch-system-iproute2 ifstat">

  • chapter06/make.xml

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    1111
    1212<sect2 role="package"><title/>
    13 <para>The Make package contains a program for compiling large packages.</para>
     13<para>The Make package contains a program for compiling packages.</para>
    1414
    1515<segmentedlist>

  • chapter06/module-init-tools.xml

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    7979</varlistentry>
    8080
    81 <varlistentry id="genksyms">
    82 <term><command>genksyms</command></term>
    83 <listitem>
    84 <para>Generates symbol version information</para>
    85 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools genksyms"><primary sortas="b-genksyms">genksyms</primary></indexterm>
    86 </listitem>
    87 </varlistentry>
    88 
    8981<varlistentry id="insmod">
    9082<term><command>insmod</command></term>
    … …  
    9587</varlistentry>
    9688
    97 <varlistentry id="insmod_ksymoops_clean">
    98 <term><command>insmod_ksymoops_clean</command></term>
     89<varlistentry id="insmod.static">
     90<term><command>insmod.static</command></term>
    9991<listitem>
    100 <para>Deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed for two days</para>
    101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod_ksymoops_clean"><primary sortas="b-insmod_ksymoops_clean">insmod_ksymoops_clean</primary></indexterm>
    102 </listitem>
    103 </varlistentry>
    104 
    105 <varlistentry id="kallsyms">
    106 <term><command>kallsyms</command></term>
    107 <listitem>
    108 <para>Extracts all kernel symbols for debugging</para>
    109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kallsyms"><primary sortas="b-kallsyms">kallsyms</primary></indexterm>
    110 </listitem>
    111 </varlistentry>
    112 
    113 <varlistentry id="kernelversion">
    114 <term><command>kernelversion</command></term>
    115 <listitem>
    116 <para>Reports the major version of the running kernel</para>
    117 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kernelversion"><primary sortas="b-kernelversion">kernelversion</primary></indexterm>
    118 </listitem>
    119 </varlistentry>
    120 
    121 <varlistentry id="ksyms">
    122 <term><command>ksyms</command></term>
    123 <listitem>
    124 <para>Displays exported kernel symbols</para>
    125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools ksyms"><primary sortas="b-ksyms">ksyms</primary></indexterm>
     92<para>A static version of insmod</para>
     93<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod.static"><primary
     94sortas="b-insmod.static">insmod.static</primary></indexterm>
    12695</listitem>
    12796</varlistentry>

  • chapter06/perl.xml

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    153153<term><command>perl</command></term>
    154154<listitem>
    155 <para>Combines some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into a
    156 single swiss-army language</para>
     155<para>Combines some of the best features of C, <command>sed</command>,
     156<command>awk</command> and <command>sh</command> into a single swiss-army
     157language</para>
    157158<indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perl"><primary sortas="b-perl">perl</primary></indexterm>
    158159</listitem>
    … …  
    298299<term><command>s2p</command></term>
    299300<listitem>
    300 <para>Translates sed to Perl</para>
     301<para>Translates <command>sed</command> scripts to Perl</para>
    301302<indexterm zone="ch-system-perl s2p"><primary sortas="b-s2p">s2p</primary></indexterm>
    302303</listitem>

  • chapter06/pwdgroup.xml

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    1616
    1717<para>In order for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login
    18 and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to
    19 be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
     18and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there must be relevant
     19entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
    2020<filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
    2121
    … …  
    7070<screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
    7171
    72 <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This
    73 tells <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing.
    74 Without this directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the
    75 paths to binaries it has executed. In order to use the newly compiled
    76 binaries as soon as they are installed, turn off this function for the
    77 duration of this chapter.</para>
     72<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
     73<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
     74directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it has
     75executed. In ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they are
     76installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the duration
     77of this chapter.</para>
    7878
    7979<beginpage/>

  • chapter06/readline.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    6767<screen><userinput>mv /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
    6868
    69 <para>Next we will remove the old, <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
     69<para>Next we will remove the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
    7070<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and relink them into
    7171<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.</para>

  • chapter06/texinfo.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    124124<listitem>
    125125<para>Translates the given Texinfo source documents into
    126 info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
     126Info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
    127127<indexterm zone="ch-system-texinfo makeinfo"><primary sortas="b-makeinfo">makeinfo</primary></indexterm>
    128128</listitem>

  • chapter06/vim.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    8585<screen><userinput>ln -s vim /usr/bin/vi</userinput></screen>
    8686
    87 <para>If the X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
     87<para>If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
    8888system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim
    8989comes with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some

  • chapter06/zlib.xml

    ra9c15b5 r373a708  
    5151<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    5252
    53 <para>Next we will remove the old <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
    54 the <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory and relink them
    55 into <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
     53<para>The previous command installed a <filename
     54class="extension">.so</filename> file in <filename
     55class="directory">/lib</filename>. We will remove it and relink it into
     56<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
    5657
    5758<screen><userinput>rm /lib/libz.so
    … …  
    8283<segmentedlist>
    8384<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
    84 <seglistitem><seg>libz[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
     85<seglistitem><seg>libz.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
    8586</segmentedlist>
    8687
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