Changeset 37e35d2 for chapter06/coreutils.xml
- Timestamp:
- 06/29/2020 07:55:01 AM (4 years ago)
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chapter06/coreutils.xml
rd4fdde6 r37e35d2 6 6 ]> 7 7 8 <sect1 id="ch- system-coreutils" role="wrap">8 <sect1 id="ch-tools-coreutils" role="wrap"> 9 9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?> 10 10 … … 17 17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title> 18 18 19 <indexterm zone="ch- system-coreutils">19 <indexterm zone="ch-tools-coreutils"> 20 20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary> 21 <secondary>tools</secondary> 21 22 </indexterm> 22 23 … … 24 25 <title/> 25 26 26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the 27 basic system characteristics.</para> 27 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" 28 href="../chapter08/coreutils.xml" 29 xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> 28 30 29 31 <segmentedlist> … … 32 34 33 35 <seglistitem> 34 <seg>&coreutils- ch6-sbu;</seg>35 <seg>&coreutils- ch6-du;</seg>36 <seg>&coreutils-tmp-sbu;</seg> 37 <seg>&coreutils-tmp-du;</seg> 36 38 </seglistitem> 37 39 </segmentedlist> … … 42 44 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title> 43 45 44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character 45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes 46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para> 46 <para>Prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para> 47 47 48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen> 49 50 <note> 51 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new 52 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible 53 without this patch.</para> 54 </note> 55 56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of 57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been 58 picked up in this package --> 59 <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para> 60 61 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen> 62 63 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para> 64 65 <screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv 66 FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \ 67 --prefix=/usr \ 48 <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \ 49 --host=$LFS_TGT \ 50 --build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \ 51 --enable-install-program=hostname \ 68 52 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen> 69 53 … … 72 56 73 57 <varlistentry> 74 <term>< command>autoreconf</command></term>58 <term><envar>--enable-install-program=hostname</envar></term> 75 59 <listitem> 76 <para>This command updates generated configuration files 77 consistent with the latest version of automake. 78 </para> 79 </listitem> 80 </varlistentry> 81 82 <varlistentry> 83 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term> 84 <listitem> 85 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be 86 built as the root user. 87 </para> 88 </listitem> 89 </varlistentry> 90 91 <varlistentry> 92 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term> 93 <listitem> 94 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from 95 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later. 96 </para> 60 <para>This enables the <command>hostname</command> binary to be built 61 and installed – it is disabled by default but is required by the 62 Perl test suite.</para> 97 63 </listitem> 98 64 </varlistentry> … … 103 69 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen> 104 70 105 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the106 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>107 108 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are109 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>110 111 <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>112 113 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the114 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests,115 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that116 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the117 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>118 119 <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" >> /etc/group</userinput></screen>120 121 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and122 run the tests:</para>123 124 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>125 126 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>127 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>128 129 <screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>130 <!--131 <para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a132 partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but133 passes if run at the end of this chapter. The test program tty.sh is134 also known to fail.</para>135 -->136 137 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>138 139 <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>140 71 <para>Install the package:</para> 141 72 142 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen> 73 <screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$LFS install</userinput></screen> 74 <!-- 75 <para>The above command refuses to install <filename>su</filename> 76 because the program cannot be installed setuid root as a non-privileged 77 user. By manually installing it, we can use it for running tests in the 78 final system as a non-privileged user. Install it with:</para> 143 79 144 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para> 80 <screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v src/su /tools/bin</userinput></screen> 81 --> 82 <para>Move programs to their final expected locations. Although this is 83 not necessary in this temporary environment, we must do so because some 84 programs harcode executable locations:</para> 145 85 146 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin 147 mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin 148 mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin 149 mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin 150 mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 151 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen> 152 153 <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package 154 depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>, 155 <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename 156 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and 157 late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to 158 maintain FHS compliance:</para> 159 160 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen> 86 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} $LFS/bin 87 mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} $LFS/bin 88 mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} $LFS/bin 89 mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} $LFS/bin 90 mv -v $LFS/usr/bin/chroot $LFS/usr/sbin 91 mkdir -pv $LFS/usr/share/man/man8 92 mv -v $LFS/usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 93 sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' $LFS/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen> 161 94 162 95 </sect2> 163 96 164 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils"role="content">165 <title >Contents of Coreutils</title>97 <sect2 role="content"> 98 <title/> 166 99 167 <segmentedlist> 168 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> 169 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle> 170 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle> 171 172 <seglistitem> 173 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, 174 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, 175 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, 176 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, 177 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, 178 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, 179 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, 180 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, 181 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, 182 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and 183 yes</seg> 184 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg> 185 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg> 186 </seglistitem> 187 </segmentedlist> 188 189 <variablelist> 190 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> 191 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> 192 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> 193 194 <varlistentry id="base32"> 195 <term><command>base32</command></term> 196 <listitem> 197 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification 198 (RFC 4648)</para> 199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64"> 200 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary> 201 </indexterm> 202 </listitem> 203 </varlistentry> 204 205 <varlistentry id="base64"> 206 <term><command>base64</command></term> 207 <listitem> 208 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification 209 (RFC 4648)</para> 210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64"> 211 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary> 212 </indexterm> 213 </listitem> 214 </varlistentry> 215 216 <varlistentry id="b2sum"> 217 <term><command>b2sum</command></term> 218 <listitem> 219 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para> 220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum"> 221 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary> 222 </indexterm> 223 </listitem> 224 </varlistentry> 225 226 <varlistentry id="basename"> 227 <term><command>basename</command></term> 228 <listitem> 229 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para> 230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"> 231 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary> 232 </indexterm> 233 </listitem> 234 </varlistentry> 235 236 <varlistentry id="basenc"> 237 <term><command>basenc</command></term> 238 <listitem> 239 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para> 240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc"> 241 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary> 242 </indexterm> 243 </listitem> 244 </varlistentry> 245 246 <varlistentry id="cat"> 247 <term><command>cat</command></term> 248 <listitem> 249 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para> 250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"> 251 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary> 252 </indexterm> 253 </listitem> 254 </varlistentry> 255 256 <varlistentry id="chcon"> 257 <term><command>chcon</command></term> 258 <listitem> 259 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para> 260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon"> 261 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary> 262 </indexterm> 263 </listitem> 264 </varlistentry> 265 266 <varlistentry id="chgrp"> 267 <term><command>chgrp</command></term> 268 <listitem> 269 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para> 270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"> 271 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary> 272 </indexterm> 273 </listitem> 274 </varlistentry> 275 276 <varlistentry id="chmod"> 277 <term><command>chmod</command></term> 278 <listitem> 279 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode 280 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an 281 octal number representing the new permissions</para> 282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"> 283 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary> 284 </indexterm> 285 </listitem> 286 </varlistentry> 287 288 <varlistentry id="chown"> 289 <term><command>chown</command></term> 290 <listitem> 291 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and 292 directories</para> 293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"> 294 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary> 295 </indexterm> 296 </listitem> 297 </varlistentry> 298 299 <varlistentry id="chroot"> 300 <term><command>chroot</command></term> 301 <listitem> 302 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the 303 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para> 304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"> 305 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary> 306 </indexterm> 307 </listitem> 308 </varlistentry> 309 310 <varlistentry id="cksum"> 311 <term><command>cksum</command></term> 312 <listitem> 313 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte 314 counts of each specified file</para> 315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"> 316 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary> 317 </indexterm> 318 </listitem> 319 </varlistentry> 320 321 <varlistentry id="comm"> 322 <term><command>comm</command></term> 323 <listitem> 324 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines 325 that are unique and the lines that are common</para> 326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"> 327 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary> 328 </indexterm> 329 </listitem> 330 </varlistentry> 331 332 <varlistentry id="cp"> 333 <term><command>cp</command></term> 334 <listitem> 335 <para>Copies files</para> 336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"> 337 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary> 338 </indexterm> 339 </listitem> 340 </varlistentry> 341 342 <varlistentry id="csplit"> 343 <term><command>csplit</command></term> 344 <listitem> 345 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them 346 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte 347 count of each new file</para> 348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"> 349 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary> 350 </indexterm> 351 </listitem> 352 </varlistentry> 353 354 <varlistentry id="cut"> 355 <term><command>cut</command></term> 356 <listitem> 357 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given 358 fields or positions</para> 359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"> 360 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary> 361 </indexterm> 362 </listitem> 363 </varlistentry> 364 365 <varlistentry id="date"> 366 <term><command>date</command></term> 367 <listitem> 368 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the 369 system date</para> 370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"> 371 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary> 372 </indexterm> 373 </listitem> 374 </varlistentry> 375 376 <varlistentry id="dd"> 377 <term><command>dd</command> </term> 378 <listitem> 379 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while 380 optionally performing conversions on it</para> 381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"> 382 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary> 383 </indexterm> 384 </listitem> 385 </varlistentry> 386 387 <varlistentry id="df"> 388 <term><command>df</command></term> 389 <listitem> 390 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all 391 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected 392 files</para> 393 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"> 394 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary> 395 </indexterm> 396 </listitem> 397 </varlistentry> 398 399 <varlistentry id="dir"> 400 <term><command>dir</command></term> 401 <listitem> 402 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as 403 the <command>ls</command> command)</para> 404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"> 405 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary> 406 </indexterm> 407 </listitem> 408 </varlistentry> 409 410 <varlistentry id="dircolors"> 411 <term><command>dircolors</command></term> 412 <listitem> 413 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar> 414 environment variable to change the color scheme used by 415 <command>ls</command></para> 416 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"> 417 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary> 418 </indexterm> 419 </listitem> 420 </varlistentry> 421 422 <varlistentry id="dirname"> 423 <term><command>dirname</command></term> 424 <listitem> 425 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para> 426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"> 427 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary> 428 </indexterm> 429 </listitem> 430 </varlistentry> 431 432 <varlistentry id="du"> 433 <term><command>du</command></term> 434 <listitem> 435 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory, 436 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by 437 each of the given files</para> 438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"> 439 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary> 440 </indexterm> 441 </listitem> 442 </varlistentry> 443 444 <varlistentry id="echo"> 445 <term><command>echo</command></term> 446 <listitem> 447 <para>Displays the given strings</para> 448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"> 449 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary> 450 </indexterm> 451 </listitem> 452 </varlistentry> 453 454 <varlistentry id="env"> 455 <term><command>env</command></term> 456 <listitem> 457 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para> 458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"> 459 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary> 460 </indexterm> 461 </listitem> 462 </varlistentry> 463 464 <varlistentry id="expand"> 465 <term><command>expand</command></term> 466 <listitem> 467 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para> 468 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"> 469 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary> 470 </indexterm> 471 </listitem> 472 </varlistentry> 473 474 <varlistentry id="expr"> 475 <term><command>expr</command></term> 476 <listitem> 477 <para>Evaluates expressions</para> 478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"> 479 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary> 480 </indexterm> 481 </listitem> 482 </varlistentry> 483 484 <varlistentry id="factor"> 485 <term><command>factor</command></term> 486 <listitem> 487 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para> 488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"> 489 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary> 490 </indexterm> 491 </listitem> 492 </varlistentry> 493 494 <varlistentry id="false"> 495 <term><command>false</command></term> 496 <listitem> 497 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code 498 indicating failure</para> 499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"> 500 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary> 501 </indexterm> 502 </listitem> 503 </varlistentry> 504 505 <varlistentry id="fmt"> 506 <term><command>fmt</command></term> 507 <listitem> 508 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para> 509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt"> 510 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary> 511 </indexterm> 512 </listitem> 513 </varlistentry> 514 515 <varlistentry id="fold"> 516 <term><command>fold</command></term> 517 <listitem> 518 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para> 519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"> 520 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary> 521 </indexterm> 522 </listitem> 523 </varlistentry> 524 525 <varlistentry id="groups"> 526 <term><command>groups</command></term> 527 <listitem> 528 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para> 529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups"> 530 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary> 531 </indexterm> 532 </listitem> 533 </varlistentry> 534 535 <varlistentry id="head"> 536 <term><command>head</command></term> 537 <listitem> 538 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) 539 of each given file</para> 540 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"> 541 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary> 542 </indexterm> 543 </listitem> 544 </varlistentry> 545 546 <varlistentry id="hostid"> 547 <term><command>hostid</command></term> 548 <listitem> 549 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para> 550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"> 551 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary> 552 </indexterm> 553 </listitem> 554 </varlistentry> 555 556 <varlistentry id="id"> 557 <term><command>id</command></term> 558 <listitem> 559 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships 560 of the current user or specified user</para> 561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"> 562 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary> 563 </indexterm> 564 </listitem> 565 </varlistentry> 566 567 <varlistentry id="install"> 568 <term><command>install</command> </term> 569 <listitem> 570 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if 571 possible, their owner and group</para> 572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"> 573 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary> 574 </indexterm> 575 </listitem> 576 </varlistentry> 577 578 <varlistentry id="join"> 579 <term><command>join</command></term> 580 <listitem> 581 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two 582 separate files</para> 583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"> 584 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary> 585 </indexterm> 586 </listitem> 587 </varlistentry> 588 589 <varlistentry id="link"> 590 <term><command>link</command></term> 591 <listitem> 592 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para> 593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"> 594 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary> 595 </indexterm> 596 </listitem> 597 </varlistentry> 598 599 <varlistentry id="ln"> 600 <term><command>ln</command></term> 601 <listitem> 602 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para> 603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"> 604 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary> 605 </indexterm> 606 </listitem> 607 </varlistentry> 608 609 <varlistentry id="logname"> 610 <term><command>logname</command></term> 611 <listitem> 612 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para> 613 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"> 614 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary> 615 </indexterm> 616 </listitem> 617 </varlistentry> 618 619 <varlistentry id="ls"> 620 <term><command>ls</command></term> 621 <listitem> 622 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para> 623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"> 624 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary> 625 </indexterm> 626 </listitem> 627 </varlistentry> 628 629 <varlistentry id="md5sum"> 630 <term><command>md5sum</command></term> 631 <listitem> 632 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para> 633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"> 634 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary> 635 </indexterm> 636 </listitem> 637 </varlistentry> 638 639 <varlistentry id="mkdir"> 640 <term><command>mkdir</command></term> 641 <listitem> 642 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para> 643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"> 644 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary> 645 </indexterm> 646 </listitem> 647 </varlistentry> 648 649 <varlistentry id="mkfifo"> 650 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term> 651 <listitem> 652 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named 653 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para> 654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"> 655 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary> 656 </indexterm> 657 </listitem> 658 </varlistentry> 659 660 <varlistentry id="mknod"> 661 <term><command>mknod</command></term> 662 <listitem> 663 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a 664 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para> 665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"> 666 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary> 667 </indexterm> 668 </listitem> 669 </varlistentry> 670 671 <varlistentry id="mktemp"> 672 <term><command>mktemp</command></term> 673 <listitem> 674 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para> 675 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp"> 676 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary> 677 </indexterm> 678 </listitem> 679 </varlistentry> 680 681 <varlistentry id="mv"> 682 <term><command>mv</command></term> 683 <listitem> 684 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para> 685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"> 686 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary> 687 </indexterm> 688 </listitem> 689 </varlistentry> 690 691 <varlistentry id="nice"> 692 <term><command>nice</command></term> 693 <listitem> 694 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para> 695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"> 696 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary> 697 </indexterm> 698 </listitem> 699 </varlistentry> 700 701 <varlistentry id="nl"> 702 <term><command>nl</command></term> 703 <listitem> 704 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para> 705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"> 706 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary> 707 </indexterm> 708 </listitem> 709 </varlistentry> 710 711 <varlistentry id="nohup"> 712 <term><command>nohup</command></term> 713 <listitem> 714 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to 715 a log file</para> 716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"> 717 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary> 718 </indexterm> 719 </listitem> 720 </varlistentry> 721 722 <varlistentry id="nproc"> 723 <term><command>nproc</command></term> 724 <listitem> 725 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a 726 process</para> 727 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc"> 728 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary> 729 </indexterm> 730 </listitem> 731 </varlistentry> 732 733 <varlistentry id="numfmt"> 734 <term><command>numfmt</command></term> 735 <listitem> 736 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para> 737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt"> 738 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary> 739 </indexterm> 740 </listitem> 741 </varlistentry> 742 743 <varlistentry id="od"> 744 <term><command>od</command></term> 745 <listitem> 746 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para> 747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"> 748 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary> 749 </indexterm> 750 </listitem> 751 </varlistentry> 752 753 <varlistentry id="paste"> 754 <term><command>paste</command></term> 755 <listitem> 756 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines 757 side by side, separated by tab characters</para> 758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"> 759 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary> 760 </indexterm> 761 </listitem> 762 </varlistentry> 763 764 <varlistentry id="pathchk"> 765 <term><command>pathchk</command></term> 766 <listitem> 767 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para> 768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"> 769 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary> 770 </indexterm> 771 </listitem> 772 </varlistentry> 773 774 <varlistentry id="pinky"> 775 <term><command>pinky</command></term> 776 <listitem> 777 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information 778 about the given users</para> 779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"> 780 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary> 781 </indexterm> 782 </listitem> 783 </varlistentry> 784 785 <varlistentry id="pr"> 786 <term><command>pr</command></term> 787 <listitem> 788 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para> 789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"> 790 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary> 791 </indexterm> 792 </listitem> 793 </varlistentry> 794 795 <varlistentry id="printenv"> 796 <term><command>printenv</command></term> 797 <listitem> 798 <para>Prints the environment</para> 799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"> 800 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary> 801 </indexterm> 802 </listitem> 803 </varlistentry> 804 805 <varlistentry id="printf"> 806 <term><command>printf</command></term> 807 <listitem> 808 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much 809 like the C printf function</para> 810 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"> 811 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary> 812 </indexterm> 813 </listitem> 814 </varlistentry> 815 816 <varlistentry id="ptx"> 817 <term><command>ptx</command></term> 818 <listitem> 819 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files, 820 with each keyword in its context</para> 821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"> 822 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary> 823 </indexterm> 824 </listitem> 825 </varlistentry> 826 827 <varlistentry id="pwd"> 828 <term><command>pwd</command></term> 829 <listitem> 830 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para> 831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"> 832 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary> 833 </indexterm> 834 </listitem> 835 </varlistentry> 836 837 <varlistentry id="readlink"> 838 <term><command>readlink</command></term> 839 <listitem> 840 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para> 841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"> 842 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary> 843 </indexterm> 844 </listitem> 845 </varlistentry> 846 847 <varlistentry id="realpath"> 848 <term><command>realpath</command></term> 849 <listitem> 850 <para>Prints the resolved path</para> 851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath"> 852 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary> 853 </indexterm> 854 </listitem> 855 </varlistentry> 856 857 <varlistentry id="rm"> 858 <term><command>rm</command></term> 859 <listitem> 860 <para>Removes files or directories</para> 861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"> 862 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary> 863 </indexterm> 864 </listitem> 865 </varlistentry> 866 867 <varlistentry id="rmdir"> 868 <term><command>rmdir</command></term> 869 <listitem> 870 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para> 871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"> 872 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary> 873 </indexterm> 874 </listitem> 875 </varlistentry> 876 877 <varlistentry id="runcon"> 878 <term><command>runcon</command></term> 879 <listitem> 880 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para> 881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon"> 882 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary> 883 </indexterm> 884 </listitem> 885 </varlistentry> 886 887 <varlistentry id="seq"> 888 <term><command>seq</command></term> 889 <listitem> 890 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a 891 given increment</para> 892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"> 893 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary> 894 </indexterm> 895 </listitem> 896 </varlistentry> 897 898 <varlistentry id="sha1sum"> 899 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term> 900 <listitem> 901 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) 902 checksums</para> 903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"> 904 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary> 905 </indexterm> 906 </listitem> 907 </varlistentry> 908 909 <varlistentry id="sha224sum"> 910 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term> 911 <listitem> 912 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> 913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum"> 914 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary> 915 </indexterm> 916 </listitem> 917 </varlistentry> 918 919 <varlistentry id="sha256sum"> 920 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term> 921 <listitem> 922 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> 923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum"> 924 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary> 925 </indexterm> 926 </listitem> 927 </varlistentry> 928 929 <varlistentry id="sha384sum"> 930 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term> 931 <listitem> 932 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> 933 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum"> 934 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary> 935 </indexterm> 936 </listitem> 937 </varlistentry> 938 939 <varlistentry id="sha512sum"> 940 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term> 941 <listitem> 942 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> 943 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum"> 944 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary> 945 </indexterm> 946 </listitem> 947 </varlistentry> 948 949 <varlistentry id="shred"> 950 <term><command>shred</command></term> 951 <listitem> 952 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns, 953 making it difficult to recover the data</para> 954 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"> 955 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary> 956 </indexterm> 957 </listitem> 958 </varlistentry> 959 960 <varlistentry id="shuf"> 961 <term><command>shuf</command></term> 962 <listitem> 963 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para> 964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf"> 965 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary> 966 </indexterm> 967 </listitem> 968 </varlistentry> 969 970 <varlistentry id="sleep"> 971 <term><command>sleep</command></term> 972 <listitem> 973 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para> 974 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"> 975 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary> 976 </indexterm> 977 </listitem> 978 </varlistentry> 979 980 <varlistentry id="sort"> 981 <term><command>sort</command></term> 982 <listitem> 983 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para> 984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"> 985 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary> 986 </indexterm> 987 </listitem> 988 </varlistentry> 989 990 <varlistentry id="split"> 991 <term><command>split</command></term> 992 <listitem> 993 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of 994 lines</para> 995 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"> 996 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary> 997 </indexterm> 998 </listitem> 999 </varlistentry> 1000 1001 <varlistentry id="stat"> 1002 <term><command>stat</command></term> 1003 <listitem> 1004 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para> 1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat"> 1006 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary> 1007 </indexterm> 1008 </listitem> 1009 </varlistentry> 1010 1011 <varlistentry id="stdbuf"> 1012 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term> 1013 <listitem> 1014 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard 1015 streams</para> 1016 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf"> 1017 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary> 1018 </indexterm> 1019 </listitem> 1020 </varlistentry> 1021 1022 <varlistentry id="stty"> 1023 <term><command>stty</command></term> 1024 <listitem> 1025 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para> 1026 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"> 1027 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary> 1028 </indexterm> 1029 </listitem> 1030 </varlistentry> 1031 1032 <varlistentry id="sum"> 1033 <term><command>sum</command></term> 1034 <listitem> 1035 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para> 1036 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"> 1037 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary> 1038 </indexterm> 1039 </listitem> 1040 </varlistentry> 1041 1042 <varlistentry id="sync"> 1043 <term><command>sync</command></term> 1044 <listitem> 1045 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk 1046 and updates the super block</para> 1047 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"> 1048 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary> 1049 </indexterm> 1050 </listitem> 1051 </varlistentry> 1052 1053 <varlistentry id="tac"> 1054 <term><command>tac</command></term> 1055 <listitem> 1056 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para> 1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"> 1058 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary> 1059 </indexterm> 1060 </listitem> 1061 </varlistentry> 1062 1063 <varlistentry id="tail"> 1064 <term><command>tail</command></term> 1065 <listitem> 1066 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each 1067 given file</para> 1068 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"> 1069 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary> 1070 </indexterm> 1071 </listitem> 1072 </varlistentry> 1073 1074 <varlistentry id="tee"> 1075 <term><command>tee</command></term> 1076 <listitem> 1077 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output 1078 and to the given files</para> 1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"> 1080 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary> 1081 </indexterm> 1082 </listitem> 1083 </varlistentry> 1084 1085 <varlistentry id="test"> 1086 <term><command>test</command></term> 1087 <listitem> 1088 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para> 1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"> 1090 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary> 1091 </indexterm> 1092 </listitem> 1093 </varlistentry> 1094 1095 <varlistentry id="timeout"> 1096 <term><command>timeout</command></term> 1097 <listitem> 1098 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para> 1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout"> 1100 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary> 1101 </indexterm> 1102 </listitem> 1103 </varlistentry> 1104 1105 <varlistentry id="touch"> 1106 <term><command>touch</command></term> 1107 <listitem> 1108 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification 1109 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist 1110 are created with zero length</para> 1111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"> 1112 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary> 1113 </indexterm> 1114 </listitem> 1115 </varlistentry> 1116 1117 <varlistentry id="tr"> 1118 <term><command>tr</command></term> 1119 <listitem> 1120 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from 1121 standard input</para> 1122 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"> 1123 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary> 1124 </indexterm> 1125 </listitem> 1126 </varlistentry> 1127 1128 <varlistentry id="true"> 1129 <term><command>true</command></term> 1130 <listitem> 1131 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code 1132 indicating success</para> 1133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"> 1134 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary> 1135 </indexterm> 1136 </listitem> 1137 </varlistentry> 1138 1139 <varlistentry id="truncate"> 1140 <term><command>truncate</command></term> 1141 <listitem> 1142 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para> 1143 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate"> 1144 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary> 1145 </indexterm> 1146 </listitem> 1147 </varlistentry> 1148 1149 <varlistentry id="tsort"> 1150 <term><command>tsort</command></term> 1151 <listitem> 1152 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list 1153 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para> 1154 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"> 1155 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary> 1156 </indexterm> 1157 </listitem> 1158 </varlistentry> 1159 1160 <varlistentry id="tty"> 1161 <term><command>tty</command></term> 1162 <listitem> 1163 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard 1164 input</para> 1165 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"> 1166 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary> 1167 </indexterm> 1168 </listitem> 1169 </varlistentry> 1170 1171 <varlistentry id="uname"> 1172 <term><command>uname</command></term> 1173 <listitem> 1174 <para>Reports system information</para> 1175 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"> 1176 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary> 1177 </indexterm> 1178 </listitem> 1179 </varlistentry> 1180 1181 <varlistentry id="unexpand"> 1182 <term><command>unexpand</command></term> 1183 <listitem> 1184 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para> 1185 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"> 1186 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary> 1187 </indexterm> 1188 </listitem> 1189 </varlistentry> 1190 1191 <varlistentry id="uniq"> 1192 <term><command>uniq</command></term> 1193 <listitem> 1194 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para> 1195 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"> 1196 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary> 1197 </indexterm> 1198 </listitem> 1199 </varlistentry> 1200 1201 <varlistentry id="unlink"> 1202 <term><command>unlink</command></term> 1203 <listitem> 1204 <para>Removes the given file</para> 1205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"> 1206 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary> 1207 </indexterm> 1208 </listitem> 1209 </varlistentry> 1210 1211 <varlistentry id="users"> 1212 <term><command>users</command></term> 1213 <listitem> 1214 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para> 1215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"> 1216 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary> 1217 </indexterm> 1218 </listitem> 1219 </varlistentry> 1220 1221 <varlistentry id="vdir"> 1222 <term><command>vdir</command></term> 1223 <listitem> 1224 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para> 1225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"> 1226 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary> 1227 </indexterm> 1228 </listitem> 1229 </varlistentry> 1230 1231 <varlistentry id="wc"> 1232 <term><command>wc</command></term> 1233 <listitem> 1234 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given 1235 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para> 1236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"> 1237 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary> 1238 </indexterm> 1239 </listitem> 1240 </varlistentry> 1241 1242 <varlistentry id="who"> 1243 <term><command>who</command></term> 1244 <listitem> 1245 <para>Reports who is logged on</para> 1246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"> 1247 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary> 1248 </indexterm> 1249 </listitem> 1250 </varlistentry> 1251 1252 <varlistentry id="whoami"> 1253 <term><command>whoami</command></term> 1254 <listitem> 1255 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective 1256 user ID</para> 1257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"> 1258 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary> 1259 </indexterm> 1260 </listitem> 1261 </varlistentry> 1262 1263 <varlistentry id="yes"> 1264 <term><command>yes</command></term> 1265 <listitem> 1266 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until 1267 killed</para> 1268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"> 1269 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary> 1270 </indexterm> 1271 </listitem> 1272 </varlistentry> 1273 1274 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf"> 1275 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term> 1276 <listitem> 1277 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para> 1278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf"> 1279 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary> 1280 </indexterm> 1281 </listitem> 1282 </varlistentry> 1283 1284 </variablelist> 100 <para>Details on this package are located in 101 <xref linkend="contents-coreutils" role="."/></para> 1285 102 1286 103 </sect2>
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