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-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 <para>Before continuing, you really should be aware of the name of your working
 platform, often also referred to as the <emphasis>target triplet</emphasis>. For
 many folks the target triplet will be, for example:
+many folks the target triplet will probably be
 <emphasis>i686-pc-linux-gnu</emphasis>. A simple way to determine your target
 triplet is to run the <filename>config.guess</filename> script that comes with
 …
 <emphasis>ld</emphasis> that is part of Binutils. The dynamic linker is provided
 by Glibc and has the job of finding and loading the shared libraries needed by a
 program, preparing the program to run and then running it. For most folks, the
+program, preparing the program to run and then running it. For most folks the
 name of the dynamic linker will be <emphasis>ld-linux.so.2</emphasis>. On
 platforms that are less prevalent, the name might be
 …
 in a separate directory, we can later easily throw them away.</para>
+<para>If later you wish to search through the binaries of your system to see
+what files they make use of or link against, then to make this searching easier
+you may want to choose a unique name. Instead of the simple "tools" you could
+use something like "tools-for-lfs". However, you'll need to be careful to
+adjust all references to "tools" throughout the book including those in any
+patches, the most notable being the GCC Specs Patch.</para>
+<para>Later on you might wish to search through the binaries of your system to
+see what files they make use of or link against. To make this searching easier
+you may want to choose a unique name for the directory in which the temporary
+tools are stored. Instead of the simple "tools" you could use something like
+"tools-for-lfs". However, you'll need to be careful to adjust all references to
+"tools" throughout the book -- including those in any patches, notably the
+GCC Specs Patch.</para>
 <para>Create the required directory by running the following:</para>
 …
 <screen><userinput>ln -s $LFS/tools /</userinput></screen>
+<para>This symlink enables us to compile our toolchain so that it always
+<note><para>The above command is correct. The <userinput>ln</userinput> command
+has a few syntactic variations, so be sure to check the info page before
+reporting what you may think is an error.</para></note>
+<para>The created symlink enables us to compile our toolchain so that it always
 refers to <filename>/tools</filename>, meaning that the compiler, assembler
 and linker will work both in this chapter (when we are still using some tools
 from the host) <emphasis>and</emphasis> in the next (when we are chrooted to
 the LFS partition).</para>
-<note><para>Study the above command closely. It can be confusing at first
-glance. The <userinput>ln</userinput> command has several syntax variations,
-so be sure to check the ln man page before reporting what you may think is an
-error.</para></note>
 </sect1>
 …
 <para>The "<userinput>-</userinput>" instructs <userinput>su</userinput> to
 start a new, clean shell.</para>
+start a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell.</para>
 </sect1>
 …
 <para>We're going to set up a good working environment by creating two new
 startup files for the Bash shell. While logged in as user
 <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, issue the following commands to create a new
+startup files for the <userinput>bash</userinput> shell. While logged in as
+user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, issue the following command to create a new
 <filename>.bash_profile</filename>:</para>
 …
 <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
+<para>The
+<userinput>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash</userinput>
+command creates a new instance of Bash with a completely empty environment,
+except for the HOME, TERM and PS1 variables. This is needed to ensure that no
+unwanted and potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system
+leak into our build environment. The technique used here is a little
+non-standard but it achieves the goal of enforcing a clean environment. By way
+of explanation, the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which
+reads the <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The new shell instance is a
+<emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell which reads the
+<filename>.bashrc</filename> (created next).</para>
+<para>Now create a new <filename>.bashrc</filename>:</para>
+<para>Normally, when you log on as user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>,
+the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the
+<filename>/etc/profile</filename> of your host (probably containing some
+settings of environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</filename>.
+The <userinput>exec env -i ... /bin/bash</userinput> command in the latter file
+replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty environment,
+except for the HOME, TERM and PS1 variables. This ensures that no unwanted and
+potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into our
+build environment. The technique used here is a little strange, but it achieves
+the goal of enforcing a clean environment.</para>
+<para>The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell,
+which doesn't read the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or
+<filename>.bash_profile</filename> files, but reads the
+<filename>.bashrc</filename> file instead. Create this latter file now:</para>
 <screen><userinput>cat &gt; ~/.bashrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"</userinput>
 …
 during the rest of the building process.</para>
 <para>Finally, source the just-created profile so that we're all set to begin
 building the temporary tools that will support us in later chapters.</para>
+<para>Finally, to have our environment fully prepared for building the
+temporary tools, source the just-created profile:</para>
 <screen><userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
 …
 source and build directories from the first pass or otherwise accidentally
 deleted them or just don't have access to them, don't worry, all is not lost.
 Just ignore the above command. The result is a small chance of subsequent
+programs linking against libraries on the host. This is not ideal, however,
+Just ignore the above command. The result is a small chance of the subsequent
+testing programs linking against libraries on the host. This is not ideal, but
 it's not a major problem. The situation is corrected when we install the
 second pass of Binutils later on.</para></note>
+second pass of Binutils a bit further on.</para></note>
 <para>Now that the adjusted linker is installed, you have to remove the

chapter05/expect.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 <para>This package has a test suite available which can perform a number of
 checks to ensure it built correctly. However, the Expect test suite here in
 Chapter 5 is known to experience failures under certain host conditions that
+checks to ensure it built correctly. However, the Expect test suite
+is known to experience failures under certain host conditions that
 are not fully understood. Therefore, test suite failures here are not
 surprising, but are not considered critical. Should you choose to run the test
+surprising, and are not considered critical. Should you choose to run the test
 suite, the following command will do so:</para>

chapter05/findutils.xml

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12	12
13	13	<sect2>
14		<title>Install~~ing~~ Findutils</title>
	14	<title>Installation of Findutils</title>
15	15
16	16	<para>Prepare Findutils for compilation:</para>

chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 link against the new Glibc.</para>
 <important><para>These patches are <emphasis>critical</emphasis> in ensuring a
 successful overall build. Do not forget to apply them.</para></important>
+<important><para>The above patches are <emphasis>critical</emphasis> in ensuring
+a successful overall build. Do not forget to apply them.</para></important>
 <para>Create a separate build directory again:</para>

chapter05/gettext.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 <para>This package has a test suite available which can perform a number of
 checks to ensure it built correctly. However, the Gettext test suite here in
 Chapter 5 is known to experience failures under certain host conditions -- for
+checks to ensure it built correctly. However, the Gettext test suite is known
+to experience failures under certain host conditions -- for
 example, if it finds a Java compiler on the host (Note: an experimental patch
 to disable Java is available from the patches project). The Gettext test suite

chapter05/tcl.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), but
 only for the duration of the test suite run. This ensures the clock tests are
 exercised correctly. More information on the TZ environment variable is
 available later on in <xref linkend="chapter07"/>.</para></listitem>
+exercised correctly. More information on the TZ environment variable will be
+given later on in <xref linkend="chapter07"/>.</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 …
 <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
+<important><para><emphasis>Do not remove</emphasis> the
+<!-- HACK - Force some whitespace to appease tidy -->
+<literallayout></literallayout>
+<warning><para><emphasis>Do not remove</emphasis> the
 <filename>tcl&tcl-version;</filename> source directory yet, as the next package
+will need its internal headers.</para></important>
+will need its internal headers.</para></warning>
+<!-- HACK - Force some whitespace to appease tidy -->
+<literallayout></literallayout>
 <para>Make a necessary symbolic link:</para>

chapter05/utillinux.xml

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+              rf4993cf
 <para>Util-linux doesn't use the freshly installed headers and libraries from
+the /tools directory.  This is fixed by altering the configure script:</para>
+the <filename>/tools</filename> directory.  This is fixed by altering the
+configure script:</para>
 <screen><userinput>cp configure configure.backup

chapter06/bash.xml

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22	22	<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&bash-patch;</userinput></screen>
23	23
24		<para>Prepare Bash for compilation:</para>
	24	<para>Now prepare Bash for compilation:</para>
25	25
26	26	<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin</userinput></screen>

chapter06/findutils.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 <sect2>
 <title>Installing Findutils</title>
+<title>Installation of Findutils</title>
 <para>Prepare Findutils for compilation:</para>
 …
 <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/locate</userinput></screen>
+<para>By default, the location of the updatedb database is in
+<filename>/usr/var</filename>. To make the location of
+<filename>/var/lib/misc/locatedb</filename> file FHS compliant, pass the
+<emphasis>--localstatedir=/var/lib/misc</emphasis> option to
+<userinput>configure</userinput>.</para>
+<para>The default location for the <emphasis>locate</emphasis> database is
+<filename>/usr/var</filename>. To make the location of this database
+FHS-compliant, add <emphasis>--localstatedir=/var/lib/misc</emphasis>
+to the above configure options.</para>
 <para>Compile the package:</para>

chapter06/inetutils.xml

-              r5888299
+              rf4993cf
 <para>Now prepare Inetutils for compilation:</para>
+<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-syslogd \
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--libexecdir=/usr/sbin --disable-logger \
+<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/sbin \
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--disable-logger --disable-syslogd \
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--disable-whois --disable-servers</userinput></screen>
 …
 <itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para><userinput>--disable-syslogd</userinput>: This option
-prevents inetutils from installing the System Log Daemon, which is
-installed with the Sysklogd package.</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><userinput>--disable-logger</userinput>: This option
 prevents inetutils from installing the logger program, which is used by
+prevents Inetutils from installing the logger program, which is used by
 scripts to pass messages to the System Log Daemon. We do not install it
 because Util-linux installs a better version later.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><userinput>--disable-syslogd</userinput>: This option
+prevents Inetutils from installing the System Log Daemon, which is
+installed with the Sysklogd package.</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para><userinput>--disable-whois</userinput>: This option disables
 the building of the inetutils whois client, which is woefully out of date.
+the building of the Inetutils whois client, which is woefully out of date.
 Instructions for a better whois client are in the BLFS book.</para></listitem>

preface/prerequisites.xml

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11	11
12	12	<para>This is a comprehensive guide to building and installing "generic"
13		U~~NIX~~ software distributions under Linux. This HOWTO is available at
	13	Unix software distributions under Linux. This HOWTO is available at
14	14	<ulink url="&tldp-root;HOWTO/Software-Building-HOWTO.html"/>.</para></listitem>
15	15

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