Changes in chapter08/grub.xml [adbc3e5:fb386e0]
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chapter08/grub.xml
radbc3e5 rfb386e0 6 6 ]> 7 7 8 <sect1 id="ch- bootable-grub" role="wrap">8 <sect1 id="ch-system-grub" role="wrap"> 9 9 <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?> 10 10 … … 15 15 </sect1info> 16 16 17 <title>Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process</title> 18 19 <sect2> 20 <title>Introduction</title> 21 22 <warning><para>Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system 23 inoperable without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM. This 24 section is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just 25 want to modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or 26 LILO.</para></warning> 27 28 29 <para> Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> 30 the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not 31 already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure 32 below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install 33 <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink 34 url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> 35 libisoburn</ulink> package.</para> 36 37 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cd /tmp 38 grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso 39 xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput></screen> 40 41 <note> 42 <para> 43 To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel needs to 44 have been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality described in the 45 previous section. However, LFS can be booted using GRUB2 without such 46 an addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode and Secure Boot capabilities in 47 the host system's BIOS need to be turned off. For details, see <ulink 48 url="&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt"> 49 the lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink> at 50 &hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt. 51 </para> 52 </note> 17 <title>GRUB-&grub-version;</title> 18 19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub"> 20 <primary sortas="a-Grub">GRUB</primary> 21 </indexterm> 22 23 <sect2 role="package"> 24 <title/> 25 26 <para>The GRUB package contains the GRand Unified Bootloader.</para> 27 28 <segmentedlist> 29 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> 30 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> 31 32 <seglistitem> 33 <seg>&grub-fin-sbu;</seg> 34 <seg>&grub-fin-du;</seg> 35 </seglistitem> 36 </segmentedlist> 53 37 54 38 </sect2> 55 39 56 <sect2> 57 <title>GRUB Naming Conventions</title> 58 59 <para>GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in 60 the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> 61 is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition 62 number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition number 63 starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions. 64 Note that this is different from earlier versions where 65 both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename 66 class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to 67 GRUB and <filename class="partition">sdb3</filename> is 68 <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not 69 consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD 70 on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive 71 on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive 72 would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para> 40 <sect2 role="installation"> 41 <title>Installation of GRUB</title> 42 43 <para>Prepare GRUB for compilation:</para> 44 45 <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \ 46 --sbindir=/sbin \ 47 --sysconfdir=/etc \ 48 --disable-efiemu \ 49 --disable-werror</userinput></screen> 50 51 <variablelist> 52 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title> 53 54 <varlistentry> 55 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term> 56 <listitem> 57 <para>This allows the build to complete with warnings introduced 58 by more recent Flex versions.</para> 59 </listitem> 60 </varlistentry> 61 62 <varlistentry> 63 <term><parameter>--disable-efiemu</parameter></term> 64 <listitem> 65 <para>This option minimizes what is built by disabling a feature and 66 testing programs not needed for LFS.</para> 67 </listitem> 68 </varlistentry> 69 70 </variablelist> 71 72 <para>Compile the package:</para> 73 74 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen> 75 76 <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para> 77 78 <para>Install the package:</para> 79 80 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install 81 mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/grub /usr/share/bash-completion/completions</userinput></screen> 82 83 <para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in 84 <xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/>.</para> 73 85 74 86 </sect2> 75 87 76 <sect2> 77 <title>Setting Up the Configuration</title> 78 79 <para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the 80 hard disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs 81 there access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location 82 is /boot/grub/.</para> 83 84 <para>The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that 85 affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small 86 (suggested size is 100 MB) partition just for boot information. That way 87 each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot 88 files and access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do 89 this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the 90 current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the 91 linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. 92 You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename 93 class="directory">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update 94 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para> 95 96 <para>Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration 97 for multiple systems is more difficult.</para> 98 99 <para>Using the above information, determine the appropriate 100 designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate 101 one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root 102 (or separate boot) partition is <filename 103 class="partition">sda2</filename>.</para> 104 105 <para>Install the GRUB files into <filename 106 class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para> 107 108 <warning> 109 <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not 110 run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party 111 boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para> 112 </warning> 113 114 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput></screen> 115 116 <note> 117 <para>If the system has been booted using UEFI, 118 <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the 119 <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files 120 have not been installed in chapter 6. If this is the case, add 121 <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.</para> 122 </note> 123 124 <!-- This does not seem to be true any more 125 <note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another 126 program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'". 127 If so, create a temporary symbolic link from your root partition to /dev/root:</para> 128 129 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>ln -sv /dev/sda2 /dev/root</userinput></screen> 130 131 <para>The symbolic link will only be present until the system is rebooted. 132 The link is only needed for the installation procedure. 133 </para></note> 134 --> 88 <sect2 id="contents-gRUB" role="content"> 89 <title>Contents of GRUB</title> 90 91 <segmentedlist> 92 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> 93 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle> 94 95 <seglistitem> 96 97 <seg>grub-bios-setup, grub-editenv, grub-file, grub-fstest, 98 grub-glue-efi, grub-install, grub-kbdcomp, grub-macbless, 99 grub-menulst2cfg, grub-mkconfig, 100 grub-mkimage, grub-mklayout, grub-mknetdir, 101 grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2, grub-mkrelpath, grub-mkrescue, grub-mkstandalone, 102 grub-ofpathname, grub-probe, grub-reboot, grub-render-label, 103 grub-script-check, 104 grub-set-default, grub-sparc64-setup, and grub-syslinux2cfg</seg> 105 106 <seg>/usr/lib/grub, /etc/grub.d, /usr/share/grub, and /boot/grub (when grub-install 107 is first run)</seg> 108 </seglistitem> 109 </segmentedlist> 110 111 <variablelist> 112 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> 113 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> 114 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> 115 116 <varlistentry id="grub-bios-setup"> 117 <term><command>grub-bios-setup</command></term> 118 <listitem> 119 <para>Is a helper program for grub-install</para> 120 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-bios-setup"> 121 <primary sortas="b-grub-bios-setup">grub-bios-setup</primary> 122 </indexterm> 123 </listitem> 124 </varlistentry> 125 126 <varlistentry id="grub-editenv"> 127 <term><command>grub-editenv</command></term> 128 <listitem> 129 <para>A tool to edit the environment block</para> 130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-editenv"> 131 <primary sortas="b-grub-editenv">grub-editenv</primary> 132 </indexterm> 133 </listitem> 134 </varlistentry> 135 136 <varlistentry id="grub-file"> 137 <term><command>grub-file</command></term> 138 <listitem> 139 <para>Checks if FILE is of the specified type.</para> 140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-file"> 141 <primary sortas="b-grub-file">grub-file</primary> 142 </indexterm> 143 </listitem> 144 </varlistentry> 145 146 <varlistentry id="grub-fstest"> 147 <term><command>grub-fstest</command></term> 148 <listitem> 149 <para>Tool to debug the filesystem driver</para> 150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-fstest"> 151 <primary sortas="b-grub-fstest">grub-fstest</primary> 152 </indexterm> 153 </listitem> 154 </varlistentry> 155 156 <varlistentry id="grub-glue-efi"> 157 <term><command>grub-glue-efi</command></term> 158 <listitem> 159 <para>Processes ia32 and amd64 EFI images and glues them 160 according to Apple format.</para> 161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-glue-efi"> 162 <primary sortas="b-grub-glue-efi">grub-glue-efi</primary> 163 </indexterm> 164 </listitem> 165 </varlistentry> 166 167 <varlistentry id="grub-install"> 168 <term><command>grub-install</command></term> 169 <listitem> 170 <para>Install GRUB on your drive</para> 171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-install"> 172 <primary sortas="b-grub-install">grub-install</primary> 173 </indexterm> 174 </listitem> 175 </varlistentry> 176 177 <varlistentry id="grub-kbdcomp"> 178 <term><command>grub-kbdcomp</command></term> 179 <listitem> 180 <para>Script that converts an xkb layout into one recognized by 181 GRUB</para> 182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-kbdcomp"> 183 <primary sortas="b-grub-kbdcomp">grub-kbdcomp</primary> 184 </indexterm> 185 </listitem> 186 </varlistentry> 187 188 <varlistentry id="grub-macbless"> 189 <term><command>grub-macbless</command></term> 190 <listitem> 191 <para>Mac-style bless on HFS or HFS+ files</para> 192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-macbless"> 193 <primary sortas="b-grub-macbless">grub-macbless</primary> 194 </indexterm> 195 </listitem> 196 </varlistentry> 197 198 <varlistentry id="grub-menulst2cfg"> 199 <term><command>grub-menulst2cfg</command></term> 200 <listitem> 201 <para>Converts a GRUB Legacy <filename>menu.lst</filename> 202 into a <filename>grub.cfg</filename> for use with GRUB 2</para> 203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-menulst2cfg"> 204 <primary sortas="b-grub-menulst2cfg">grub-menulst2cfg</primary> 205 </indexterm> 206 </listitem> 207 </varlistentry> 208 209 <varlistentry id="grub-mkconfig"> 210 <term><command>grub-mkconfig</command></term> 211 <listitem> 212 <para>Generate a grub config file</para> 213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkconfig"> 214 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkconfig">grub-mkconfig</primary> 215 </indexterm> 216 </listitem> 217 </varlistentry> 218 219 <varlistentry id="grub-mkimage"> 220 <term><command>grub-mkimage</command></term> 221 <listitem> 222 <para>Make a bootable image of GRUB</para> 223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkimage"> 224 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkimage">grub-mkimage</primary> 225 </indexterm> 226 </listitem> 227 </varlistentry> 228 229 <varlistentry id="grub-mklayout"> 230 <term><command>grub-mklayout</command></term> 231 <listitem> 232 <para>Generates a GRUB keyboard layout file</para> 233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mklayout"> 234 <primary sortas="b-grub-mklayout">grub-mklayout</primary> 235 </indexterm> 236 </listitem> 237 </varlistentry> 238 239 <varlistentry id="grub-mknetdir"> 240 <term><command>grub-mknetdir</command></term> 241 <listitem> 242 <para>Prepares a GRUB netboot directory</para> 243 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mknetdir"> 244 <primary sortas="b-grub-mknetdir">grub-mknetdir</primary> 245 </indexterm> 246 </listitem> 247 </varlistentry> 248 249 <varlistentry id="grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2"> 250 <term><command>grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</command></term> 251 <listitem> 252 <para>Generates an encrypted PBKDF2 password for use in the boot 253 menu</para> 254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2"> 255 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2">grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</primary> 256 </indexterm> 257 </listitem> 258 </varlistentry> 259 260 <varlistentry id="grub-mkrelpath"> 261 <term><command>grub-mkrelpath</command></term> 262 <listitem> 263 <para>Makes a system pathname relative to its root</para> 264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkrelpath"> 265 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkrelpath">grub-mkrelpath</primary> 266 </indexterm> 267 </listitem> 268 </varlistentry> 269 270 <varlistentry id="grub-mkrescue"> 271 <term><command>grub-mkrescue</command></term> 272 <listitem> 273 <para>Make a bootable image of GRUB suitable for a floppy disk or CDROM/DVD</para> 274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkrescue"> 275 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkrescue">grub-mkrescue</primary> 276 </indexterm> 277 </listitem> 278 </varlistentry> 279 280 <varlistentry id="grub-mkstandalone"> 281 <term><command>grub-mkstandalone</command></term> 282 <listitem> 283 <para>Generates a standalone image</para> 284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkstandalone"> 285 <primary sortas="b-grub-mkstandalone">grub-mkstandalone</primary> 286 </indexterm> 287 </listitem> 288 </varlistentry> 289 290 <varlistentry id="grub-ofpathname"> 291 <term><command>grub-ofpathname</command></term> 292 <listitem> 293 <para>Is a helper program that prints the path of a GRUB device</para> 294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-ofpathname"> 295 <primary sortas="b-grub-ofpathname">grub-ofpathname</primary> 296 </indexterm> 297 </listitem> 298 </varlistentry> 299 300 <varlistentry id="grub-probe"> 301 <term><command>grub-probe</command></term> 302 <listitem> 303 <para>Probe device information for a given path or device</para> 304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-probe"> 305 <primary sortas="b-grub-probe">grub-probe</primary> 306 </indexterm> 307 </listitem> 308 </varlistentry> 309 310 <varlistentry id="grub-reboot"> 311 <term><command>grub-reboot</command></term> 312 <listitem> 313 <para>Sets the default boot entry for GRUB for the next boot only</para> 314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-reboot"> 315 <primary sortas="b-grub-reboot">grub-reboot</primary> 316 </indexterm> 317 </listitem> 318 </varlistentry> 319 320 <varlistentry id="grub-render-label"> 321 <term><command>grub-render-label</command></term> 322 <listitem> 323 <para>Render Apple .disk_label for Apple Macs</para> 324 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-render-label"> 325 <primary sortas="b-grub-render-label">grub-render-label</primary> 326 </indexterm> 327 </listitem> 328 </varlistentry> 329 330 <varlistentry id="grub-script-check"> 331 <term><command>grub-script-check</command></term> 332 <listitem> 333 <para>Checks GRUB configuration script for syntax errors</para> 334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-script-check"> 335 <primary sortas="b-grub-script-check">grub-script-check</primary> 336 </indexterm> 337 </listitem> 338 </varlistentry> 339 340 <varlistentry id="grub-set-default"> 341 <term><command>grub-set-default</command></term> 342 <listitem> 343 <para>Sets the default boot entry for GRUB</para> 344 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-set-default"> 345 <primary sortas="b-grub-set-default">grub-set-default</primary> 346 </indexterm> 347 </listitem> 348 </varlistentry> 349 350 <varlistentry id="grub-sparc64-setup"> 351 <term><command>grub-sparc64-setup</command></term> 352 <listitem> 353 <para>Is a helper program for grub-setup</para> 354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-sparc64-setup"> 355 <primary sortas="b-grub-sparc64-setup">grub-setup</primary> 356 </indexterm> 357 </listitem> 358 </varlistentry> 359 360 <varlistentry id="grub-syslinux2cfg"> 361 <term><command>grub-syslinux2cfg</command></term> 362 <listitem> 363 <para>Transform a syslinux config file into grub.cfg format</para> 364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-syslinux2cfg"> 365 <primary sortas="b-grub-syslinux2cfg">grub-syslinux2cfg</primary> 366 </indexterm> 367 </listitem> 368 </varlistentry> 369 370 </variablelist> 371 135 372 </sect2> 136 373 137 <sect2 id="grub-cfg">138 <title>Creating the GRUB Configuration File</title>139 140 <para>Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:</para>141 142 <screen revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"143 <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg144 set default=0145 set timeout=5146 147 insmod ext2148 set root=(hd0,2)149 150 menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;" {151 linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro152 }</literal>153 EOF</userinput></screen>154 155 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"156 <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg157 set default=0158 set timeout=5159 160 insmod ext2161 set root=(hd0,2)162 163 menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;" {164 linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 ro165 }</literal>166 EOF</userinput></screen>167 168 169 <note><para>From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the170 kernel files are relative to the partition used. If you171 used a separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above172 <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line. You will also need to change the173 <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot partition.174 </para></note>175 176 <para>GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous177 number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating178 systems, and partition types. There are also many options for customization179 such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc. The180 details of these options are beyond the scope of this introduction.</para>181 182 <caution><para>There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that183 can write a configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in184 /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make. These scripts185 are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for186 LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance187 that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution>188 189 </sect2>190 191 374 </sect1>
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