[246c904] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[246c904] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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[e72dc56] | 6 |
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[dd7f181] | 7 | <!ENTITY ppp-download-http "http://samba.org/ftp/ppp/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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[fb2e525] | 8 | <!ENTITY ppp-download-ftp "&gentoo-ftp-repo;/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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[d37e1110] | 9 | <!ENTITY ppp-md5sum "183800762e266132218b204dfb428d29">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY ppp-size "673 KB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY ppp-buildsize "5.6 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY ppp-time "0.1 SBU">
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[246c904] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[f07203c5] | 15 | <sect1 id="ppp" xreflabel="PPP-&ppp-version;">
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[c99aa38] | 16 | <?dbhtml filename="ppp.html"?>
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[4839c17] | 17 |
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[c99aa38] | 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 21 | </sect1info>
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[4839c17] | 22 |
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[c99aa38] | 23 | <title>PPP-&ppp-version;</title>
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[4839c17] | 24 |
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[c99aa38] | 25 | <indexterm zone="ppp">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-PPP">PPP</primary>
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| 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 30 | <title>Introduction to PPP</title>
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[4839c17] | 31 |
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[893d9711] | 32 | <para>The <application>PPP</application> package contains the
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[4839c17] | 33 | <command>pppd</command> daemon and the <command>chat</command>
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[c99aa38] | 34 | program. This is used for connecting to other machines; often for connecting to
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| 35 | the Internet via a dial-up or PPPoE connection to an ISP.</para>
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[4839c17] | 36 |
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[c99aa38] | 37 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 38 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 39 | <listitem>
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| 40 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-http;"/></para>
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| 41 | </listitem>
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| 42 | <listitem>
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| 43 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-ftp;"/></para>
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| 44 | </listitem>
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| 45 | <listitem>
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| 46 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &ppp-md5sum;</para>
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| 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>Download size: &ppp-size;</para>
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| 50 | </listitem>
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| 51 | <listitem>
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| 52 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &ppp-buildsize;</para>
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| 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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| 55 | <para>Estimated build time: &ppp-time;</para>
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| 56 | </listitem>
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| 57 | </itemizedlist>
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[4839c17] | 58 |
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[c99aa38] | 59 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">PPP Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[4839c17] | 60 |
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[ba41c33] | 61 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[782820d] | 62 | <para role="optional"><xref linkend="libpcap"/> (needed to do PPP filtering),
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| 63 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> (to authenticate incoming calls using PAM),
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[ba41c33] | 64 | and <ulink url="http://linux-atm.sourceforge.net/">Linux ATM</ulink> (to
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| 65 | build the pppoatm.so plugin)</para>
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[4839c17] | 66 |
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[7e1f3aa] | 67 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[6c42d4e] | 68 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/PPP"/></para>
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[7e1f3aa] | 69 |
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[c99aa38] | 70 | </sect2>
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[4839c17] | 71 |
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[c99aa38] | 72 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 73 | <title>Installation of PPP</title>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <note id="ppp-kernel">
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[782820d] | 76 | <para><application>PPP</application> support (CONFIG_PPP),
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| 77 | the asynchronous line discipline (CONFIG_PPP_ASYNC), and the
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| 78 | driver for your serial port device must be
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| 79 | compiled into the kernel or loaded as a kernel module.
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| 80 | Udev doesn't load the ppp_generic module automatically, it must be
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| 81 | mentioned in the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename> file.</para>
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[c99aa38] | 82 | </note>
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[4839c17] | 83 |
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[c99aa38] | 84 | <indexterm zone="ppp ppp-kernel">
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| 85 | <primary sortas="d-PPP-support">PPP support</primary>
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| 86 | </indexterm>
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[4839c17] | 87 |
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[893d9711] | 88 | <para>Install <application>PPP</application> by running the
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[c99aa38] | 89 | following commands:</para>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr &&
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| 92 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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[4839c17] | 95 |
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[c99aa38] | 96 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 97 |
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[782820d] | 98 | <screen role='root'><userinput>groupadd -g 52 pppusers &&
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| 99 | make install &&
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| 100 | <!-- FIXME: is "make install-etcppp" needed for KPPP/WvDial?
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| 101 | The example configuration below overwrites two of three files, and
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| 102 | already includes the "lock" option in each peer file
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| 103 | -->make install-etcppp &&
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| 104 | install -m755 scripts/{pon,poff,plog} /usr/bin &&
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| 105 | instal -m644 scripts/pon.1 /usr/share/man/man1</userinput></screen>
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[4839c17] | 106 |
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[c99aa38] | 107 | </sect2>
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[4839c17] | 108 |
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[c99aa38] | 109 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 110 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 111 |
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[893d9711] | 112 | <para><command>make install-etcppp</command>: This command puts example
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[c99aa38] | 113 | configuration files in <filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>.</para>
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[4839c17] | 114 |
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[782820d] | 115 | <!-- FIXME: the three options below are taken from pppd/Makefile.linux file.
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| 116 | They have not been tested. There are other options, such as USE_SRP=y,
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| 117 | that cannot work (in this case, because libsrp is not available from
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| 118 | anywhere) - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para><parameter>USE_PAM=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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| 121 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for PAM, usually
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| 122 | needed for authenticating inbound calls against a central database.</para>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <para><parameter>HAVE_INET6=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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| 125 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for IPv6.</para>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <para><parameter>CBCP=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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| 128 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for
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| 129 | Microsoft proprietary Callback Control Protocol.</para>
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| 130 |
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[c99aa38] | 131 | </sect2>
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[4839c17] | 132 |
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[c99aa38] | 133 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 134 | <title>Configuring PPP</title>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <sect3 id="ppp-config">
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| 137 | <title>Config Files</title>
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[4839c17] | 138 |
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[c99aa38] | 139 | <para><filename>/etc/ppp/*</filename></para>
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[4839c17] | 140 |
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[c99aa38] | 141 | <indexterm zone="ppp ppp-config">
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| 142 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ppp-star">/etc/ppp/*</primary>
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| 143 | </indexterm>
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[4839c17] | 144 |
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[c99aa38] | 145 | </sect3>
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[4839c17] | 146 |
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[c99aa38] | 147 | <sect3>
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| 148 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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[4839c17] | 149 |
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[782820d] | 150 | <para>The <application>PPP</application> daemon requires some
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| 151 | configuration. The main trick is scripting the connection.
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| 152 | For dialup and GPRS connections, this can be done
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[893d9711] | 153 | either using the <command>chat</command> program which comes with
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[782820d] | 154 | this package, or by using external tools such as <xref linkend="wvdial"/>
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| 155 | or <application>KPPP</application> from
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| 156 | <xref linkend="kdenetwork"/>. The text below explains how to set up
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| 157 | <!-- PPPoE, --> dialup and GPRS connections using only tools provided with
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| 158 | the <application>PPP</application> package. All configuration steps
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| 159 | in this section are executed as
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| 160 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <sect4>
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| 163 | <title>Setting the passwords</title>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <para>Passwords are stored in <filename>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets</filename>
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| 166 | and <filename>/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</filename> files, depending on the
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| 167 | authentication method used by the ISP. If in doubt, place the password
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| 168 | into both files. E.g., if the username given by the ISP is
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| 169 | <quote>jdoe</quote>, the password is <quote>guessit</quote>, the
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| 170 | ISP uses PAP and the user wants to name this account
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| 171 | <quote>dialup</quote> in order to distinguish it from other PPP accounts,
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| 172 | the following file has to be created:</para>
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| 173 | <screen role="root"><userinput>touch /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
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| 174 | chmod 600 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
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| 175 | cat >>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 176 | <literal># username remotename password IP for the peer
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| 177 | jdoe dialup guessit *</literal>
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| 178 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 179 | </sect4>
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| 180 |
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| 181 | <sect4>
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| 182 | <title>DNS Server Configuration</title>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>If you don't run your own caching DNS server, create a simple
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| 185 | <command>ip-up</command> script (to be called by <command>pppd</command>
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| 186 | automatically once the connection is brought up) that populates the
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| 187 | <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> file with nameservers specified
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| 188 | by the ISP.</para>
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| 189 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/ip-up <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 190 | <literal>#!/bin/sh
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| 191 | if [ "$USEPEERDNS" = "1" ] && [ -s /etc/ppp/resolv.conf ]
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| 192 | then
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| 193 | install -m 644 /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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| 194 | fi</literal>
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| 195 | <userinput>EOF
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| 196 | chmod 755 /etc/ppp/ip-up</userinput></screen>
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| 197 | <para>If you use a caching DNS server such as <xref linkend="bind"/>
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| 198 | or <ulink url="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~rombouts/pdnsd.html">Pdnsd</ulink>,
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| 199 | the script above is wrong for you. In such case, write your
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| 200 | own script that tells your caching nameserver to forward queries to
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| 201 | upstream DNS servers specified in the $DNS1 and $DNS2 environment
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| 202 | variables.</para>
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| 203 | <!-- FIXME: write the replacement script that works with Bind -->
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| 204 | </sect4>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <sect4>
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| 207 | <title>Dialup Modem Connection</title>
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| 208 | <!-- This section has been tested with various ISPs in Yekaterinburg,
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| 209 | Russia using Lucent WinModem. I cannot test it anymore, because
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| 210 | there is no free PCI slot for the modem in my new computer. However,
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| 211 | it is similar enough to GPRS for me to be sure that it still works,
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| 212 | and nobody complained about non-working dialup on the LFS LiveCD.
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| 213 | - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <para>Dialup connections are established with the help of a modem
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| 216 | connected to a computer and the telephone line. The modem dials a
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| 217 | telephone number of the ISP's modem, and they exchange data using
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| 218 | the signal frequencies 300-4000 Hz. Typical data transfer
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| 219 | rate is 40-50 kilobits per second, and the gateway ping time
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| 220 | (latency) is up to 300-400 ms. In order to configure the
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| 221 | dialup connection, it is required to know the telephone number of
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| 222 | the ISP's modem pool, the username and the password.</para>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <para>In order to configure a dialup connection, two files have to
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| 225 | be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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| 226 | (common for all dialup accounts), and a peer file that provides
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| 227 | configuration information about a specific connection to
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| 228 | <command>pppd</command>:</para>
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| 229 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat $gt;/etc/ppp/dialup.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 230 | <literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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| 231 | ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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| 232 | ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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| 233 |
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| 234 | TIMEOUT 5
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| 235 | '' AT
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| 236 | # \T is the phone number, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>
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| 237 | OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATD\T
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| 238 | TIMEOUT 75
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| 239 | CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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| 240 | <userinput>EOF
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| 241 |
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| 242 | cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 243 | <literal># Your username at the ISP
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| 244 | user "<replaceable>jdoe</replaceable>"
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| 245 | # What should be in the second column in /etc/ppp/*-secrets
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| 246 | remotename "<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>"
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| 247 | # Replace <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> with the ISP phone number
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| 248 | connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/dialup.chat"
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| 249 |
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| 250 | # Specify your modem serial port and speed below
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| 251 | <replaceable>/dev/ttyS0</replaceable>
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| 252 | <replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | # The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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| 255 | updetach
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| 256 | noauth
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| 257 | hide-password
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| 258 | debug
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| 259 | lock
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| 260 | defaultroute
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| 261 | noipdefault
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| 262 | usepeerdns</literal>
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| 263 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 264 |
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| 265 | <para>The first three lines of the
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| 266 | <filename>/etc/ppp/dialup.chat</filename> file abort the script when
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| 267 | it receives an indication of an error from the modem. Then the timeout
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| 268 | is set to 5 seconds and the script checks that the modem responds to
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| 269 | the dummy AT command at all. If not, measures are taken to dewedge it
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| 270 | (by interrupting the data transfer and going on hook). Then the
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| 271 | telephone number is dialed, and the script waits for the answer for
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| 272 | 75 seconds. The serial connection is considered established when the
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| 273 | modem sends the string CONNECT.</para>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | </sect4>
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| 276 |
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| 277 | <sect4>
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| 278 | <title>GPRS and EDGE Connections</title>
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| 279 | <!-- This section has been tested with GPRS service from MOTIV in
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| 280 | Yekaterinburg, Russia. According to forum messages, the procedure
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| 281 | also works with EDGE, but my cellular phone (Motorola C350) does not
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| 282 | support EDGE. - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <para>GPRS and EDGE connections are established with the help of a
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| 285 | cellular phone connected to a computer via serial or USB cable, or
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| 286 | using Bluetooth.
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| 287 | The phone exchanges data packets with the nearest base station,
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| 288 | which can be up to 35 kilometers away.
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <!-- FIXME: watch for new standards! SkyLink is already offering
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| 291 | 3.1 megabits per second with CDMA mobile phones, and
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| 292 | the configuration below doesn't work. It is reported that
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| 293 | a regular dialup setup with the telephone number "#777",
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| 294 | username "mobile" and password "internet" works with SkyLink. -->
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| 295 |
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| 296 | The maximum possible data transfer rate is 170 kilobits per second
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| 297 | for GPRS and 474 kilobits per second for EDGE, but many cellular
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| 298 | operators impose lower limits, such as 64 kilobits per second. The
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| 299 | gateway ping time is 900 ms for GPRS, which makes playing many online
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| 300 | games impossible and causes connection to ICQ to be unreliable.
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| 301 | In order to configure a GPRS or EDGE connection,
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| 302 | it is required to know the access point name (APN) and, rarely, the
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| 303 | username and the password.
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| 304 | In most cases, billing is based on the telephone number, and the
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| 305 | username/password pair is not needed, as assumed in the example
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| 306 | below.</para>
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| 307 |
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| 308 | <para>In order to configure a GPRS connection, two files have to
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| 309 | be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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| 310 | (common for all GPRS accounts), and a peer file that provides
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| 311 | configuration information about a specific connection to
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| 312 | <command>pppd</command>:</para>
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| 313 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/gprs.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 314 | <literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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| 315 | ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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| 316 | ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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| 317 |
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| 318 | TIMEOUT 5
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| 319 | '' AT
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| 320 | OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATZ
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| 321 | # \T is the APN, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable>
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| 322 | # This example stores the APN as profile #1 in the phone.
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| 323 | # The telephone number, *99***<profile_number>#, is always the same
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| 324 | # If you want to store this as profile #2, change 1 to 2 in the
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| 325 | # following two lines.
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| 326 | OK AT+CGDCONT=<replaceable>1</replaceable>,"IP","\T"
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| 327 | OK "ATD*99***<replaceable>1</replaceable>#"
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| 328 | CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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| 329 | <userinput>EOF
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| 330 |
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| 331 | cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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| 332 | <literal># Replace <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> with the proper APN for your provider
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| 333 | connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/gprs.chat"
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| 334 |
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| 335 | # Specify your cellphone serial port and speed below
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| 336 | # Note: you must manually send some vendor-specific AT commands
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| 337 | # to certain old cellular phones (such as Sony-Ericsson T200)
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| 338 | # in order to achieve connection speed more than 9600 bits ber second.
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| 339 | <replaceable>/dev/ttyS1</replaceable>
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| 340 | <replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | # The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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| 343 | noccp
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| 344 | noauth
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| 345 | updetach
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| 346 | debug
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| 347 | lock
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| 348 | defaultroute
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| 349 | noipdefault
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| 350 | usepeerdns</literal>
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| 351 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 352 | </sect4>
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| 353 |
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| 354 | <sect4>
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| 355 | <title>Establishing the connection</title>
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| 356 |
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| 357 | <para>In order to establish a PPP connection described by the
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| 358 | <filename>/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable></filename>
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| 359 | file, run, as root or as a member of the
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| 360 | <systemitem class="groupname">pppusers</systemitem> group:</para>
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| 361 | <screen><userinput>pon <replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 362 |
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| 363 | <para>In order to tear the connection down, run:</para>
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| 364 | <screen><userinput>poff <replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 365 |
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| 366 | </sect4>
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[c99aa38] | 367 | </sect3>
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[4839c17] | 368 |
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[c99aa38] | 369 | </sect2>
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[4839c17] | 370 |
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[c99aa38] | 371 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 372 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 373 |
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| 374 | <segmentedlist>
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| 375 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 376 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 377 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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[4839c17] | 378 |
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[c99aa38] | 379 | <seglistitem>
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[782820d] | 380 | <seg>chat, pon, poff, plog, pppd, pppdump, pppoe-discovery and pppstats</seg>
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[893d9711] | 381 | <seg>Several plugin modules installed in
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[782820d] | 382 | <filename class='directory'>/usr/lib/pppd/&ppp-version;</filename></seg>
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[c99aa38] | 383 | <seg>/etc/ppp, /usr/include/pppd and /usr/lib/pppd</seg>
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| 384 | </seglistitem>
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| 385 | </segmentedlist>
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[4839c17] | 386 |
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[c99aa38] | 387 | <variablelist>
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| 388 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 389 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 390 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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[4839c17] | 391 |
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[c99aa38] | 392 | <varlistentry id="chat">
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| 393 | <term><command>chat</command></term>
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| 394 | <listitem>
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[893d9711] | 395 | <para>defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the
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| 396 | modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the
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[919683dc] | 397 | Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (PPPD) and the remote
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[c99aa38] | 398 | <command>pppd</command> process.</para>
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| 399 | <indexterm zone="ppp chat">
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| 400 | <primary sortas="b-chat">chat</primary>
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| 401 | </indexterm>
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| 402 | </listitem>
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| 403 | </varlistentry>
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[4839c17] | 404 |
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[782820d] | 405 | <varlistentry id="pon">
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| 406 | <term><command>pon</command></term>
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| 407 | <listitem>
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| 408 | <para>is the script that establishes a PPP connection</para>
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| 409 | <indexterm zone="ppp pon">
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| 410 | <primary sortas="b-pon">pon</primary>
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| 411 | </indexterm>
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| 412 | </listitem>
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| 413 | </varlistentry>
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| 414 |
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| 415 | <varlistentry id="poff">
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| 416 | <term><command>poff</command></term>
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| 417 | <listitem>
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| 418 | <para>is the script that tears a PPP connection down.</para>
|
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| 419 | <indexterm zone="ppp poff">
|
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| 420 | <primary sortas="b-poff">poff</primary>
|
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| 421 | </indexterm>
|
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| 422 | </listitem>
|
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| 423 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 424 |
|
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| 425 | <varlistentry id="plog">
|
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| 426 | <term><command>plog</command></term>
|
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| 427 | <listitem>
|
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| 428 | <para>is a script that prints the tail of the PPP log.</para>
|
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| 429 | <indexterm zone="ppp plog">
|
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| 430 | <primary sortas="b-plog">plog</primary>
|
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| 431 | </indexterm>
|
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| 432 | </listitem>
|
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| 433 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 434 |
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| 435 |
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[c99aa38] | 436 | <varlistentry id="pppd">
|
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| 437 | <term><command>pppd</command></term>
|
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| 438 | <listitem>
|
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| 439 | <para>is the Point to Point Protocol daemon.</para>
|
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| 440 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppd">
|
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| 441 | <primary sortas="b-pppd">pppd</primary>
|
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| 442 | </indexterm>
|
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| 443 | </listitem>
|
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| 444 | </varlistentry>
|
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[4839c17] | 445 |
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[c99aa38] | 446 | <varlistentry id="pppdump">
|
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| 447 | <term><command>pppdump</command></term>
|
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| 448 | <listitem>
|
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[893d9711] | 449 | <para>is used to convert
|
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| 450 | <application>PPP</application> record files to a readable
|
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[c99aa38] | 451 | format.</para>
|
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| 452 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppdump">
|
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| 453 | <primary sortas="b-pppdump">pppdump</primary>
|
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| 454 | </indexterm>
|
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| 455 | </listitem>
|
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| 456 | </varlistentry>
|
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[4839c17] | 457 |
|
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[c99aa38] | 458 | <varlistentry id="pppstats">
|
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| 459 | <term><command>pppstats</command></term>
|
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| 460 | <listitem>
|
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[893d9711] | 461 | <para>is used to print
|
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[c99aa38] | 462 | <application>PPP</application> statistics.</para>
|
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| 463 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppstats">
|
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| 464 | <primary sortas="b-pppstats">pppstats</primary>
|
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| 465 | </indexterm>
|
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| 466 | </listitem>
|
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| 467 | </varlistentry>
|
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[4839c17] | 468 |
|
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[c99aa38] | 469 | </variablelist>
|
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| 470 |
|
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| 471 | </sect2>
|
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[f45b1953] | 472 |
|
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| 473 | </sect1>
|
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