1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
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8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
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9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
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10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "b3fb85fd479c0bf950c626ef80cacb57">
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11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "17 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "368 MB (add 40 MB for tests)">
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13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "1.3 SBU (add 4.4 SBU for tests, including rebuilding)">
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14 | <!--
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15 |
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16 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were install in LFS.
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17 |
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18 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
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19 | "https://docs.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2"> -->
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20 | ]>
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21 |
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22 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
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23 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
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24 |
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25 | <sect1info>
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26 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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27 | <date>$Date$</date>
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28 | </sect1info>
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29 |
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30 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
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31 |
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32 | <indexterm zone="python3">
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33 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
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34 | </indexterm>
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35 |
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36 | <sect2 role="package">
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37 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
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38 |
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39 | <para>
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40 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
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41 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
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42 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
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43 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
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44 | </para>
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45 |
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46 | <note><para><application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
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47 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
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48 | are needed.</para></note>
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49 |
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50 | &lfs90_checked;
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51 |
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52 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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53 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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54 | <listitem>
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55 | <para>
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56 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
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57 | </para>
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58 | </listitem>
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59 | <listitem>
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60 | <para>
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61 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
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62 | </para>
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63 | </listitem>
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64 | <listitem>
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65 | <para>
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66 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
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67 | </para>
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68 | </listitem>
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69 | <listitem>
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70 | <para>
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71 | Download size: &python3-size;
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72 | </para>
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73 | </listitem>
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74 | <listitem>
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75 | <para>
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76 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
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77 | </para>
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78 | </listitem>
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79 | <listitem>
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80 | <para>
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81 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
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82 | </para>
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83 | </listitem>
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84 | </itemizedlist>
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85 |
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86 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
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87 |
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88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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89 | <para role="required">
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90 | <!-- This is called upon during the installation of setuptools. -->
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91 | <!-- I've emailed DJ since there is a problem with this, and he is
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92 | technically upstream. Since it uses a Python module that isn't
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93 | recompiled yet, lsb_release fails to run.-->
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94 | <xref linkend="lsb-tools"/>
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95 | </para>
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96 |
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97 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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98 | <para role="optional">
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99 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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100 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
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101 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
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102 | <ulink url="http://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal">libmpcdec</ulink>
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103 | </para>
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104 |
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105 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
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106 | <para role="optional">
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107 | <xref linkend="db"/>,
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108 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/>, and
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109 | <xref linkend="tk"/>
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110 | </para>
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111 |
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112 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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113 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
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114 | </para>
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115 | </sect2>
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116 |
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117 | <sect2 role="installation">
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118 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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119 |
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120 | <para>
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121 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
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122 | commands:
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123 | </para>
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124 |
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125 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
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126 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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127 | --enable-shared \
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128 | --with-system-expat \
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129 | --with-system-ffi \
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130 | --with-ensurepip=yes &&
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131 | make</userinput></screen>
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132 |
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133 | <para>
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134 | The test suite must be run separately, using an X terminal (see below).
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135 | </para>
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136 |
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137 | <para>
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138 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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139 | </para>
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140 |
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141 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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142 | <!--ln -sfv pip&python3-majorver; /usr/bin/pip3 &&-->
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143 | chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython&python3-majorver;.so &&
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144 | chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython3.so</userinput></screen>
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145 |
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146 | <para>
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147 | The test suite must be run separately from the build, either before or
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148 | after the package is built and installed. Do not run
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149 | <command>make install</command> after running the test suite. To build
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150 | and install the package, you need to start with a fresh or clean source
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151 | tree. For the tests, you also need a clean source code, so either start by
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152 | removing the source code directory and starting over, by uncompressing
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153 | the source tarball or by running <command>make clean</command>. Then
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154 | configure again, adding <quote>--with-pydebug</quote> to the
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155 | <command>configure</command> switches above, run <command>make</command>,
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156 | then <command>make test</command>. Remember that tests must be executed
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157 | using an X terminal.
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158 | The test SBU highly depends on the speed of the internet connection.
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159 | The test_sqlite test is known to fail.
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160 | </para>
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161 |
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162 | </sect2>
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163 |
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164 | <sect2 role="commands">
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165 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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166 |
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167 | <para>
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168 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
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169 | message during configuration.
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170 | </para>
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171 |
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172 | <para>
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173 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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174 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
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175 | </para>
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176 |
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177 | <para>
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178 | <parameter>--with-system-ffi</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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179 | against system version of <application>libffi</application>.
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180 | </para>
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181 |
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182 | <para>
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183 | <parameter>--with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
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184 | <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging programs.
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185 | <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some Python modules.
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186 | </para>
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187 |
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188 | <para>
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189 | <option>--with-dbmliborder=bdb:gdbm:ndbm</option>: Use this switch
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190 | if you want to build <application>Python</application> DBM Module
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191 | against <application>Berkeley DB</application> instead of
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192 | <application>GDBM</application>.
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193 | </para>
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194 |
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195 | <para>
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196 | <option>--enable-optimization</option>: Use this switch
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197 | if you want to enable <emphasis>expensive</emphasis> optimizations (i.e.
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198 | Profile Guided Optimizations). This adds around 20 SBU, but can
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199 | <emphasis>slightly</emphasis> speed up some uses, such as using
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200 | <application>Sphinx</application> for creating documentation, or use of
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201 | <application>Python3</application> scripts.
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202 | </para>
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203 |
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204 | <para>
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205 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
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206 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
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207 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a</filename>
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208 | with a small increase in the time to compile
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209 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
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210 | any benefit from doing this.
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211 | </para>
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212 | <!--
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213 | <para>
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214 | <command>ln -sfv ...</command>: When upgrading to Python-3.8, it was
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215 | discovered that the symlink to pip3 is sometimes not created. Create
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216 | the symlink so that pip3 can be used as described in the book.
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217 | </para>
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218 | -->
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219 | <para>
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220 | <command>chmod ...</command>: Fix permissions for shared libraries to be
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221 | consistent with other libraries.
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222 | </para>
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223 |
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224 | </sect2>
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225 |
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226 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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227 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
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228 |
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229 | <para>
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230 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
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231 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
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232 | </para>
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233 |
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234 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
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235 |
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236 | <para>
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237 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
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238 | system's profile:
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239 | </para>
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240 |
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241 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
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242 |
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243 | </sect2>
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244 |
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245 | <sect2 role="content">
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246 | <title>Contents</title>
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247 |
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248 | <segmentedlist>
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249 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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250 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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251 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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252 |
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253 | <seglistitem>
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254 | <seg>
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255 | 2to3 (symlink) and
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256 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
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257 |
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258 | easy_install (symlink) and
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259 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
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260 |
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261 | idle3 (symlink) and
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262 | idle&python3-majorver;,
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263 |
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264 | pip3 (symlink) and
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265 | pip&python3-majorver;,
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266 |
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267 | pydoc3 (symlink) and
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268 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
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269 |
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270 | python3 (symlink);
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271 | python&python3-majorver;, and
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272 |
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273 | python3-config (symlink) and
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274 | python&python3-majorver;-config
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275 | <!--
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276 | pyvenv (symlink),
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277 | pyvenv-&python3-majorver;
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278 | -->
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279 | </seg>
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280 | <seg>
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281 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
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282 | </seg>
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283 | <seg>
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284 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
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285 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
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286 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
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287 | </seg>
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288 | </seglistitem>
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289 | </segmentedlist>
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290 |
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291 | <variablelist>
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292 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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293 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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294 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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295 | <!--
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296 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
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297 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
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298 | <listitem>
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299 | <para>
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300 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
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301 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
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302 | </para>
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303 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
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304 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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305 | </indexterm>
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306 | </listitem>
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307 | </varlistentry>
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308 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
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309 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
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310 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
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311 | <listitem>
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312 | <para>
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313 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
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314 | through the PIP package manager.
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315 | </para>
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316 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
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317 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
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318 | </indexterm>
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319 | </listitem>
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320 | </varlistentry>
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321 |
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322 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
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323 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
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324 | <listitem>
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325 | <para>
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326 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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327 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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328 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
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329 | Python module is built.
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330 | </para>
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331 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
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332 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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333 | </indexterm>
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334 | </listitem>
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335 | </varlistentry>
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336 |
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337 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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338 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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339 | <listitem>
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340 | <para>
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341 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
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342 | tool.
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343 | </para>
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344 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
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345 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
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346 | </indexterm>
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347 | </listitem>
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348 | </varlistentry>
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349 |
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350 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
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351 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
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352 | <listitem>
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353 | <para>
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354 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
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355 | language.
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356 | </para>
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357 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
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358 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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359 | </indexterm>
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360 | </listitem>
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361 | </varlistentry>
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362 |
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363 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
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364 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
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365 | <listitem>
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366 | <para>
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367 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
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368 | program.
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369 | </para>
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370 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
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371 | <primary
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372 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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373 | </indexterm>
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374 | </listitem>
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375 | </varlistentry>
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376 | <!--
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377 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
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378 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
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379 | <listitem>
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380 | <para>
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381 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
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382 | one or more target directories.
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383 | </para>
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384 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
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385 | <primary
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386 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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387 | </indexterm>
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388 | </listitem>
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389 | </varlistentry>
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390 | -->
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391 | </variablelist>
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392 |
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393 | </sect2>
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394 |
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395 | </sect1>
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