[d28198d3] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[2f6053d] | 7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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[1ddddef] | 9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "2fab3ea4460de9b57192e5b8b311f221">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "24 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "291 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.4 SBU">
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[d28198d3] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[2f6053d] | 15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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[d28198d3] | 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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[c4a1934a] | 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[d28198d3] | 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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[2f6053d] | 23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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[d28198d3] | 24 |
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[2f6053d] | 25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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[2f6053d] | 30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 31 |
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[2f6053d] | 32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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[d28198d3] | 33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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| 34 | AMD-V).</para>
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| 35 |
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[56d38b8] | 36 | &lfs77_checked;
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[27643d0f] | 37 |
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[d28198d3] | 38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 40 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 42 | </listitem>
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| 43 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 45 | </listitem>
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| 46 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 48 | </listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 51 | </listitem>
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| 52 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 54 | </listitem>
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| 55 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | </itemizedlist>
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[54f740f] | 59 |
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[2f6053d] | 60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[d28198d3] | 61 |
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| 62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 63 | <para role="required">
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[aa4778c4] | 64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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[c41b38f] | 65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>, and
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[d28198d3] | 66 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 |
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[c41b38f] | 69 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 70 | <para role="recommended">
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| 71 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>
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| 72 | </para>
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| 73 |
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[d28198d3] | 74 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 75 | <para role="optional">
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| 76 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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[8ade43b] | 77 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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[d28198d3] | 78 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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| 79 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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[8ade43b] | 80 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>,
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| 81 | <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
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| 82 | <xref linkend="gtk3"/>,
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| 83 | <xref linkend="libusb"/>,
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| 84 | <xref linkend="lzo"/>,
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| 85 | <xref linkend="nss"/> (for libcacard.so),
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[d28198d3] | 86 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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[8ade43b] | 87 | <xref linkend="vte"/>
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[d28198d3] | 88 | </para>
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| 89 |
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[9b13441] | 90 | <note>
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| 91 | <para>
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| 92 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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| 93 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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| 94 | </para>
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| 95 | </note>
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| 96 |
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[d28198d3] | 97 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[2f6053d] | 98 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 99 |
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| 100 | </sect2>
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| 101 |
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[2f6053d] | 102 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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[1eb4fcf] | 103 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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[d28198d3] | 104 |
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[2f6053d] | 105 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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[d28198d3] | 106 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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| 111 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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| 112 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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| 113 | LFS instance.</para>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | </sect2>
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| 116 |
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[2f6053d] | 117 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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[d28198d3] | 118 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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| 119 |
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[421128a1] | 120 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and
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| 121 | recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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[d28198d3] | 122 |
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[421128a1] | 123 | <screen><literal>[*] Virtualization: ---> [CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION]
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| 124 | <*/M> Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support [CONFIG_KVM]
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| 125 | <*/M> KVM for Intel processors support [CONFIG_KVM_INTEL]
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| 126 | <*/M> KVM for AMD processors support [CONFIG_KVM_AMD]</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 127 |
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[2f6053d] | 128 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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| 129 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 130 | </indexterm>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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| 133 | your system processor is required.</para>
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| 134 |
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[9b13441] | 135 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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| 136 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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| 137 |
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[421128a1] | 138 | <screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---> [CONFIG_NET]
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[9b13441] | 139 | Networking options --->
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[421128a1] | 140 | <*/M> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging [CONFIG_BRIDGE]
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[9b13441] | 141 | Device Drivers --->
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[421128a1] | 142 | [*] Network device support ---> [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
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| 143 | <*/M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support [CONFIG_TUN]</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 144 |
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| 145 | </sect2>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[2f6053d] | 148 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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[0d7900a] | 149 |
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[2f6053d] | 150 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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[d28198d3] | 151 | commands:</para>
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| 152 |
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[d459ba1] | 153 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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[9b13441] | 154 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 155 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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[2f6053d] | 156 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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[9b13441] | 157 | make</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 158 |
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[2f6053d] | 159 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 160 |
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| 161 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 162 |
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[9b13441] | 163 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[9da47337] | 164 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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[9a04a8e9] | 165 |
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| 166 | <para>
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| 167 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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[dada702] | 168 | allowed to access the KVM device. Create this group by running the following
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| 169 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[9a04a8e9] | 170 | </para>
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| 171 |
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[92cd4cad] | 172 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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[9a04a8e9] | 173 |
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| 174 | <para>
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| 175 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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| 176 | </para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <para>
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[6463c3c] | 181 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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[9a04a8e9] | 182 | permissions:
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| 183 | </para>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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[009eb04] | 186 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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[9a04a8e9] | 187 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 188 |
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[2f6053d] | 189 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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[d28198d3] | 190 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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| 191 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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[2f6053d] | 192 | -->
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[0d7900a] | 193 |
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[d28198d3] | 194 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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| 195 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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| 196 |
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[c612fc3] | 197 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 198 | </note>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | </sect2>
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| 201 |
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[6a54383] | 202 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 203 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 204 |
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[9b13441] | 205 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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[2f6053d] | 206 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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| 207 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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| 208 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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[6a54383] | 209 |
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[9b13441] | 210 | <para>
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| 211 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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| 212 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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| 213 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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| 214 | OSS.
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| 215 | </para>
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[6a54383] | 216 |
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[9b13441] | 217 | </sect2>
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[6a54383] | 218 |
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[d28198d3] | 219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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[2f6053d] | 220 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 221 |
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| 222 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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| 225 |
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| 226 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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| 227 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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| 228 | is used.</para>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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| 231 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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[ef5a37b] | 232 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 233 |
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| 234 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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[1659792] | 235 | a pre-installed cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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[d28198d3] | 236 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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| 237 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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| 238 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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| 239 |
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[2f6053d] | 240 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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[0d7900a] | 241 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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[d28198d3] | 242 | -boot d \
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| 243 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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[2f6053d] | 246 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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| 247 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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| 248 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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| 249 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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| 250 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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| 251 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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| 252 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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| 253 | relatively slow.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 254 |
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| 255 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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| 256 |
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[2f6053d] | 257 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 258 |
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| 259 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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| 260 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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| 261 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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[0d7900a] | 264 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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[d28198d3] | 265 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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| 266 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 269 | <listitem>
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| 270 | <para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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| 271 | </listitem>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | <listitem>
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| 274 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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| 275 |
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[58196bbf] | 276 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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[0d7900a] | 277 |
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| 278 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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[d28198d3] | 279 | <filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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| 280 |
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[58196bbf] | 281 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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[0d7900a] | 282 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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[d28198d3] | 283 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 284 |
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| 285 | </listitem>
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| 286 |
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[670f775] | 287 | <listitem>
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| 288 | <para>Allow the network connection when running as a part of the
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| 289 | kvm group:</para>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <screen role="root"><userinput>chgrp kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper &&
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| 292 | chmod 4750 /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper</userinput></screen>
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| 293 |
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| 294 | </listitem>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <listitem>
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| 297 | <para>Set up a required configuration file:</para>
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| 298 |
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| 299 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo 'allow br0' > /etc/qemu/bridge.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 300 |
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| 301 | </listitem>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <!--
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[d28198d3] | 304 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 305 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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[d28198d3] | 306 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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| 307 |
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[58196bbf] | 308 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 309 | #!/bin/bash
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| 310 |
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| 311 | switch=br0
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| 312 |
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[71e6ae5] | 313 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 314 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 315 | /sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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[d28198d3] | 316 | sleep 0.5s
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[71e6ae5] | 317 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 318 | else
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| 319 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 320 | exit 1
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| 321 | fi
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| 322 |
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[0d7900a] | 323 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 324 | EOF
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| 325 |
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| 326 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 327 |
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[58196bbf] | 328 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 329 | #!/bin/bash
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| 330 |
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| 331 | switch=br0
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| 332 |
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[71e6ae5] | 333 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 334 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 335 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 336 | else
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| 337 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 338 | exit 1
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| 339 | fi
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| 340 |
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[0d7900a] | 341 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 342 | EOF
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| 343 |
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| 344 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 345 |
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| 346 | </listitem>
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[71e6ae5] | 347 | </itemizedlist>
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| 348 |
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[e88d7000] | 349 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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[71e6ae5] | 350 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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| 351 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 352 |
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[670f775] | 353 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> -->
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[d28198d3] | 354 | <listitem>
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[670f775] | 355 | <!--<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>-->
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| 356 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net bridge" options. </para>
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[d28198d3] | 357 | </listitem>
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| 358 |
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| 359 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 360 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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[670f775] | 361 | client VM is desired, the client should be configured
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[d28198d3] | 362 | with a static IP address.</para>
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| 363 | </listitem>
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| 364 |
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| 365 | </itemizedlist>
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| 366 |
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| 367 | </sect2>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 370 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 371 |
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| 372 | <segmentedlist>
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[9b13441] | 373 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 374 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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[d28198d3] | 375 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 376 |
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| 377 | <seglistitem>
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[9b13441] | 378 | <seg>
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| 379 | qemu-ga,
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| 380 | qemu-img,
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| 381 | qemu-io,
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| 382 | qemu-nbd,
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| 383 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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| 384 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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| 385 | vscclient
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| 386 | </seg>
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[8ade43b] | 387 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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[9b13441] | 388 | <seg>
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| 389 | /etc/qemu,
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| 390 | /usr/include/cacard,
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| 391 | /usr/lib/qemu,
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| 392 | /usr/share/qemu, and
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| 393 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
|
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| 394 | </seg>
|
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[d28198d3] | 395 | </seglistitem>
|
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| 396 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 397 |
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| 398 | <variablelist>
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| 399 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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| 400 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 401 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 402 |
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| 403 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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| 404 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
|
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| 405 | <listitem>
|
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| 406 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
|
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| 407 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
|
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| 408 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 409 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
|
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[d28198d3] | 410 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
|
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| 411 | </indexterm>
|
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| 412 | </listitem>
|
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| 413 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 414 |
|
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| 415 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
|
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| 416 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
|
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| 417 | <listitem>
|
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| 418 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 419 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
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[d28198d3] | 420 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
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| 421 | </indexterm>
|
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| 422 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 423 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 424 |
|
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| 425 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
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| 426 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
---|
| 427 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 428 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
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| 429 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 430 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
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[d28198d3] | 431 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
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| 432 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 433 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 434 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 435 |
|
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| 436 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
---|
| 437 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
---|
| 438 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 439 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
---|
| 440 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 441 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 442 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
---|
| 443 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 444 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 445 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 446 |
|
---|
| 447 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
---|
| 448 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
---|
| 449 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 450 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 451 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 452 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
---|
| 453 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 454 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 455 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[8ade43b] | 456 |
|
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[9b13441] | 457 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
---|
| 458 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
---|
| 459 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 460 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
---|
| 461 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
---|
| 462 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
---|
| 463 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 464 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 465 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[8ade43b] | 466 |
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 467 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 468 |
|
---|
| 469 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 470 |
|
---|
| 471 | </sect1>
|
---|