[ab4fdfc] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[feeb99a] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[46fb0f9] | 8 | <chapter id="x-window-system" xreflabel="a graphical environment">
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[c03b9f3] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="installing.html" ?>
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[b9ad2f9a] | 10 |
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[32936bc] | 11 | <title id="xorg" xreflabel="Xorg Chapter">Graphical Environments</title>
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[f45b1953] | 12 |
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[71df408] | 13 | <para>
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| 14 | This chapter contains instructions to build and configure a graphical
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| 15 | user environment.
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| 16 | </para>
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| 17 |
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[46fb0f9] | 18 | <!-- Historical but not very useful now
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[71df408] | 19 | <para>
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| 20 | <application>Xorg</application>, in addition to clearing up some
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| 21 | licensing issues with <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86</ulink>,
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| 22 | introduced a completely auto-tooled build for the X Window system. This
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| 23 | means that the packages build and install using the conventional
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| 24 | <command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
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| 25 | install</command> commands, as opposed to a proprietary build system that
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| 26 | required hand editing of configuration parameters in a C-like syntax.
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| 27 | </para>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <para>
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| 30 | <application>Xorg</application> also brought with it a modular build
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| 31 | system. While this separation into modules resulted in full control of the
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| 32 | features available to the X server on any given installation, it also made
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| 33 | the installation more tedious as it requires installing more than 100
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| 34 | different packages to obtain a functional X Window environment. Most large
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| 35 | commercial distributions have elected to use <application>Xorg</application>
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| 36 | over the <application>XFree86</application> distribution due to both
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| 37 | licensing issues and the increased functionality provided by it over
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| 38 | <application>XFree86</application>. With the modular build system, also came
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| 39 | incremental updates to individual packages. The distribution of
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| 40 | <application>Xorg</application> is given a release number by the developers,
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| 41 | in this case Xorg-&xorg-version;, and is referred to as the "katamari" by
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| 42 | the upstream developers.
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| 43 | </para>
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[5287b7c] | 44 |
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[71df408] | 45 | <para>
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| 46 | Additionally, the BLFS book appends a build number
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| 47 | to the end of version string to indicate whether a group of incremental
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| 48 | updates has been applied, while still retaining the versioning scheme of the
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| 49 | upstream developers. For instance, Xorg-&xorg-version;-1 would indicate that
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| 50 | this is the 1st release, and is consistent with the katamari, while
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| 51 | Xorg-&xorg-version;-2 would indicate that individual package updates have
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| 52 | been applied to the katamari.
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| 53 | </para>
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[46fb0f9] | 54 | -->
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <para>
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| 57 | For a long time the only graphical environment usable with GNU/Linux has
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| 58 | been the <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis>. It uses a client/server
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[cf60b15] | 59 | model which allows writing applications completely independent of
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[46fb0f9] | 60 | the graphical hardware. This has the drawback that accessing modern
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[7f41c4ae] | 61 | hardware acceleration is difficult, so another approach named
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| 62 | <emphasis>Wayland</emphasis> is developed.
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| 63 | It is a simpler replacement for X, easier to develop and maintain, using
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| 64 | the OpenGL framework. The main desktop environments GNOME and KDE have
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| 65 | been ported to it.
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[46fb0f9] | 66 | </para>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <para>
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| 69 | This chapter provides the basic components of the X Window System and
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| 70 | Wayland. For X, the chosen implementation is Xorg, which is a modular
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[75fee1b] | 71 | implementation and requires more than 100 packages to be installed. The
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| 72 | distribution of Xorg is given a release number by the developers, in this
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| 73 | case Xorg-&xorg-version;. Individual packages are updated as needed without
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[46fb0f9] | 74 | changing this number.
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| 75 | </para>
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[25a6c5c2] | 76 |
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[e05cd03f] | 77 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg7.xml"/>
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[3b69a2aa] | 78 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="util-macros.xml"/>
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[49df687a] | 79 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorgproto.xml"/>
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[e05cd03f] | 80 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXau.xml"/>
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| 81 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXdmcp.xml"/>
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[c5c81b2] | 82 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-proto.xml"/>
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| 83 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcb.xml"/>
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[e05cd03f] | 84 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7lib.xml"/>
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[6b4bc17] | 85 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcvt.xml"/>
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[c5c81b2] | 86 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util.xml"/>
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[a78e0c4] | 87 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-image.xml"/>
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[55b96860] | 88 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-keysyms.xml"/>
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[a78e0c4] | 89 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-renderutil.xml"/>
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[55b96860] | 90 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-wm.xml"/>
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[1c8d0ff] | 91 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-cursor.xml"/>
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[7a395d1] | 92 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="mesa.xml"/>
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[795baef9] | 93 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xbitmaps.xml"/>
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[e05cd03f] | 94 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7app.xml"/>
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[286a2db] | 95 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="luit.xml"/>
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[64e3f6b7] | 96 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcursor-themes.xml"/>
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[e05cd03f] | 97 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7font.xml"/>
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| 98 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xkeyboard-config.xml"/>
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[ab5ea1f1] | 99 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xwayland.xml"/>
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[5faf7f7e] | 100 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-server.xml"/>
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[e05cd03f] | 101 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7driver.xml"/>
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[cee204d9] | 102 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="twm.xml"/>
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[c5c81b2] | 103 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xterm.xml"/>
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[bb001d2] | 104 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xclock.xml"/>
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[7babf715] | 105 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xinit.xml"/>
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[7c472863] | 106 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-config.xml"/>
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[e180a646] | 107 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="tuning-fontconfig.xml"/>
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| 108 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TTF-and-OTF-fonts.xml"/>
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[124f752c] | 109 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7legacy.xml"/>
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[f45b1953] | 110 | </chapter>
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