[d28b5ef] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[7c472863] | 8 | <sect1 id="xorg-config">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="xorg-config.html"?>
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[d28b5ef] | 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info>
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[8020e8b] | 12 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 13 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[d28b5ef] | 14 | </sect1info>
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| 15 |
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[5287b7c] | 16 | <title>Xorg-&xorg-version; Testing and Configuration</title>
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[d28b5ef] | 17 |
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[b960e3ec] | 18 | <indexterm zone="xorg-config">
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| 19 | <primary sortas="g-configuring-xorg">Configuring Xorg</primary>
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| 20 | </indexterm>
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| 21 |
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[da4b5e0] | 22 | <sect2 id='X11-testing' xreflabel="Testing Xorg">
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[5930509] | 23 | <title>Testing Xorg</title>
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[0d7900a] | 24 |
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[da4b5e0] | 25 | <note>
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| 26 | <para>
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| 27 | Before starting Xorg for the first time, is is useful to
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| 28 | rebuild the library cache by running <userinput>ldconfig</userinput>
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| 29 | as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
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| 30 | </para>
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| 31 | </note>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <para>
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| 34 | To test the <application>Xorg</application> installation, issue
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| 35 | <command>startx</command>. This command brings up a rudimentary window
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| 36 | manager called <emphasis>twm</emphasis> with three xterm windows and one
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| 37 | xclock window. The xterm window in the upper left is a login terminal and
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| 38 | running <emphasis>exit</emphasis> from this terminal will exit the
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| 39 | <application>X Window</application> session. The third xterm window may
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| 40 | be obscured on your system by the other two xterms.
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| 41 | </para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <note>
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | When testing <application>Xorg</application> with the
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| 46 | <application>twm</application> window manager, there will be several
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| 47 | warnings in the Xorg log file, <filename revision="sysv">
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| 48 | /var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename><filename revision="systemd">
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| 49 | $HOME/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log</filename>, about missing font
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| 50 | files. In addition, there will be several warnings on the text mode
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| 51 | terminal (usually tty1) about missing fonts. These warnings do not
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| 52 | affect functionality, but can be removed if desired by installing
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| 53 | the <xref linkend="xorg7-legacy"/>.
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| 54 | </para>
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| 55 | </note>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <para>
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| 58 | Generally, there is no specific configuration required for
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| 59 | <application>Xorg</application>, but customization is possible. For
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| 60 | details, see <xref linkend='xconfig'/> below.
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| 61 | </para>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | </sect2>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="checking-dri" xreflabel="Checking the DRI
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| 66 | installation">
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[7612749] | 67 | <title>Checking the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
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| 68 | Installation</title>
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[2001b3e] | 69 |
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[f38727d] | 70 | <para>
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[7612749] | 71 | DRI is a framework for allowing software to access graphics hardware in
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| 72 | a safe and efficient manner. It is installed in
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| 73 | <application>X</application> by default (using
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| 74 | <application>Mesa</application>) if you have a supported video card.
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[f38727d] | 75 | </para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <para>
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| 78 | To check if DRI drivers are installed properly, check the log file
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[7612749] | 79 | <filename revision="sysv">/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename><filename
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| 80 | revision="systemd">$HOME/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log</filename> for
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| 81 | statements such as:
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[f38727d] | 82 | </para>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <screen><literal>(II) intel(0): direct rendering: DRI2 Enabled</literal></screen>
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| 85 |
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[c96921c] | 86 | <para>or</para>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <screen><literal>(II) NOUVEAU(0): Loaded DRI module</literal></screen>
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| 89 |
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[f38727d] | 90 | <note>
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| 91 | <para>
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| 92 | DRI configuration may differ if you are using alternate drivers, such
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| 93 | as those from
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| 94 | <ulink url="http://www.nvidia.com/page/home.html">NVIDIA</ulink> or
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[fce3067] | 95 | <ulink url="http://www.amd.com/">AMD</ulink>.
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[f38727d] | 96 | </para>
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[2001b3e] | 97 | </note>
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| 98 |
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[f38727d] | 99 | <para>
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[7612749] | 100 | Although all users can use software acceleration, any hardware
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| 101 | acceleration (DRI2) is only available to <systemitem
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| 102 | class="username">root</systemitem> and members of the <systemitem
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| 103 | class="groupname">video</systemitem> group, but
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| 104 | <phrase revision="sysv"><emphasis>ConsoleKit2</emphasis></phrase>
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| 105 | <phrase revision="systemd"><emphasis>systemd-logind</emphasis></phrase>
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| 106 | takes care of adding any logged in user to the user ACL's of
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| 107 | <filename>/dev/dri/card*</filename>, the special file(s) allowing access
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| 108 | to hardware acceleration.<phrase revision="systemd"> So, no further
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| 109 | configuration is needed.</phrase>
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[f38727d] | 110 | </para>
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[2001b3e] | 111 |
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[7612749] | 112 | <para revision="sysv">
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| 113 | If your driver is supported and <emphasis>ConsoleKit2</emphasis> is not
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| 114 | installed, add any users that might use X to the <systemitem
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| 115 | class="groupname">video</systemitem> group:
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[f38727d] | 116 | </para>
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[2001b3e] | 117 |
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[7612749] | 118 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>usermod -a -G video <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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[2001b3e] | 119 |
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[f38727d] | 120 | <para>
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[c96921c] | 121 | Another way to determine if DRI is working properly is to use one of the
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| 122 | two optionally installed OpenGL demo programs in <xref
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[7a395d1] | 123 | linkend="mesa"/>. From an X terminal, run <command>glxinfo</command>
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[f38727d] | 124 | and look for the phrase:
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| 125 | </para>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <screen><computeroutput>name of display: :0
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| 128 | display: :0 screen: 0
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| 129 | direct rendering: Yes</computeroutput></screen>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <para>
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| 132 | If direct rendering is enabled, you can add verbosity by running
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[7612749] | 133 | <command>LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose glxinfo</command>. This will show the
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| 134 | drivers, device nodes and files used by the DRI system.
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[f38727d] | 135 | </para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <para>
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[c96921c] | 138 | To confirm that DRI2 hardware acceleration is working, you can (still in
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| 139 | the X terminal) run the command <command>glxinfo | egrep "(OpenGL
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| 140 | vendor|OpenGL renderer|OpenGL version)"</command>.
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| 141 | If that reports something <emphasis>other than</emphasis>
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| 142 | <literal>Software Rasterizer</literal> then you have working
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| 143 | acceleration for the user who ran the command.
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[f38727d] | 144 | </para>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <para>
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[c96921c] | 147 | If your hardware does not have any DRI2 driver available, it will use a
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[7612749] | 148 | Software Rasterizer for Direct Rendering. In such cases, you can use a
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| 149 | new, LLVM-accelerated, Software Rasterizer called LLVMPipe. In order to
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| 150 | build LLVMPipe just make sure that <xref linkend="llvm"/> is present at
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| 151 | Mesa build time. Note that all decoding is done on the CPU instead of
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| 152 | the GPU, so the display will run slower than with hardware acceleration.
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| 153 | To check if you are using LLVMpipe, review the output of the glxinfo
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| 154 | command above. An example of the output using the Software Rasterizer
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| 155 | is shown below:
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[f38727d] | 156 | </para>
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| 157 |
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[c8a70a5] | 158 | <screen><computeroutput>OpenGL vendor string: VMware, Inc.
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| 159 | OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.5, 256 bits)
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[9b175e27] | 160 | OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 10.4.5</computeroutput></screen>
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[f38727d] | 161 |
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| 162 | <para>
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[7612749] | 163 | You can also force LLVMPipe by exporting the
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| 164 | <envar>LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1</envar> environment variable when
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| 165 | starting Xorg.
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[f38727d] | 166 | </para>
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <para>
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[c96921c] | 169 | Again, if you have built the Mesa OpenGL demos, you can also run the test
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| 170 | program <command>glxgears</command>. This program brings up a window with
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| 171 | three gears turning. The X terminal will display how many frames were
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| 172 | drawn every five seconds, so this will give a rough benchmark. The window
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| 173 | is scalable, and the frames drawn per second is highly dependent on the
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| 174 | size of the window. On some hardware, <command>glxgears</command> will
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| 175 | run synchronized with the vertical refresh signal and the frame rate will
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| 176 | be approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
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[f38727d] | 177 | </para>
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[2001b3e] | 178 |
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[da4b5e0] | 179 | </sect2>
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[2001b3e] | 180 |
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[da4b5e0] | 181 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="hybrid-graphics" xreflabel="Hybrid Graphics">
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[f38727d] | 182 | <title>Hybrid Graphics</title>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>
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[7612749] | 185 | Hybrid Graphics is still in experimental state for Linux. Xorg Developers
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| 186 | have developed a technology called PRIME that can be used for switching
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| 187 | between integrated and muxless discrete GPU at will. Automatic switching
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| 188 | is not possible at the moment.
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[f38727d] | 189 | </para>
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| 190 |
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| 191 | <para>
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[7612749] | 192 | In order to use PRIME for GPU switching, make sure that you are using
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| 193 | Linux Kernel 3.4 or later (recommended). You will need latest DRI and
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| 194 | DDX drivers for your hardware and <application>Xorg Server</application>
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[6039a39] | 195 | 1.13 or later.
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[f38727d] | 196 | </para>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <para>
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[7612749] | 199 | <application>Xorg Server</application> should load both GPU drivers
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[6039a39] | 200 | automaticaly. You can check that by running:
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| 201 | </para>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <screen><userinput>xrandr --listproviders</userinput></screen>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <para>
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| 206 | There should be two (or more) providers listed, for example:
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| 207 | </para>
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| 208 |
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| 209 | <screen><computeroutput>Providers: number : 2
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| 210 | Provider 0: id: 0x7d cap: 0xb, Source Output, Sink Output, Sink Offload crtcs: 3 outputs: 4 associated providers: 1 name:Intel
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| 211 | Provider 1: id: 0x56 cap: 0xf, Source Output, Sink Output, Source Offload, Sink Offload crtcs: 6 outputs: 1 associated providers: 1 name:radeon</computeroutput></screen>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <para>
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| 214 | In order to be able to run a GLX application on a discrete GPU, you will
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| 215 | need to run the following command, where <provider> is the more
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| 216 | powerful discrete card, and <sink> is the card which has a display
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| 217 | connected:
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| 218 | </para>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <screen><userinput>xrandr --setprovideroffloadsink <replaceable><provider> <sink></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <note>
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| 223 | <para>
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| 224 | With newer <application>Xorg</application> drivers, such as modesetting
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| 225 | or intel, which are DRI3 capable, the above command is no longer
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| 226 | necessary. It does no harm however.
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| 227 | </para>
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| 228 | </note>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <para>
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| 231 | Then, you will need to export the <envar>DRI_PRIME=1</envar> environment
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| 232 | variable each time you want the powerful GPU to be used. For example,
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[0d7900a] | 233 |
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[f38727d] | 234 | <screen><userinput>DRI_PRIME=1 glxinfo | egrep "(OpenGL vendor|OpenGL renderer|OpenGL version)"</userinput></screen>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | will show OpenGL vendor, renderer and version for the discrete GPU.
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| 237 | </para>
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <para>
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[c96921c] | 240 | If the last command reports same OpenGL renderer with and without
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| 241 | <envar>DRI_PRIME=1</envar>, you will need to check your installation.
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[f38727d] | 242 | </para>
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[2001b3e] | 243 |
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[da4b5e0] | 244 | </sect2>
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[2001b3e] | 245 |
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[d28b5ef] | 246 | <sect2 role="configuration" id='xconfig'>
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| 247 | <title>Setting up Xorg Devices</title>
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[c96921c] | 248 |
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[da4b5e0] | 249 | <para>
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| 250 | For most hardware configurations, modern Xorg will automatically
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| 251 | get the server configuration correct without any user intervention. There
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| 252 | are, however, some cases where auto-configuration will be incorrect.
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| 253 | Following are some example manual configuration items that may be of use
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| 254 | in these instances.
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| 255 | </para>
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[d28b5ef] | 256 |
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| 257 | <sect3 id="xinput">
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[da4b5e0] | 258 | <title>Setting up X Input Devices</title>
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| 259 | <para>
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| 260 | For most input devices, no additional configuration will be
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| 261 | necessary. This section is provided for informational purposes only.
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| 262 | </para>
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[0d7900a] | 263 |
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[da4b5e0] | 264 | <para>
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| 265 | A sample default XKB setup could look like the following (executed as
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| 266 | the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):
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| 267 | </para>
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[c96921c] | 268 |
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[7612749] | 269 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/xkb-defaults.conf << "EOF"
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[d28b5ef] | 270 | Section "InputClass"
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| 271 | Identifier "XKB Defaults"
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| 272 | MatchIsKeyboard "yes"
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[7612749] | 273 | Option "XkbLayout" "fr"
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[d28b5ef] | 274 | Option "XkbOptions" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
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[b194f2b] | 275 | EndSection
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[d28b5ef] | 276 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 277 |
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[da4b5e0] | 278 | <para>
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| 279 | The <quote>XkbLayout</quote> line is an example for a French (AZERTY)
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| 280 | keyboard. Change it to your keyboard model. That line is not needed for
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| 281 | a QWERTY (US) keyboard.
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| 282 | </para>
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| 283 | </sect3>
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[d28b5ef] | 284 |
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[da4b5e0] | 285 | <sect3 id="xdisplay">
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| 286 | <title>Fine Tuning Display Settings</title>
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[f3429309] | 287 |
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[da4b5e0] | 288 | <para>
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| 289 | Again, with modern Xorg, little or no additional configuration is
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| 290 | necessary. If you should need extra options passed to your video driver,
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| 291 | for instance, you could use something like the following (again,
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| 292 | executed as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):
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| 293 | </para>
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[d28b5ef] | 294 |
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[da4b5e0] | 295 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/videocard-0.conf << "EOF"
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[d28b5ef] | 296 | Section "Device"
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| 297 | Identifier "Videocard0"
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| 298 | Driver "radeon"
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| 299 | VendorName "Videocard vendor"
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| 300 | BoardName "ATI Radeon 7500"
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| 301 | Option "NoAccel" "true"
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| 302 | EndSection
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| 303 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 304 |
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[da4b5e0] | 305 | <para>
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| 306 | Another common setup is having multiple server layouts for use in
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| 307 | different environments. Though the server will automatically detect the
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| 308 | presence of another monitor, it may get the order incorrect:
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| 309 | </para>
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[d28b5ef] | 310 |
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[da4b5e0] | 311 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/server-layout.conf << "EOF"
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[d28b5ef] | 312 | Section "ServerLayout"
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| 313 | Identifier "DefaultLayout"
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| 314 | Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
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| 315 | Screen 1 "Screen1" LeftOf "Screen0"
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| 316 | Option "Xinerama"
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| 317 | EndSection
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| 318 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 319 |
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[da4b5e0] | 320 | </sect3>
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[d28b5ef] | 321 | </sect2>
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| 322 | </sect1>
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