Changeset e180a646 for x/installing/xorg-config.xml
- Timestamp:
- 01/25/2017 05:03:58 PM (7 years ago)
- Branches:
- 10.0, 10.1, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.0, 12.1, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, basic, bdubbs/svn, elogind, kea, ken/TL2024, ken/inkscape-core-mods, ken/tuningfonts, lazarus, lxqt, perl-modules, plabs/newcss, plabs/python-mods, python3.11, qt5new, rahul/power-profiles-daemon, renodr/vulkan-addition, trunk, upgradedb, xry111/intltool, xry111/llvm18, xry111/soup3, xry111/test-20220226, xry111/xf86-video-removal
- Children:
- 7985ac6c
- Parents:
- 5dab33c6
- File:
-
- 1 edited
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x/installing/xorg-config.xml
r5dab33c6 re180a646 183 183 </sect2> 184 184 185 <sect2 role="configuration" id="xft-font-protocol" xreflabel="Xft Font Protocol">186 <title>Xft Font Protocol</title>187 188 <indexterm zone="xft-font-protocol" id="fonts">189 <primary sortas="g-truetype">TrueType Fonts</primary>190 </indexterm>191 192 <para>Xft provides antialiased font rendering through193 <application>Freetype</application>, and fonts are controlled from the194 client side using <application>Fontconfig</application>. The default195 search path is <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fonts</filename>196 and <filename class="directory">~/.fonts</filename>.197 <application>Fontconfig</application> searches directories in its198 path recursively and maintains a cache of the font characteristics in199 <filename>fonts.cache-1</filename> files in each directory. If the cache200 appears to be out of date, it is ignored, and information is (slowly)201 fetched from the fonts themselves. This cache202 can be regenerated using the <command>fc-cache</command> command at any203 time. You can see the list of fonts known by204 <application>Fontconfig</application> by running the command205 <command>fc-list</command>.</para>206 207 <para>If you've installed <application>Xorg</application> in any prefix208 other than <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>, the209 <application>X</application> fonts were not installed in a210 location known to <application>Fontconfig</application>. This prevents211 <application>Fontconfig</application> from using the poorly rendered212 Type 1 fonts or the non-scalable bitmapped fonts. Symlinks were created213 from the <filename class="directory">OTF</filename> and <filename214 class="directory">TTF</filename> <application>X</application> font215 directories to <filename216 class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/X11-{OTF,TTF}</filename>. This allows217 <application>Fontconfig</application> to use the OpenType and TrueType218 fonts provided by <application>X</application> (which are scalable and219 of higher quality).</para>220 221 <para><application>Fontconfig</application> uses names such as222 "Monospace 12" to define fonts. Applications generally use generic font223 names such as "Monospace", "Sans" and "Serif".224 <application>Fontconfig</application> resolves these names to a font that225 has all characters that cover the orthography of the language indicated226 by the locale settings. Knowledge of these font names is included in227 <filename>/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</filename>. Fonts that are not listed228 in this file are still usable by <application>Fontconfig</application>,229 but they will not be accessible by the generic family names.</para>230 231 <para>Standard scalable fonts that come with <application>X</application>232 provide very poor Unicode coverage. You may notice in applications that233 use <application>Xft</application> that some characters appear as a box234 with four binary digits inside. In this case, a font set with the235 available glyphs has not been found. Other times, applications that236 don't use other font families by default and don't accept substitutions237 from <application>Fontconfig</application> will display blank lines when238 the default font doesn't cover the orthography of the user's language.239 This happens, e.g., with <application>Fluxbox</application> in the240 ru_RU.KOI8-R locale.</para>241 242 <para>In order to provide greater Unicode coverage, it is recommended243 that you install these fonts:</para>244 245 <itemizedlist>246 <listitem>247 <para><ulink url="http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/">DejaVu fonts</ulink>248 - These fonts are replacements for the Bitstream Vera fonts and249 provide Latin-based scripts with accents and Cyrillic glyphs.</para>250 </listitem>251 <listitem>252 <para><ulink253 url="http://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/freefont/">FreeFont</ulink>254 - This set of fonts covers nearly every non-CJK character, but is not255 visually pleasing. <application>Fontconfig</application> will use it256 as a last resort to substitute generic font family names.</para>257 </listitem>258 <listitem>259 <para><ulink260 url="http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/">Microsoft Core fonts</ulink>261 - These fonts provide slightly worse Unicode coverage than FreeFont,262 but are better hinted. Be sure to read the license before using263 them. These fonts are listed in the aliases in the264 <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename> directory265 by default.</para>266 </listitem>267 <listitem>268 <para><ulink269 url="http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/blfs/conglomeration/Xorg//fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz">Firefly New Sung font</ulink>270 - This font ('AR PL New Sung') provides Chinese coverage and is271 listed in the aliases in the272 the <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename>273 directory by default.</para>274 </listitem>275 <listitem>276 <para><ulink277 url="http://packages.debian.org/sid/fonts-arphic-ukai">UKai fonts</ulink>278 and <ulink279 url="http://packages.debian.org/sid/fonts-arphic-uming">UMing fonts</ulink>280 - Newer sets (ttc) of Chinese fonts similarto the Firefly New Sung font,281 containing variations of Simplified and Traditional. The Ming style is282 similar to Sung (or Song), Kai is a slightly different style but still283 looks to people used to the latin alphabets like a Serif font.284 </para>285 </listitem>286 <listitem>287 <para><ulink288 url="http://sourceforge.jp/projects/efont/">Kochi fonts</ulink> -289 These provide Japanese characters, and are listed in the aliases290 in the <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename>291 directory by default.</para>292 </listitem>293 <listitem>294 <para><ulink295 url="http://kldp.net/projects/baekmuk/">Baekmuk fonts</ulink>296 - These fonts provide Korean coverage, and some are listed297 <!-- Batang, Dotum in 40-nonlatin, 65-nonlatin adds Gulim -->298 in the aliases in the299 <filename class="directory">/etc/fonts/conf.d</filename> directory300 by default.</para>301 </listitem>302 <listitem>303 <para><ulink304 url="&gnome-download-http;/cantarell-fonts/0.0/">Cantarell fonts</ulink>305 - The Cantarell typeface family provides a contemporary Humanist sans306 serif. It is particularly optimised for legibility at small sizes and is307 the preferred font family for the <application>GNOME-3</application> user308 interface.</para>309 </listitem>310 </itemizedlist>311 312 <para>The list above will not provide complete Unicode coverage.313 Unicode is updated every year, and most additions are now for historic314 writing systems. For almost-complete coverage you can install <xref315 linkend="noto-fonts"/> (about 180 fonts when last checked) but that316 number of fonts makes it <emphasis>much</emphasis> less convenient to317 select a specific font in a document, and most people will regard many318 of them as a waste of space. We used to recommend the <ulink319 url="http://unifont.org/fontguide/">Unicode Font Guide</ulink>, but that320 has not been updated since 2008 and many of its links are dead.</para>321 322 <para>Rendered examples of most of the above fonts, and many others,323 can be found at this324 <ulink url="http://zarniwhoop.uk/ttf-otf-notes.html#examples">325 font analysis</ulink> page.</para>326 327 <para>As a font installation example, consider the installation of the328 DejaVu fonts. In this particular package, the TTF files are in a329 subdirectory. From the unpacked source directory, run the following330 commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>331 332 <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&333 install -v -m644 ttf/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/dejavu &&334 fc-cache -v /usr/share/fonts/dejavu</userinput></screen>335 336 <para>Fonts are often supplied in zip files, requiring <xref linkend="unzip"/>337 to list and extract them, but even if the current release is a tarball338 you should still check to see if it will create a directory.</para>339 340 </sect2>341 342 185 <sect2 role="configuration" id='xconfig'> 343 186 <title>Setting up Xorg Devices</title>
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