[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[1770019] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 4 | %general-entities;
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| 5 | ]>
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[81fd230] | 6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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[673b0d8] | 7 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
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[6370fa6] | 11 |
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[a001133] | 12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
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[81fd230] | 13 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
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| 14 | handling object files.</para>
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[5888299] | 15 |
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[a001133] | 16 | <segmentedlist>
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| 17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[fc1024a] | 19 | <seglistitem><seg>1.3 SBU</seg><seg>158 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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[a001133] | 20 | </segmentedlist>
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| 21 |
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[81fd230] | 22 | <segmentedlist>
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[45992ae] | 23 | <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
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[81fd230] | 24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Gettext,
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| 25 | Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
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| 26 | </segmentedlist>
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[a001133] | 27 | </sect2>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 30 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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[73aedd1d] | 31 |
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[81fd230] | 32 | <para>This package is known to have issues when its default
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| 33 | optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and
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| 34 | <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options) are changed. If any environment
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| 35 | variables that override default optimizations have been defined, such
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| 36 | as <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>,
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| 37 | unset them when building Binutils.</para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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| 40 | environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
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| 41 | simple test:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 42 |
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| 43 | <screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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| 44 |
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[81fd230] | 45 | <para>If the following message shows up, the chroot environment is not
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| 46 | set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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| 49 | Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <para>This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
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| 52 | for Binutils and GCC.</para>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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| 55 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 56 |
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| 57 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
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| 58 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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| 59 |
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[81fd230] | 60 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 61 |
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[d72e04a] | 62 | <screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 63 | --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 64 |
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| 65 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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| 68 |
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[373a708] | 69 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
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| 70 | be located) is set to <filename
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| 71 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
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| 72 | machines would expand that to <filename
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| 73 | class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
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| 74 | system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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| 75 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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| 76 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
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| 77 | system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
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| 78 | machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 79 |
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[f3a70cd] | 80 | <beginpage/>
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| 81 |
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[81fd230] | 82 | <important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is
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| 83 | considered critical. Do not skip it under any
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| 84 | circumstances.</para></important>
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[73aedd1d] | 85 |
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[81fd230] | 86 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 89 |
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| 90 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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| 93 |
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[81fd230] | 94 | <para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
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| 95 | some packages:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 96 |
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[673b0d8] | 97 | <screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 98 |
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| 99 | </sect2>
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[6370fa6] | 100 |
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[5888299] | 101 |
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[c6cb3aa] | 102 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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[673b0d8] | 103 |
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[81fd230] | 104 | <segmentedlist>
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| 105 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 106 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 107 | <seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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| 108 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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| 109 | <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
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| 110 | </segmentedlist>
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| 111 |
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| 112 | <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 113 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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[8f97096] | 114 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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[81fd230] | 115 |
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| 116 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 117 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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| 118 | <listitem>
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| 119 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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| 120 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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| 121 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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| 122 | number are associated with the address</para>
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| 123 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
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| 124 | </listitem>
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| 125 | </varlistentry>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 128 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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| 129 | <listitem>
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| 130 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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| 131 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
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| 132 | </listitem>
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| 133 | </varlistentry>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 136 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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| 137 | <listitem>
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| 138 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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| 139 | into object files</para>
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| 140 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
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| 141 | </listitem>
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| 142 | </varlistentry>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 145 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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| 146 | <listitem>
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| 147 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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| 148 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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| 149 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
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| 150 | </listitem>
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| 151 | </varlistentry>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 154 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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| 155 | <listitem>
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| 156 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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| 157 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
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| 158 | </listitem>
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| 159 | </varlistentry>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 162 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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| 163 | <listitem>
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| 164 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
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| 165 | relocating their data and tying up symbol references</para>
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| 166 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
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| 167 | </listitem>
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| 168 | </varlistentry>
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| 169 |
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| 170 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 171 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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| 172 | <listitem>
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| 173 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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| 174 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
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| 175 | </listitem>
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| 176 | </varlistentry>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 179 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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| 180 | <listitem>
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| 181 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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| 182 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
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| 183 | </listitem>
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| 184 | </varlistentry>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 187 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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| 188 | <listitem>
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| 189 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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| 190 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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| 191 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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| 192 | tools</para>
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| 193 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
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| 194 | </listitem>
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| 195 | </varlistentry>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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| 198 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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| 199 | <listitem>
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| 200 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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| 201 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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| 202 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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| 203 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
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| 204 | </listitem>
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| 205 | </varlistentry>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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| 208 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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| 209 | <listitem>
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| 210 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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| 211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
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| 212 | </listitem>
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| 213 | </varlistentry>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <varlistentry id="size">
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| 216 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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| 217 | <listitem>
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| 218 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given object files</para>
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| 219 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
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| 220 | </listitem>
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| 221 | </varlistentry>
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| 222 |
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| 223 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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| 224 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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| 225 | <listitem>
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| 226 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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| 227 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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| 228 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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| 229 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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| 230 | scans the entire file</para>
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| 231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
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| 232 | </listitem>
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| 233 | </varlistentry>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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| 236 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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| 237 | <listitem>
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| 238 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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| 239 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
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| 240 | </listitem>
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| 241 | </varlistentry>
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| 242 |
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| 243 | <varlistentry id="libiberty">
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| 244 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
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| 245 | <listitem>
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| 246 | <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
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| 247 | <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
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| 248 | <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
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| 249 | <command>strtoul</command></para>
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| 250 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
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| 251 | </listitem>
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| 252 | </varlistentry>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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| 255 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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| 256 | <listitem>
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| 257 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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| 258 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
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| 259 | </listitem>
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| 260 | </varlistentry>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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| 263 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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| 264 | <listitem>
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| 265 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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| 266 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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| 267 | it is used for building utilities like
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| 268 | <command>objdump</command>.</para>
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| 269 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
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| 270 | </listitem>
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| 271 | </varlistentry>
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| 272 | </variablelist>
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[673b0d8] | 273 |
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| 274 | </sect2>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | </sect1>
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[81fd230] | 277 |
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