source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 093c5ad9

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Import trunk.

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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[63e8d0a]43<!--
[61ce0b1]44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
[63e8d0a]47-->
[61ce0b1]48
[324209d]49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[63e8d0a]50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch; &amp;&amp;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]58
[8ef8304]59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]63 </note>
[fa21b3d]64
[8ef8304]65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]66
[8335e5c]67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[a3af16f]68 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
[6b9aa3b]74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
78 built as the root user.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
[615a565]83 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]84 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]85 <listitem>
86 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
87 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]92
[8ef8304]93 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]94
[0445a3d]95<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]96
[f4c628c]97 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]98 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]99
[8ef8304]100 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
101 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]102
[f0f4140]103<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]104
[a3b689f]105 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]106 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
107 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
108 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
109 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
110
[0445a3d]111<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]112
[615a565]113 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
114 run the tests:</para>
115
[ba33377]116<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]117
[f0f7ea0]118 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
119 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[ea31e92]121<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]122 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]123
[6b9aa3b]124 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
125 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
126
[9e85ca2]127 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
128
[0445a3d]129<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]130
[8ef8304]131 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]132
[0445a3d]133<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]134
[8ef8304]135 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]136
[0445a3d]137<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]138mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[c97d81d]139mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]140mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
141mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
142sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]143
[9b26915]144 <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
145 programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
146 make sure they are placed there:</para>
147
148<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
149
[8ef8304]150 </sect2>
151
152 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
153 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
154
155 <segmentedlist>
156 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]157 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]158 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]159
160 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]161 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]162 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
163 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]164 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[b1a51ac1]165 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]166 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[ce5ebe1]167 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]168 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]169 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
170 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]171 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[7752574]172 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]173 </seglistitem>
174 </segmentedlist>
175
176 <variablelist>
177 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
178 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
179 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
180
[d9dc49a]181 <varlistentry id="base64">
182 <term><command>base64</command></term>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
185 specification</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]187 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
[8ef8304]192 <varlistentry id="basename">
193 <term><command>basename</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
197 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="cat">
203 <term><command>cat</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
207 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
[c5b9277]212 <varlistentry id="chcon">
213 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
214 <listitem>
[90aae6b]215 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
217 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
[8ef8304]222 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
223 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
227 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chmod">
233 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
236 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
237 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
239 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="chown">
245 <term><command>chown</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
248 directories</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
250 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="chroot">
256 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
259 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
261 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="cksum">
267 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
270 counts of each specified file</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
272 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="comm">
278 <term><command>comm</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
281 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
283 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="cp">
289 <term><command>cp</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Copies files</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
293 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="csplit">
299 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
302 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
303 count of each new file</para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
305 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="cut">
311 <term><command>cut</command></term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
314 fields or positions</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
316 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="date">
322 <term><command>date</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
325 system date</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
327 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dd">
333 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
336 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
338 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="df">
344 <term><command>df</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
347 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
348 files</para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
350 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="dir">
356 <term><command>dir</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
359 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
361 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
367 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
370 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
371 <command>ls</command></para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
373 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="dirname">
379 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
383 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="du">
389 <term><command>du</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
392 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
393 each of the given files</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
395 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="echo">
401 <term><command>echo</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
405 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="env">
411 <term><command>env</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
415 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="expand">
421 <term><command>expand</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
425 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="expr">
431 <term><command>expr</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
435 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="factor">
441 <term><command>factor</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
445 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="false">
451 <term><command>false</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
454 indicating failure</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
456 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="fmt">
462 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
466 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="fold">
472 <term><command>fold</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
476 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="groups">
482 <term><command>groups</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
486 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="head">
492 <term><command>head</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
495 of each given file</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
497 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="hostid">
503 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
507 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="id">
513 <term><command>id</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
516 of the current user or specified user</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
518 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="install">
524 <term><command>install</command> </term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
527 possible, their owner and group</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
529 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="join">
535 <term><command>join</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
538 separate files</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
540 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="link">
546 <term><command>link</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
550 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="ln">
556 <term><command>ln</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
560 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="logname">
566 <term><command>logname</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
570 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="ls">
576 <term><command>ls</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
580 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
586 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
590 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
596 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
600 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
606 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
609 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
611 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="mknod">
617 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
620 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
622 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
[a5933e2]627 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
628 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
632 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
[8ef8304]637 <varlistentry id="mv">
638 <term><command>mv</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
642 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="nice">
648 <term><command>nice</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
652 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="nl">
658 <term><command>nl</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
662 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="nohup">
668 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
671 a log file</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
673 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
[fb55e1f]678 <varlistentry id="nproc">
679 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
682 process</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
684 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
[b1a51ac1]689 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
690 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
694 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
[8ef8304]699 <varlistentry id="od">
700 <term><command>od</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
703 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
704 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
705 </indexterm>
706 </listitem>
707 </varlistentry>
708
709 <varlistentry id="paste">
710 <term><command>paste</command></term>
711 <listitem>
712 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
713 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
715 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
721 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
725 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="pinky">
731 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
734 about the given users</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
736 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="pr">
742 <term><command>pr</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
746 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="printenv">
752 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Prints the environment</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
756 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="printf">
762 <term><command>printf</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
765 like the C printf function</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
767 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="ptx">
773 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
776 with each keyword in its context</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
778 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="pwd">
784 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
788 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="readlink">
794 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
798 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
[02213b9]803 <varlistentry id="realpath">
804 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
808 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
[8ef8304]813 <varlistentry id="rm">
814 <term><command>rm</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
818 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
824 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
828 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
[c5b9277]833 <varlistentry id="runcon">
834 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
835 <listitem>
[90aae6b]836 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
838 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
[8ef8304]843 <varlistentry id="seq">
844 <term><command>seq</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
847 given increment</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
849 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
855 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
858 checksums</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
860 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
[d9dc49a]865 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
866 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
870 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
876 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
880 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
886 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
890 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
896 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
900 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
[8ef8304]905 <varlistentry id="shred">
906 <term><command>shred</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
909 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
911 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
[d9dc49a]916 <varlistentry id="shuf">
917 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
921 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
[8ef8304]926 <varlistentry id="sleep">
927 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
931 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="sort">
937 <term><command>sort</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
941 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="split">
947 <term><command>split</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
950 lines</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
952 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="stat">
958 <term><command>stat</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
962 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
[da1a7d69]967 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
968 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
971 streams</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
973 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
[8ef8304]978 <varlistentry id="stty">
979 <term><command>stty</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
983 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="sum">
989 <term><command>sum</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
993 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="sync">
999 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1002 and updates the super block</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1004 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="tac">
1010 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1014 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="tail">
1020 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1023 given file</para>
1024 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1025 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1026 </indexterm>
1027 </listitem>
1028 </varlistentry>
1029
1030 <varlistentry id="tee">
1031 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1032 <listitem>
1033 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1034 and to the given files</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1036 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="test">
1042 <term><command>test</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1046 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
[90aae6b]1051 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1052 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1056 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
[8ef8304]1061 <varlistentry id="touch">
1062 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1065 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1066 are created with zero length</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1068 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
1073 <varlistentry id="tr">
1074 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
1076 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1077 standard input</para>
1078 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1079 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1080 </indexterm>
1081 </listitem>
1082 </varlistentry>
1083
1084 <varlistentry id="true">
1085 <term><command>true</command></term>
1086 <listitem>
1087 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1088 indicating success</para>
1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1090 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
[c5b9277]1095 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1096 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1098 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1100 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
[8ef8304]1105 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1106 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1109 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1111 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="tty">
1117 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1120 input</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1122 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="uname">
1128 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Reports system information</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1132 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1138 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1142 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1143 </indexterm>
1144 </listitem>
1145 </varlistentry>
1146
1147 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1148 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1149 <listitem>
1150 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1152 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1158 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1162 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="users">
1168 <term><command>users</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1172 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1178 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1182 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1183 </indexterm>
1184 </listitem>
1185 </varlistentry>
1186
1187 <varlistentry id="wc">
1188 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1189 <listitem>
1190 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1191 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1193 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="who">
1199 <term><command>who</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1203 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1209 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1212 user ID</para>
1213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1214 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1215 </indexterm>
1216 </listitem>
1217 </varlistentry>
1218
1219 <varlistentry id="yes">
1220 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1221 <listitem>
1222 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1223 killed</para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1225 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
[9d42ad9]1230 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1231 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1232 <listitem>
1233 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1235 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1236 </indexterm>
1237 </listitem>
1238 </varlistentry>
1239
[8ef8304]1240 </variablelist>
1241
1242 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1243
1244</sect1>
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