Ignore:
Timestamp:
05/03/2004 10:59:46 AM (20 years ago)
Author:
Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.0-rc1, 10.1, 10.1-rc1, 11.0, 11.0-rc1, 11.0-rc2, 11.0-rc3, 11.1, 11.1-rc1, 11.2, 11.2-rc1, 11.3, 11.3-rc1, 12.0, 12.0-rc1, 12.1, 12.1-rc1, 6.0, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5-systemd, 7.6, 7.6-systemd, 7.7, 7.7-systemd, 7.8, 7.8-systemd, 7.9, 7.9-systemd, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, arm, bdubbs/gcc13, ml-11.0, multilib, renodr/libudev-from-systemd, s6-init, trunk, v5_1, v5_1_1, xry111/arm64, xry111/arm64-12.0, xry111/clfs-ng, xry111/lfs-next, xry111/loongarch, xry111/loongarch-12.0, xry111/loongarch-12.1, xry111/mips64el, xry111/pip3, xry111/rust-wip-20221008, xry111/update-glibc
Children:
0c43171, 2ec64b3, a4a675f
Parents:
287ea55
Message:
  • Merged newxml into HEAD

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3435 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

File:
1 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • chapter06/coreutils.xml

    r287ea55 r673b0d8  
     1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
     2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
     3  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
     4  %general-entities;
     5]>
    16<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" xreflabel="Coreutils">
    2 <title>Installing Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
    3 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html" dir="chapter06"?>
     7<title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
     8<?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
     9
     10<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"><primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary></indexterm>
    411
    512<para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
    613basic system characteristics.</para>
    714
    8 <screen>&buildtime; &coreutils-time;
    9 &diskspace; &coreutils-compsize;</screen>
    10 
    11 &aa-coreutils-down;
    12 &aa-coreutils-dep;
    13 
    14 <sect2><title>&nbsp;</title><para>&nbsp;</para></sect2>
     15<screen>&buildtime; 0.9 SBU
     16&diskspace; 69 MB</screen>
     17
     18<para>Coreutils installation depends on: Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
     19Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed.</para>
     20
     21
    1522
    1623<sect2>
    1724<title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
    1825
    19 <para>Apply the same Posixver patch we used previously:</para>
    20 
    21 <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-posixver-patch;</userinput></screen>
    22 
    2326<para>Normally the functionality of <command>uname</command> is somewhat
    24 broken, in that the <emphasis>-p</emphasis> switch always returns "unknown".
    25 The following patch fixes this behaviour for Intel architectures:</para>
    26 
    27 <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
     27broken, in that the <emphasis>-p</emphasis> switch always returns
     28<quote>unknown</quote>.  The following patch fixes this behavior for Intel
     29architectures:</para>
     30
     31<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-uname-1.patch</userinput></screen>
    2832
    2933<para>We do not want Coreutils to install its version of the
    … …  
    3135provided by Net-tools. Prevent its installation by applying a patch:</para>
    3236
    33 <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-hostname-patch;</userinput></screen>
     37<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-hostname-1.patch</userinput></screen>
    3438
    3539<para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
    3640
    37 <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
     41<screen><userinput>DEFAULT_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
    3842
    3943<para>Compile the package:</para>
    … …  
    4246
    4347<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the presence
    44 of files and users that aren't valid yet this early in the LFS build. We will
     48of files and users that aren't valid this early in the LFS build. We will
    4549therefore have to set up a few things before being able to run the tests. If
    46 you choose not to run these tests, skip down to "Install the package".</para>
    47 
    48 <para>First create a 'table of mounted filesystems' file with:</para>
     50you choose not to run these tests, skip down to <quote>Install the
     51package</quote>.</para>
     52
     53<para>To be able to run the full test suite, the <command>su</command> program
     54needs to be installed. We didn't bother to install this little program in
     55<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> because it requires root privileges,
     56so do it now:</para>
     57
     58<screen><userinput>make install-root</userinput></screen>
     59
     60<para>Create a 'table of mounted filesystems' file with:</para>
    4961
    5062<screen><userinput>touch /etc/mtab</userinput></screen>
    … …  
    5971are meant to be run as <emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
    6072
    61 <screen><userinput>make check-root</userinput></screen>
     73<screen><userinput>export NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy; make check-root</userinput></screen>
    6274
    6375<para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the <emphasis>dummy</emphasis>
    6476user:</para>
    6577
    66 <screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
    67 
    68 <para>The above command uses the newly compiled <command>src/su</command>
    69 program, since in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> we didn't bother to
    70 install it, because installing it requires root privileges.</para>
     78<screen><userinput>su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
    7179
    7280<para>When you're done testing, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
    … …  
    99107</sect2>
    100108
    101 &aa-coreutils-shortdesc;
    102 &aa-coreutils-desc;
     109
     110<sect2 id="contents-coreutils"><title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
     111
     112<para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: basename, cat, chgrp, chmod,
     113chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
     114dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
     115hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
     116mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
     117printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred, sleep,
     118sort, split, stat, stty, su, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
     119tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, uptime, users, vdir, wc, who,
     120whoami and yes</para>
     121
     122</sect2>
     123
     124
     125<sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
     126
     127<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"><primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary></indexterm>
     128<para id="basename"><command>basename</command> strips any path and a given suffix from
     129the given file name.</para>
     130
     131<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"><primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary></indexterm>
     132<para id="cat"><command>cat</command> concatenates files to standard output.</para>
     133
     134<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"><primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary></indexterm>
     135<para id="chgrp"><command>chgrp</command> changes the group ownership of each given
     136file to the given group. The group can be either given a a name or a numeric
     137ID.</para>
     138
     139<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"><primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary></indexterm>
     140<para id="chmod"><command>chmod</command> changes the permissions of each given file
     141to the given mode. The mode can be either a symbolic representation of the
     142changes to make, or an octal number representing the new permissions.</para>
     143
     144<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"><primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary></indexterm>
     145<para id="chown"><command>chown</command> changes the user and/or group ownership of
     146each given file to the given user:group pair.</para>
     147
     148<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm>
     149<para id="chroot"><command>chroot</command> runs a given command with the specified
     150directory as the <filename>/</filename> directory. The given command can be an
     151interactive shell. On most systems only <emphasis>root</emphasis> can do
     152this.</para>
     153
     154<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"><primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary></indexterm>
     155<para id="cksum"><command>cksum</command> prints the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and the byte
     156counts of each specified file.</para>
     157
     158<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"><primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary></indexterm>
     159<para id="comm"><command>comm</command> compares two sorted files, outputting in
     160three columns the lines that are unique, and the lines that are common.</para>
     161
     162<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"><primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary></indexterm>
     163<para id="cp"><command>cp</command> copies files.</para>
     164
     165<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"><primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary></indexterm>
     166<para id="csplit"><command>csplit</command> splits a given file into several new files,
     167separating them according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting
     168the byte count of each new file.</para>
     169
     170<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"><primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary></indexterm>
     171<para id="cut"><command>cut</command> prints parts of lines, selecting the parts
     172according to given fields or positions.</para>
     173
     174<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"><primary sortas="b-date">date</primary></indexterm>
     175<para id="date"><command>date</command> displays the current time in the given
     176format, or sets the system date.</para>
     177
     178<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"><primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary></indexterm>
     179<para id="dd"><command>dd</command> copies a file using the given block size and
     180count, while optionally performing conversions on it.</para>
     181
     182<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"><primary sortas="b-df">df</primary></indexterm>
     183<para id="df"><command>df</command> reports the amount of disk space available
     184(and used) on all mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the
     185given files.</para>
     186
     187<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm>
     188<para id="dir"><command>dir</command> is the same as ls.</para>
     189
     190<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm>
     191<para id="dircolors"><command>dircolors</command> outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR
     192environment variable, to change the color scheme used by ls.</para>
     193
     194<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"><primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary></indexterm>
     195<para id="dirname"><command>dirname</command> strips the non-directory suffix from
     196a given file name.</para>
     197
     198<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"><primary sortas="b-du">du</primary></indexterm>
     199<para id="du"><command>du</command> reports the amount of disk space used by the
     200current directory, or by each of the given directories including all their
     201subdirectories, or by each of the given files.</para>
     202
     203<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"><primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary></indexterm>
     204<para id="echo"><command>echo</command> displays the given strings.</para>
     205
     206<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"><primary sortas="b-env">env</primary></indexterm>
     207<para id="env"><command>env</command> runs a command in a modified environment.</para>
     208
     209<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"><primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary></indexterm>
     210<para id="expand"><command>expand</command> converts tabs to spaces.</para>
     211
     212<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"><primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary></indexterm>
     213<para id="expr"><command>expr</command> evaluates expressions.</para>
     214
     215<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"><primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary></indexterm>
     216<para id="factor"><command>factor</command> prints the prime factors of all specified
     217integer numbers.</para>
     218
     219<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"><primary sortas="b-false">false</primary></indexterm>
     220<para id="false"><command>false</command> does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always
     221exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
     222
     223<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mt"><primary sortas="b-mt">mt</primary></indexterm>
     224<para id="mt"><command>fmt</command> reformats the paragraphs in the given files.</para>
     225
     226<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"><primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary></indexterm>
     227<para id="fold"><command>fold</command> wraps the lines in the given files.</para>
     228
     229<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-groups-coreutils">groups</primary></indexterm>
     230<para id="groups-coreutils"><command>groups</command> reports a user's group memberships.</para>
     231
     232<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"><primary sortas="b-head">head</primary></indexterm>
     233<para id="head"><command>head</command> prints the first ten lines (or the given
     234number of lines) of each given file.</para>
     235
     236<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"><primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary></indexterm>
     237<para id="hostid"><command>hostid</command> reports the numeric identifier
     238(in hexadecimal) of the host.</para>
     239
     240<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-hostname-coreutils">hostname</primary></indexterm>
     241<para id="hostname-coreutils"><command>hostname</command> reports or sets the name of the
     242host.</para>
     243
     244<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"><primary sortas="b-id">id</primary></indexterm>
     245<para id="id"><command>id</command> reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
     246group memberships of the current user, or of a given user.</para>
     247
     248<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"><primary sortas="b-install">install</primary></indexterm>
     249<para id="install"><command>install</command> copies files while setting their
     250permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group.</para>
     251
     252<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"><primary sortas="b-join">join</primary></indexterm>
     253<para id="join"><command>join</command> joins from two files the lines that have
     254identical join fields.</para>
     255
     256<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"><primary sortas="b-link">link</primary></indexterm>
     257<para id="link"><command>link</command> creates a hard link with the given name
     258to the given file.</para>
     259
     260<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"><primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary></indexterm>
     261<para id="ln"><command>ln</command> makes hard links or soft links between files.</para>
     262
     263<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"><primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary></indexterm>
     264<para id="logname"><command>logname</command> reports the current user's login name.</para>
     265
     266<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"><primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary></indexterm>
     267<para id="ls"><command>ls</command> lists the contents of each given directory.
     268By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically.</para>
     269
     270<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"><primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary></indexterm>
     271<para id="md5sum"><command>md5sum</command> reports or checks MD5 (Message Digest 5) checksums.</para>
     272
     273<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"><primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary></indexterm>
     274<para id="mkdir"><command>mkdir</command> creates directories with the given names.</para>
     275
     276<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm>
     277<para id="mkfifo"><command>mkfifo</command> creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a "named pipe" in UNIX parlance) with the given names.</para>
     278
     279<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"><primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary></indexterm>
     280<para id="mknod"><command>mknod</command> creates device nodes with the given names.
     281A device node is a character special file, or a block special file, or a FIFO.</para>
     282
     283<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"><primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary></indexterm>
     284<para id="mv"><command>mv</command> moves or renames files or directories.</para>
     285
     286<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"><primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary></indexterm>
     287<para id="nice"><command>nice</command> runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
     288
     289<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"><primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary></indexterm>
     290<para id="nl"><command>nl</command> numbers the lines from the given files.</para>
     291
     292<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"><primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary></indexterm>
     293<para id="nohup"><command>nohup</command> runs a command immune to hangups, with
     294output redirected to a log file.</para>
     295
     296<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"><primary sortas="b-od">od</primary></indexterm>
     297<para id="od"><command>od</command> dumps files in octal and other formats.</para>
     298
     299<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"><primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary></indexterm>
     300<para id="paste"><command>paste</command> merges the given files, joining
     301sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab characters..</para>
     302
     303<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"><primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary></indexterm>
     304<para id="pathchk"><command>pathchk</command> checks whether file names are valid
     305or portable.</para>
     306
     307<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"><primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary></indexterm>
     308<para id="pinky"><command>pinky</command> is a lightweight finger. It reports
     309some information about the given users.</para>
     310
     311<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"><primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary></indexterm>
     312<para id="pr"><command>pr</command> paginates and columnates files for printing.</para>
     313
     314<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"><primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary></indexterm>
     315<para id="printenv"><command>printenv</command> prints the environment.</para>
     316
     317<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"><primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary></indexterm>
     318<para id="printf"><command>printf</command> prints the given arguments according to the
     319given format -- much like the C printf function.</para>
     320
     321<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"><primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary></indexterm>
     322<para id="ptx"><command>ptx</command> produces from the contents of the given files
     323a permuted index, with each keyword in its context.</para>
     324
     325<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"><primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary></indexterm>
     326<para id="pwd"><command>pwd</command> reports the name of the current directory.</para>
     327
     328<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"><primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary></indexterm>
     329<para id="readlink"><command>readlink</command> reports the value of the given symbolic
     330link.</para>
     331
     332<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"><primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary></indexterm>
     333<para id="rm"><command>rm</command> removes files or directories.</para>
     334
     335<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"><primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary></indexterm>
     336<para id="rmdir"><command>rmdir</command> removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
     337
     338<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"><primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary></indexterm>
     339<para id="seq"><command>seq</command> prints a sequence of numbers, within a given
     340range and with a given increment.</para>
     341
     342<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"><primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary></indexterm>
     343<para id="sha1sum"><command>sha1sum</command> prints or checks 160-bit SHA1
     344checksums.</para>
     345
     346<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"><primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary></indexterm>
     347<para id="shred"><command>shred</command> overwrites the given files repeatedly with
     348strange patterns, to make it real hard to recover the data.</para>
     349
     350<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"><primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary></indexterm>
     351<para id="sleep"><command>sleep</command> pauses for the given amount of time.</para>
     352
     353<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"><primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary></indexterm>
     354<para id="sort"><command>sort</command> sorts the lines from the given files.</para>
     355
     356<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"><primary sortas="b-split">split</primary></indexterm>
     357<para id="split"><command>split</command> splits the given file into pieces, by size
     358or by numbspliter of lines.</para>
     359
     360<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"><primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary></indexterm>
     361<para id="stty"><command>stty</command> sets or reports terminal line settings.</para>
     362
     363<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils su"><primary sortas="b-su">su</primary></indexterm>
     364<para id="su"><command>su</command> runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para>
     365
     366<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"><primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary></indexterm>
     367<para id="sum"><command>sum</command> prints checksum and block counts for each
     368given file.</para>
     369
     370<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"><primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary></indexterm>
     371<para id="sync"><command>sync</command> flushes file system buffers. It forces
     372changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
     373
     374<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"><primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary></indexterm>
     375<para id="tac"><command>tac</command> concatenates the given files in reverse.</para>
     376
     377<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"><primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary></indexterm>
     378<para id="tail"><command>tail</command> prints the last ten lines (or the given
     379number of lines) of each given file.</para>
     380
     381<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"><primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary></indexterm>
     382<para id="tee"><command>tee</command> reads from standard input while writing both
     383to standard output and to the given files.</para>
     384
     385<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"><primary sortas="b-test">test</primary></indexterm>
     386<para id="test"><command>test</command> compares values and checks file types.</para>
     387
     388<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"><primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary></indexterm>
     389<para id="touch"><command>touch</command> changes file timestamps, setting the access
     390and modification times of the given files to the current time. Files that do
     391not exist are created with zero length.</para>
     392
     393<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"><primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary></indexterm>
     394<para id="tr"><command>tr</command> translates, squeezes, and deletes the given
     395characters from standard input.</para>
     396
     397<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"><primary sortas="b-true">true</primary></indexterm>
     398<para id="true"><command>true</command> does nothing, successfully. It always exits
     399with a status code indicating success.</para>
     400
     401<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"><primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary></indexterm>
     402<para id="tsort"><command>tsort</command> performs a topological sort. It writes a
     403totally ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file.</para>
     404
     405<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"><primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary></indexterm>
     406<para id="tty"><command>tty</command> reports the file name of the terminal
     407connected to standard input.</para>
     408
     409<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"><primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary></indexterm>
     410<para id="uname"><command>uname</command> reports system information.</para>
     411
     412<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"><primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary></indexterm>
     413<para id="unexpand"><command>unexpand</command> converts spaces to tabs.</para>
     414
     415<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"><primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary></indexterm>
     416<para id="uniq"><command>uniq</command> discards all but one of successive
     417identical lines.</para>
     418
     419<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"><primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary></indexterm>
     420<para id="unlink"><command>unlink</command> removes the given file.</para>
     421
     422<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uptime-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-uptime-coreutils">uptime</primary></indexterm>
     423<para id="uptime-coreutils"><command>uptime</command> reports how long the system has been
     424running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages.</para>
     425
     426<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"><primary sortas="b-users">users</primary></indexterm>
     427<para id="users"><command>users</command> reports the names of the users currently
     428logged on.</para>
     429
     430<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm>
     431<para id="vdir"><command>vdir</command> is the same as ls -l.</para>
     432
     433<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"><primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary></indexterm>
     434<para id="wc"><command>wc</command> reports the number of lines, words, and bytes
     435for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given.</para>
     436
     437<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"><primary sortas="b-who">who</primary></indexterm>
     438<para id="who"><command>who</command> reports who is logged on.</para>
     439
     440<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"><primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary></indexterm>
     441<para id="whoami"><command>whoami</command> reports the user name associated with the
     442current effective user ID.</para>
     443
     444<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm>
     445<para id="yes"><command>yes</command> outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly,
     446until killed.</para>
     447
     448</sect2>
     449
     450
    103451
    104452</sect1>
    105 
Note: See TracChangeset for help on using the changeset viewer.