source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 2e1e6e6

7.6-systemd 7.7-systemd 7.8-systemd 7.9-systemd
Last change on this file since 2e1e6e6 was 9b26915, checked in by Krejzi <krejzi@…>, 10 years ago

Remove files from pkgmgt.xml not specific to systemd branch. Move programs from /usr/bin to /bin on coreutils and findutils pages to mirror what LFS does.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd/BOOK@10696 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 42.2 KB
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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[63e8d0a]43<!--
[61ce0b1]44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
[63e8d0a]47-->
[61ce0b1]48
[324209d]49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[63e8d0a]50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch; &amp;&amp;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]58
[8ef8304]59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]63 </note>
[fa21b3d]64
[8ef8304]65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]66
[8335e5c]67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[a3af16f]68 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]75 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]76 <listitem>
77 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
78 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]83
[8ef8304]84 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]85
[0445a3d]86<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]87
[f4c628c]88 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]89 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]90
[8ef8304]91 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
92 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]93
[f0f4140]94<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]95
[a3b689f]96 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]97 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
98 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
99 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
100 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
101
[0445a3d]102<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]103
[615a565]104 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
105 run the tests:</para>
106
[ba33377]107<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]108
[f0f7ea0]109 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
110 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]111
[ea31e92]112<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]113 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]114
[9e85ca2]115 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
116
[0445a3d]117<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]118
[8ef8304]119 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[0445a3d]121<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]122
[8ef8304]123 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]124
[0445a3d]125<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]126mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[c97d81d]127mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]128mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
129mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
130sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]131
[9b26915]132 <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
133 programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
134 make sure they are placed there:</para>
135
136<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
137
[8ef8304]138 </sect2>
139
140 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
141 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
142
143 <segmentedlist>
144 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]145 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]146 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]147
148 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]149 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]150 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
151 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]152 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[b1a51ac1]153 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]154 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[ce5ebe1]155 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]156 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]157 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
158 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]159 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[7752574]160 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]161 </seglistitem>
162 </segmentedlist>
163
164 <variablelist>
165 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
166 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
167 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
168
[d9dc49a]169 <varlistentry id="base64">
170 <term><command>base64</command></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
173 specification</para>
174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]175 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]176 </indexterm>
177 </listitem>
178 </varlistentry>
179
[8ef8304]180 <varlistentry id="basename">
181 <term><command>basename</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
185 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="cat">
191 <term><command>cat</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
195 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
[c5b9277]200 <varlistentry id="chcon">
201 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
202 <listitem>
[90aae6b]203 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
205 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
[8ef8304]210 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
211 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
215 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="chmod">
221 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
224 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
225 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
227 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chown">
233 <term><command>chown</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
236 directories</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
238 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="chroot">
244 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
247 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
249 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="cksum">
255 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
258 counts of each specified file</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
260 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="comm">
266 <term><command>comm</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
269 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
271 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="cp">
277 <term><command>cp</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Copies files</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
281 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="csplit">
287 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
290 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
291 count of each new file</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
293 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="cut">
299 <term><command>cut</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
302 fields or positions</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
304 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="date">
310 <term><command>date</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
313 system date</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
315 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="dd">
321 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
324 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
326 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="df">
332 <term><command>df</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
335 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
336 files</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
338 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="dir">
344 <term><command>dir</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
347 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
349 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
355 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
358 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
359 <command>ls</command></para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
361 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="dirname">
367 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
371 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="du">
377 <term><command>du</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
380 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
381 each of the given files</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
383 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="echo">
389 <term><command>echo</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
393 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="env">
399 <term><command>env</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
403 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="expand">
409 <term><command>expand</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
413 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="expr">
419 <term><command>expr</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
423 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="factor">
429 <term><command>factor</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
433 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="false">
439 <term><command>false</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
442 indicating failure</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
444 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="fmt">
450 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
454 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="fold">
460 <term><command>fold</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
464 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="groups">
470 <term><command>groups</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
474 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="head">
480 <term><command>head</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
483 of each given file</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
485 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="hostid">
491 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
495 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="id">
501 <term><command>id</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
504 of the current user or specified user</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
506 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="install">
512 <term><command>install</command> </term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
515 possible, their owner and group</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
517 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="join">
523 <term><command>join</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
526 separate files</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
528 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="link">
534 <term><command>link</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
538 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="ln">
544 <term><command>ln</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
548 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="logname">
554 <term><command>logname</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
558 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="ls">
564 <term><command>ls</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
568 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
574 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
578 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
584 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
588 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
594 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
597 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
599 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="mknod">
605 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
608 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
610 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
[a5933e2]615 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
616 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
620 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
[8ef8304]625 <varlistentry id="mv">
626 <term><command>mv</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
630 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="nice">
636 <term><command>nice</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
640 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="nl">
646 <term><command>nl</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
650 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="nohup">
656 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
659 a log file</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
661 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
[fb55e1f]666 <varlistentry id="nproc">
667 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
670 process</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
672 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
[b1a51ac1]677 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
678 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
682 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
[8ef8304]687 <varlistentry id="od">
688 <term><command>od</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
692 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="paste">
698 <term><command>paste</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
701 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
703 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
709 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
713 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pinky">
719 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
722 about the given users</para>
723 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
724 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
725 </indexterm>
726 </listitem>
727 </varlistentry>
728
729 <varlistentry id="pr">
730 <term><command>pr</command></term>
731 <listitem>
732 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
734 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="printenv">
740 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Prints the environment</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
744 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="printf">
750 <term><command>printf</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
753 like the C printf function</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
755 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="ptx">
761 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
764 with each keyword in its context</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
766 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="pwd">
772 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
776 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="readlink">
782 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
786 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
[02213b9]791 <varlistentry id="realpath">
792 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
796 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
[8ef8304]801 <varlistentry id="rm">
802 <term><command>rm</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
806 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
812 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
816 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
[c5b9277]821 <varlistentry id="runcon">
822 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
823 <listitem>
[90aae6b]824 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
826 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
[8ef8304]831 <varlistentry id="seq">
832 <term><command>seq</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
835 given increment</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
837 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
843 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
846 checksums</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
848 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
[d9dc49a]853 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
854 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
858 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
864 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
868 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
874 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
878 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
884 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
888 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
[8ef8304]893 <varlistentry id="shred">
894 <term><command>shred</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
897 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
899 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
[d9dc49a]904 <varlistentry id="shuf">
905 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
909 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
[8ef8304]914 <varlistentry id="sleep">
915 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
919 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="sort">
925 <term><command>sort</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
929 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="split">
935 <term><command>split</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
938 lines</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
940 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="stat">
946 <term><command>stat</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
950 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
[da1a7d69]955 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
956 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
959 streams</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
961 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
[8ef8304]966 <varlistentry id="stty">
967 <term><command>stty</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
971 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="sum">
977 <term><command>sum</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
981 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="sync">
987 <term><command>sync</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
990 and updates the super block</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
992 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="tac">
998 <term><command>tac</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1002 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="tail">
1008 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1011 given file</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1013 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="tee">
1019 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1022 and to the given files</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1024 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="test">
1030 <term><command>test</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1034 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
[90aae6b]1039 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1040 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1044 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
[8ef8304]1049 <varlistentry id="touch">
1050 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1053 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1054 are created with zero length</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1056 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="tr">
1062 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1065 standard input</para>
1066 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1067 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1068 </indexterm>
1069 </listitem>
1070 </varlistentry>
1071
1072 <varlistentry id="true">
1073 <term><command>true</command></term>
1074 <listitem>
1075 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1076 indicating success</para>
1077 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1078 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1079 </indexterm>
1080 </listitem>
1081 </varlistentry>
1082
[c5b9277]1083 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1084 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1085 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1086 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1088 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
[8ef8304]1093 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1094 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1097 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1099 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 <varlistentry id="tty">
1105 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1106 <listitem>
1107 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1108 input</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1110 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="uname">
1116 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Reports system information</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1120 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1126 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1130 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1136 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1140 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1146 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1150 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="users">
1156 <term><command>users</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1160 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1166 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1170 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1171 </indexterm>
1172 </listitem>
1173 </varlistentry>
1174
1175 <varlistentry id="wc">
1176 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1177 <listitem>
1178 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1179 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1181 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1182 </indexterm>
1183 </listitem>
1184 </varlistentry>
1185
1186 <varlistentry id="who">
1187 <term><command>who</command></term>
1188 <listitem>
1189 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1191 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1192 </indexterm>
1193 </listitem>
1194 </varlistentry>
1195
1196 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1197 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1198 <listitem>
1199 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1200 user ID</para>
1201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1202 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1203 </indexterm>
1204 </listitem>
1205 </varlistentry>
1206
1207 <varlistentry id="yes">
1208 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1209 <listitem>
1210 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1211 killed</para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1213 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
[9d42ad9]1218 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1219 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1220 <listitem>
1221 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1223 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1224 </indexterm>
1225 </listitem>
1226 </varlistentry>
1227
[8ef8304]1228 </variablelist>
1229
1230 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1231
1232</sect1>
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