source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 2ee5044

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Last change on this file since 2ee5044 was 523725c, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Update to coreutils-8.23.
Add binutils patch to fix lto test suite.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10637 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[523725c]43<!--
[b17411e]44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
[523725c]47-->
[b17411e]48
[324209d]49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[523725c]50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
[fa21b3d]55
[523725c]56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch; &amp;&amp;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]58
[8ef8304]59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]63 </note>
[fa21b3d]64
[8ef8304]65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]66
[8335e5c]67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[bdde021]68 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]75 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]76 <listitem>
77 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
78 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]83
[8ef8304]84 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]85
[0445a3d]86<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]87
[f4c628c]88 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]89 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]90
[8ef8304]91 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
92 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]93
[1368302]94<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]95
[a3b689f]96 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]97 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
98 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
99 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
100 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
101
[0445a3d]102<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]103
[615a565]104 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
105 run the tests:</para>
106
[ba33377]107<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]108
[f0f7ea0]109 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
[523725c]110 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]111
[ea31e92]112<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]113 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]114
[9e85ca2]115 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
116
[0445a3d]117<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]118
[8ef8304]119 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[0445a3d]121<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]122
[8ef8304]123 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]124
[0445a3d]125<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]126mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[88b27a6]127mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]128mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
129mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
130sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]131
[8ef8304]132 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
[b540268]133 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
134 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
135 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
136 need to be on the root partition:</para>
[73aedd1d]137
[88b27a6]138<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]139
[8ef8304]140 </sect2>
141
142 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
143 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
144
145 <segmentedlist>
146 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]147 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]148 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]149
150 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]151 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]152 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
153 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]154 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[f6b1d91]155 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]156 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[2ca8941]157 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]158 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]159 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
160 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]161 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[4e8a532]162 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]163 </seglistitem>
164 </segmentedlist>
165
166 <variablelist>
167 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
168 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
169 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
170
[d9dc49a]171 <varlistentry id="base64">
172 <term><command>base64</command></term>
173 <listitem>
174 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
175 specification</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]177 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
[8ef8304]182 <varlistentry id="basename">
183 <term><command>basename</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
187 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
192 <varlistentry id="cat">
193 <term><command>cat</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
197 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
[c5b9277]202 <varlistentry id="chcon">
203 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
204 <listitem>
[90aae6b]205 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
207 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
[8ef8304]212 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
213 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
217 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chmod">
223 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
226 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
227 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
228 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
229 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
230 </indexterm>
231 </listitem>
232 </varlistentry>
233
234 <varlistentry id="chown">
235 <term><command>chown</command></term>
236 <listitem>
237 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
238 directories</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
240 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="chroot">
246 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
249 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
251 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
252 </indexterm>
253 </listitem>
254 </varlistentry>
255
256 <varlistentry id="cksum">
257 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
258 <listitem>
259 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
260 counts of each specified file</para>
261 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
262 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
263 </indexterm>
264 </listitem>
265 </varlistentry>
266
267 <varlistentry id="comm">
268 <term><command>comm</command></term>
269 <listitem>
270 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
271 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
273 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="cp">
279 <term><command>cp</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>Copies files</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
283 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="csplit">
289 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
292 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
293 count of each new file</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
295 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="cut">
301 <term><command>cut</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
304 fields or positions</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
306 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="date">
312 <term><command>date</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
315 system date</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
317 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="dd">
323 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
326 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
328 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="df">
334 <term><command>df</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
337 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
338 files</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
340 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="dir">
346 <term><command>dir</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
349 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
351 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
357 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
360 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
361 <command>ls</command></para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
363 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="dirname">
369 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
373 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="du">
379 <term><command>du</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
382 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
383 each of the given files</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
385 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="echo">
391 <term><command>echo</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
395 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="env">
401 <term><command>env</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
405 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="expand">
411 <term><command>expand</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
415 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="expr">
421 <term><command>expr</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
425 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="factor">
431 <term><command>factor</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
435 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="false">
441 <term><command>false</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
444 indicating failure</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
446 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="fmt">
452 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
456 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="fold">
462 <term><command>fold</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
466 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="groups">
472 <term><command>groups</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
476 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="head">
482 <term><command>head</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
485 of each given file</para>
486 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
487 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
488 </indexterm>
489 </listitem>
490 </varlistentry>
491
492 <varlistentry id="hostid">
493 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
494 <listitem>
495 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
497 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="id">
503 <term><command>id</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
506 of the current user or specified user</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
508 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="install">
514 <term><command>install</command> </term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
517 possible, their owner and group</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
519 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="join">
525 <term><command>join</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
528 separate files</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
530 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="link">
536 <term><command>link</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
540 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="ln">
546 <term><command>ln</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
550 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="logname">
556 <term><command>logname</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
560 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="ls">
566 <term><command>ls</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
570 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
576 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
580 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
586 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
590 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
596 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
599 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
601 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="mknod">
607 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
610 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
612 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
[a5933e2]617 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
618 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
622 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
[8ef8304]627 <varlistentry id="mv">
628 <term><command>mv</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
632 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="nice">
638 <term><command>nice</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
642 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="nl">
648 <term><command>nl</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
652 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="nohup">
658 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
661 a log file</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
663 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
[fb55e1f]668 <varlistentry id="nproc">
669 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
672 process</para>
673 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
674 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
675 </indexterm>
676 </listitem>
677 </varlistentry>
678
[f6b1d91]679 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
680 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
681 <listitem>
682 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
684 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
[8ef8304]689 <varlistentry id="od">
690 <term><command>od</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
694 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="paste">
700 <term><command>paste</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
703 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
705 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
711 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
715 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="pinky">
721 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
724 about the given users</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
726 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="pr">
732 <term><command>pr</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
736 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="printenv">
742 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Prints the environment</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
746 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="printf">
752 <term><command>printf</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
755 like the C printf function</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
757 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="ptx">
763 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
766 with each keyword in its context</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
768 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="pwd">
774 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
778 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="readlink">
784 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
788 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
[02213b9]793 <varlistentry id="realpath">
794 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
798 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
[8ef8304]803 <varlistentry id="rm">
804 <term><command>rm</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
808 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
814 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
818 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
[c5b9277]823 <varlistentry id="runcon">
824 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
825 <listitem>
[90aae6b]826 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
828 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
[8ef8304]833 <varlistentry id="seq">
834 <term><command>seq</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
837 given increment</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
839 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
845 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
848 checksums</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
850 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
[d9dc49a]855 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
856 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
860 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
866 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
870 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
876 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
880 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
886 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
890 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
[8ef8304]895 <varlistentry id="shred">
896 <term><command>shred</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
899 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
901 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
[d9dc49a]906 <varlistentry id="shuf">
907 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
911 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
[8ef8304]916 <varlistentry id="sleep">
917 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
921 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="sort">
927 <term><command>sort</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
931 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="split">
937 <term><command>split</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
940 lines</para>
941 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
942 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
943 </indexterm>
944 </listitem>
945 </varlistentry>
946
947 <varlistentry id="stat">
948 <term><command>stat</command></term>
949 <listitem>
950 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
952 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
[da1a7d69]957 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
958 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
961 streams</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
963 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
[8ef8304]968 <varlistentry id="stty">
969 <term><command>stty</command></term>
970 <listitem>
971 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
973 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="sum">
979 <term><command>sum</command></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
983 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="sync">
989 <term><command>sync</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
992 and updates the super block</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
994 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="tac">
1000 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1004 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="tail">
1010 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1013 given file</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1015 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="tee">
1021 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1024 and to the given files</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1026 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="test">
1032 <term><command>test</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1036 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
[90aae6b]1041 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1042 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1046 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
[8ef8304]1051 <varlistentry id="touch">
1052 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1055 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1056 are created with zero length</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1058 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
1063 <varlistentry id="tr">
1064 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1067 standard input</para>
1068 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1069 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1070 </indexterm>
1071 </listitem>
1072 </varlistentry>
1073
1074 <varlistentry id="true">
1075 <term><command>true</command></term>
1076 <listitem>
1077 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1078 indicating success</para>
1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1080 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1081 </indexterm>
1082 </listitem>
1083 </varlistentry>
1084
[c5b9277]1085 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1086 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1087 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1088 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1090 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
[8ef8304]1095 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1096 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
1098 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1099 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1100 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1101 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1102 </indexterm>
1103 </listitem>
1104 </varlistentry>
1105
1106 <varlistentry id="tty">
1107 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1108 <listitem>
1109 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1110 input</para>
1111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1112 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1113 </indexterm>
1114 </listitem>
1115 </varlistentry>
1116
1117 <varlistentry id="uname">
1118 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1119 <listitem>
1120 <para>Reports system information</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1122 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1128 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1132 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1138 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1142 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1143 </indexterm>
1144 </listitem>
1145 </varlistentry>
1146
1147 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1148 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1149 <listitem>
1150 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1152 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="users">
1158 <term><command>users</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1162 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1168 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1172 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="wc">
1178 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1181 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1183 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="who">
1189 <term><command>who</command></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1193 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1199 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1202 user ID</para>
1203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1204 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1205 </indexterm>
1206 </listitem>
1207 </varlistentry>
1208
1209 <varlistentry id="yes">
1210 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1211 <listitem>
1212 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1213 killed</para>
1214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1215 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1216 </indexterm>
1217 </listitem>
1218 </varlistentry>
1219
[9d42ad9]1220 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1221 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1222 <listitem>
1223 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1225 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
[8ef8304]1230 </variablelist>
1231
1232 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1233
1234</sect1>
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