source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 4e8a532

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Last change on this file since 4e8a532 was 4e8a532, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Update contents for libexec changes

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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[1368302]43<!--
[49144a2]44 <para>Fix a couple of test failures:</para>
[73aedd1d]45
[49144a2]46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-test-patch;</userinput></screen>
[1368302]47-->
[324209d]48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[8ef8304]49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
[fa21b3d]51
[0445a3d]52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]53
[8ef8304]54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]58 </note>
[fa21b3d]59
[8ef8304]60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]61
[8335e5c]62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[bdde021]63 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]64 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]65
66 <variablelist>
67 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
68
69 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]70 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]71 <listitem>
72 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
73 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
74 </para>
75 </listitem>
76 </varlistentry>
77 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]78
[8ef8304]79 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]80
[0445a3d]81<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]82
[f4c628c]83 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]84 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]85
[8ef8304]86 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
87 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]88
[1368302]89<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]90
[a3b689f]91 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]92 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
93 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
94 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
95 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
96
[0445a3d]97<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]98
[615a565]99 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
100 run the tests:</para>
101
[ba33377]102<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]103
[f0f7ea0]104 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
105 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]106
[ea31e92]107<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]108 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]109
[9e85ca2]110 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
111
[0445a3d]112<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]113
[8ef8304]114 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]115
[0445a3d]116<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]117
[8ef8304]118 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]119
[0445a3d]120<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]121mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[ecbc2ff]122mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname,test,[} /bin
[52318649]123mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
124mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
125sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]126
[8ef8304]127 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
[b540268]128 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
129 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
130 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
131 need to be on the root partition:</para>
[73aedd1d]132
[0445a3d]133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]134
[8ef8304]135 </sect2>
136
137 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
138 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
139
140 <segmentedlist>
141 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]142 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]143 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]144
145 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]146 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]147 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
148 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]149 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[f6b1d91]150 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]151 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[2ca8941]152 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]153 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]154 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
155 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]156 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[4e8a532]157 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]158 </seglistitem>
159 </segmentedlist>
160
161 <variablelist>
162 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
163 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
164 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
165
[d9dc49a]166 <varlistentry id="base64">
167 <term><command>base64</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
170 specification</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]172 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
[8ef8304]177 <varlistentry id="basename">
178 <term><command>basename</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
182 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="cat">
188 <term><command>cat</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
192 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
193 </indexterm>
194 </listitem>
195 </varlistentry>
196
[c5b9277]197 <varlistentry id="chcon">
198 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
199 <listitem>
[90aae6b]200 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
202 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
[8ef8304]207 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
208 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
212 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="chmod">
218 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
221 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
222 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
224 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="chown">
230 <term><command>chown</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
233 directories</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
235 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="chroot">
241 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
244 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
246 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="cksum">
252 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
255 counts of each specified file</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
257 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="comm">
263 <term><command>comm</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
266 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
268 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="cp">
274 <term><command>cp</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Copies files</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
278 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="csplit">
284 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
287 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
288 count of each new file</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
290 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="cut">
296 <term><command>cut</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
299 fields or positions</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
301 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="date">
307 <term><command>date</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
310 system date</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
312 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="dd">
318 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
321 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
323 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="df">
329 <term><command>df</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
332 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
333 files</para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
335 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="dir">
341 <term><command>dir</command></term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
344 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
346 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
352 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
355 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
356 <command>ls</command></para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
358 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="dirname">
364 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
368 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="du">
374 <term><command>du</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
377 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
378 each of the given files</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
380 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="echo">
386 <term><command>echo</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
390 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="env">
396 <term><command>env</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
400 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="expand">
406 <term><command>expand</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
410 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="expr">
416 <term><command>expr</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
420 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="factor">
426 <term><command>factor</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
430 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="false">
436 <term><command>false</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
439 indicating failure</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
441 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="fmt">
447 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
451 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="fold">
457 <term><command>fold</command></term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
461 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="groups">
467 <term><command>groups</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
471 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="head">
477 <term><command>head</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
480 of each given file</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
482 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="hostid">
488 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
492 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="id">
498 <term><command>id</command></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
501 of the current user or specified user</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
503 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="install">
509 <term><command>install</command> </term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
512 possible, their owner and group</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
514 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="join">
520 <term><command>join</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
523 separate files</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
525 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="link">
531 <term><command>link</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
535 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="ln">
541 <term><command>ln</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
545 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="logname">
551 <term><command>logname</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
555 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="ls">
561 <term><command>ls</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
565 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
571 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
575 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
581 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
584 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
585 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
586 </indexterm>
587 </listitem>
588 </varlistentry>
589
590 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
591 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
592 <listitem>
593 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
594 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
596 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="mknod">
602 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
605 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
607 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
[a5933e2]612 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
613 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
617 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
[8ef8304]622 <varlistentry id="mv">
623 <term><command>mv</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
627 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="nice">
633 <term><command>nice</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
637 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="nl">
643 <term><command>nl</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
647 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="nohup">
653 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
656 a log file</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
658 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
[fb55e1f]663 <varlistentry id="nproc">
664 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
667 process</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
669 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
[f6b1d91]674 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
675 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
679 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
[8ef8304]684 <varlistentry id="od">
685 <term><command>od</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
689 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="paste">
695 <term><command>paste</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
698 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
700 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
706 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
709 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
710 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
711 </indexterm>
712 </listitem>
713 </varlistentry>
714
715 <varlistentry id="pinky">
716 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
717 <listitem>
718 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
719 about the given users</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
721 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="pr">
727 <term><command>pr</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
731 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="printenv">
737 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Prints the environment</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
741 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="printf">
747 <term><command>printf</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
750 like the C printf function</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
752 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="ptx">
758 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
761 with each keyword in its context</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
763 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="pwd">
769 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
773 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="readlink">
779 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
783 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
[02213b9]788 <varlistentry id="realpath">
789 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
793 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
[8ef8304]798 <varlistentry id="rm">
799 <term><command>rm</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
803 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
809 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
813 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
[c5b9277]818 <varlistentry id="runcon">
819 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
820 <listitem>
[90aae6b]821 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
823 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
[8ef8304]828 <varlistentry id="seq">
829 <term><command>seq</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
832 given increment</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
834 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
840 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
843 checksums</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
845 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
[d9dc49a]850 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
851 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
855 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
861 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
865 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
871 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
875 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
881 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
885 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
[8ef8304]890 <varlistentry id="shred">
891 <term><command>shred</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
894 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
896 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
[d9dc49a]901 <varlistentry id="shuf">
902 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
906 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
[8ef8304]911 <varlistentry id="sleep">
912 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
916 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="sort">
922 <term><command>sort</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
926 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="split">
932 <term><command>split</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
935 lines</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
937 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="stat">
943 <term><command>stat</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
947 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
[da1a7d6]952 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
953 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
956 streams</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
958 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
[8ef8304]963 <varlistentry id="stty">
964 <term><command>stty</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
968 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="sum">
974 <term><command>sum</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
978 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="sync">
984 <term><command>sync</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
987 and updates the super block</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
989 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="tac">
995 <term><command>tac</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
999 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="tail">
1005 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1008 given file</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1010 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="tee">
1016 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1019 and to the given files</para>
1020 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1021 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1022 </indexterm>
1023 </listitem>
1024 </varlistentry>
1025
1026 <varlistentry id="test">
1027 <term><command>test</command></term>
1028 <listitem>
1029 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1030 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1031 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1032 </indexterm>
1033 </listitem>
1034 </varlistentry>
1035
[90aae6b]1036 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1037 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1038 <listitem>
1039 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1041 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
[8ef8304]1046 <varlistentry id="touch">
1047 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1050 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1051 are created with zero length</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1053 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="tr">
1059 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1062 standard input</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1064 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="true">
1070 <term><command>true</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1073 indicating success</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1075 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
[c5b9277]1080 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1081 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1083 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1085 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
[8ef8304]1090 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1091 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1094 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1096 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="tty">
1102 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1105 input</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1107 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="uname">
1113 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Reports system information</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1117 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1123 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1124 <listitem>
1125 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1126 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1127 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1128 </indexterm>
1129 </listitem>
1130 </varlistentry>
1131
1132 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1133 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1134 <listitem>
1135 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1136 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1137 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1138 </indexterm>
1139 </listitem>
1140 </varlistentry>
1141
1142 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1143 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1144 <listitem>
1145 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1146 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1147 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1148 </indexterm>
1149 </listitem>
1150 </varlistentry>
1151
1152 <varlistentry id="users">
1153 <term><command>users</command></term>
1154 <listitem>
1155 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1157 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1158 </indexterm>
1159 </listitem>
1160 </varlistentry>
1161
1162 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1163 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1164 <listitem>
1165 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1167 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1168 </indexterm>
1169 </listitem>
1170 </varlistentry>
1171
1172 <varlistentry id="wc">
1173 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1174 <listitem>
1175 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1176 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1178 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1179 </indexterm>
1180 </listitem>
1181 </varlistentry>
1182
1183 <varlistentry id="who">
1184 <term><command>who</command></term>
1185 <listitem>
1186 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1188 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1189 </indexterm>
1190 </listitem>
1191 </varlistentry>
1192
1193 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1194 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1195 <listitem>
1196 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1197 user ID</para>
1198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1199 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1200 </indexterm>
1201 </listitem>
1202 </varlistentry>
1203
1204 <varlistentry id="yes">
1205 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1206 <listitem>
1207 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1208 killed</para>
1209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1210 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1211 </indexterm>
1212 </listitem>
1213 </varlistentry>
1214
[9d42ad9]1215 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1216 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1217 <listitem>
1218 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1219 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1220 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1221 </indexterm>
1222 </listitem>
1223 </varlistentry>
1224
[8ef8304]1225 </variablelist>
1226
1227 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1228
1229</sect1>
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