source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 5c14293

7.9-systemd
Last change on this file since 5c14293 was b75237d, checked in by DJ Lucas <dj@…>, 8 years ago

Merge from trunk r10988.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd@10989 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[63e8d0a]43<!--
[61ce0b1]44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
[63e8d0a]47-->
[61ce0b1]48
[324209d]49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[63e8d0a]50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
[b75237d]51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
[63e8d0a]52
[b75237d]53<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]54
[8ef8304]55 <note>
56 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
57 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
58 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]59 </note>
[fa21b3d]60
[8ef8304]61 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]62
[8335e5c]63<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[a3af16f]64 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
[6b9aa3b]70 <varlistentry>
71 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
74 built as the root user.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78
[615a565]79 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]80 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]81 <listitem>
82 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
83 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
84 </para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]88
[8ef8304]89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]90
[b75237d]91<screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]92
[f4c628c]93 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]94 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]95
[8ef8304]96 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
97 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]98
[f0f4140]99<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]100
[a3b689f]101 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]102 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
103 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
104 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
105 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
106
[0445a3d]107<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]108
[615a565]109 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
110 run the tests:</para>
111
[ba33377]112<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]113
[f0f7ea0]114 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
115 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]116
[ea31e92]117<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]118 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]119
[6b9aa3b]120 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
121 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
122
[9e85ca2]123 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
124
[0445a3d]125<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]126
[8ef8304]127 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]128
[0445a3d]129<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]130
[8ef8304]131 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]132
[0445a3d]133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]134mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[c97d81d]135mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]136mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
137mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
138sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]139
[9b26915]140 <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
141 programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
142 make sure they are placed there:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
145
[8ef8304]146 </sect2>
147
148 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
149 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
150
151 <segmentedlist>
152 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]153 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]154 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]155
156 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]157 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]158 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
159 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]160 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[b1a51ac1]161 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]162 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[ce5ebe1]163 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]164 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]165 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
166 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]167 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[7752574]168 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]169 </seglistitem>
170 </segmentedlist>
171
172 <variablelist>
173 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
174 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
175 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
176
[d9dc49a]177 <varlistentry id="base64">
178 <term><command>base64</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
181 specification</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]183 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
[8ef8304]188 <varlistentry id="basename">
189 <term><command>basename</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
193 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="cat">
199 <term><command>cat</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
203 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
204 </indexterm>
205 </listitem>
206 </varlistentry>
207
[c5b9277]208 <varlistentry id="chcon">
209 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
210 <listitem>
[90aae6b]211 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
213 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
[8ef8304]218 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
219 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
223 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
224 </indexterm>
225 </listitem>
226 </varlistentry>
227
228 <varlistentry id="chmod">
229 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
230 <listitem>
231 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
232 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
233 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
235 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="chown">
241 <term><command>chown</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
244 directories</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
246 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="chroot">
252 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
255 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
257 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="cksum">
263 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
266 counts of each specified file</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
268 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="comm">
274 <term><command>comm</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
277 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
279 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="cp">
285 <term><command>cp</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Copies files</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
289 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="csplit">
295 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
298 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
299 count of each new file</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
301 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="cut">
307 <term><command>cut</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
310 fields or positions</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
312 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="date">
318 <term><command>date</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
321 system date</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
323 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="dd">
329 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
332 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
334 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="df">
340 <term><command>df</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
343 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
344 files</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
346 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="dir">
352 <term><command>dir</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
355 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
357 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
363 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
366 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
367 <command>ls</command></para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
369 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="dirname">
375 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
379 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="du">
385 <term><command>du</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
388 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
389 each of the given files</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
391 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="echo">
397 <term><command>echo</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
401 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="env">
407 <term><command>env</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
411 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="expand">
417 <term><command>expand</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
421 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="expr">
427 <term><command>expr</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
431 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="factor">
437 <term><command>factor</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
441 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="false">
447 <term><command>false</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
450 indicating failure</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
452 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="fmt">
458 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
462 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="fold">
468 <term><command>fold</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
472 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="groups">
478 <term><command>groups</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
482 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="head">
488 <term><command>head</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
491 of each given file</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
493 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="hostid">
499 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
503 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="id">
509 <term><command>id</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
512 of the current user or specified user</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
514 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="install">
520 <term><command>install</command> </term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
523 possible, their owner and group</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
525 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="join">
531 <term><command>join</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
534 separate files</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
536 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="link">
542 <term><command>link</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
546 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="ln">
552 <term><command>ln</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
556 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="logname">
562 <term><command>logname</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
566 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="ls">
572 <term><command>ls</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
576 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
582 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
586 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
592 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
596 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
602 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
603 <listitem>
[b5734891]604 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
605 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
[8ef8304]606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
607 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="mknod">
613 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
616 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
618 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
[a5933e2]623 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
624 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
628 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
[8ef8304]633 <varlistentry id="mv">
634 <term><command>mv</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
638 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="nice">
644 <term><command>nice</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
648 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="nl">
654 <term><command>nl</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
658 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="nohup">
664 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
667 a log file</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
669 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
[fb55e1f]674 <varlistentry id="nproc">
675 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
678 process</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
680 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
[b1a51ac1]685 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
686 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
690 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
[8ef8304]695 <varlistentry id="od">
696 <term><command>od</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
700 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="paste">
706 <term><command>paste</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
709 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
711 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
717 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
721 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="pinky">
727 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
730 about the given users</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
732 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="pr">
738 <term><command>pr</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
742 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="printenv">
748 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>Prints the environment</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
752 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="printf">
758 <term><command>printf</command></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
761 like the C printf function</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
763 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="ptx">
769 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
772 with each keyword in its context</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
774 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="pwd">
780 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
784 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="readlink">
790 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
794 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
[02213b9]799 <varlistentry id="realpath">
800 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
803 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
804 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
805 </indexterm>
806 </listitem>
807 </varlistentry>
808
[8ef8304]809 <varlistentry id="rm">
810 <term><command>rm</command></term>
811 <listitem>
812 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
813 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
814 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
815 </indexterm>
816 </listitem>
817 </varlistentry>
818
819 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
820 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
821 <listitem>
822 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
824 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
[c5b9277]829 <varlistentry id="runcon">
830 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
831 <listitem>
[90aae6b]832 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
834 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
[8ef8304]839 <varlistentry id="seq">
840 <term><command>seq</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
843 given increment</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
845 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
851 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
854 checksums</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
856 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
[d9dc49a]861 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
862 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
866 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
872 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
876 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
882 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
886 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
892 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
896 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
[8ef8304]901 <varlistentry id="shred">
902 <term><command>shred</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
905 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
907 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
[d9dc49a]912 <varlistentry id="shuf">
913 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
917 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
[8ef8304]922 <varlistentry id="sleep">
923 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
927 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="sort">
933 <term><command>sort</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
937 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="split">
943 <term><command>split</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
946 lines</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
948 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="stat">
954 <term><command>stat</command></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
958 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
[da1a7d69]963 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
964 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
967 streams</para>
968 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
969 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
970 </indexterm>
971 </listitem>
972 </varlistentry>
973
[8ef8304]974 <varlistentry id="stty">
975 <term><command>stty</command></term>
976 <listitem>
977 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
979 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="sum">
985 <term><command>sum</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
989 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="sync">
995 <term><command>sync</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
998 and updates the super block</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1000 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="tac">
1006 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1010 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="tail">
1016 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1019 given file</para>
1020 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1021 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1022 </indexterm>
1023 </listitem>
1024 </varlistentry>
1025
1026 <varlistentry id="tee">
1027 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1028 <listitem>
1029 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1030 and to the given files</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1032 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="test">
1038 <term><command>test</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1042 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
[90aae6b]1047 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1048 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1051 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1052 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1053 </indexterm>
1054 </listitem>
1055 </varlistentry>
1056
[8ef8304]1057 <varlistentry id="touch">
1058 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1059 <listitem>
1060 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1061 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1062 are created with zero length</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1064 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="tr">
1070 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1073 standard input</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1075 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="true">
1081 <term><command>true</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1084 indicating success</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1086 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
[c5b9277]1091 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1092 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1094 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1096 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
[8ef8304]1101 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1102 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1105 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1107 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="tty">
1113 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1116 input</para>
1117 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1118 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1119 </indexterm>
1120 </listitem>
1121 </varlistentry>
1122
1123 <varlistentry id="uname">
1124 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1125 <listitem>
1126 <para>Reports system information</para>
1127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1128 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1129 </indexterm>
1130 </listitem>
1131 </varlistentry>
1132
1133 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1134 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1135 <listitem>
1136 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1137 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1138 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1139 </indexterm>
1140 </listitem>
1141 </varlistentry>
1142
1143 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1144 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1145 <listitem>
1146 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1147 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1148 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1149 </indexterm>
1150 </listitem>
1151 </varlistentry>
1152
1153 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1154 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1155 <listitem>
1156 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1157 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1158 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1159 </indexterm>
1160 </listitem>
1161 </varlistentry>
1162
1163 <varlistentry id="users">
1164 <term><command>users</command></term>
1165 <listitem>
1166 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1167 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1168 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1169 </indexterm>
1170 </listitem>
1171 </varlistentry>
1172
1173 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1174 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1175 <listitem>
1176 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1178 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1179 </indexterm>
1180 </listitem>
1181 </varlistentry>
1182
1183 <varlistentry id="wc">
1184 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1185 <listitem>
1186 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1187 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1189 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1190 </indexterm>
1191 </listitem>
1192 </varlistentry>
1193
1194 <varlistentry id="who">
1195 <term><command>who</command></term>
1196 <listitem>
1197 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1199 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1200 </indexterm>
1201 </listitem>
1202 </varlistentry>
1203
1204 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1205 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1206 <listitem>
1207 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1208 user ID</para>
1209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1210 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1211 </indexterm>
1212 </listitem>
1213 </varlistentry>
1214
1215 <varlistentry id="yes">
1216 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1217 <listitem>
1218 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1219 killed</para>
1220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1221 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1222 </indexterm>
1223 </listitem>
1224 </varlistentry>
1225
[9d42ad9]1226 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[930578e4]1227 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1228 <listitem>
1229 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[930578e4]1231 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
[9d42ad9]1232 </indexterm>
1233 </listitem>
1234 </varlistentry>
1235
[8ef8304]1236 </variablelist>
1237
1238 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1239
1240</sect1>
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