source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ a10a993

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Last change on this file since a10a993 was 96e9f0b, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Add an instruction to the eudev install to create the initial
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin file.

Update to tzdata-2014i.
Update to util-linux-2.25.2.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10779 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 42.7 KB
RevLine 
[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[523725c]43<!--
[b17411e]44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
[523725c]47-->
[b17411e]48
[324209d]49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[523725c]50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
[fa21b3d]55
[523725c]56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch; &amp;&amp;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]58
[8ef8304]59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]63 </note>
[fa21b3d]64
[8ef8304]65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]66
[8335e5c]67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[bdde021]68 --prefix=/usr \
[bd899fb]69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
[96e9f0b]74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
78 built as the root user.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
[615a565]83 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]84 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]85 <listitem>
86 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
87 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]92
[8ef8304]93 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]94
[0445a3d]95<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]96
[f4c628c]97 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]98 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]99
[8ef8304]100 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
101 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]102
[1368302]103<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]104
[a3b689f]105 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]106 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
107 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
108 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
109 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
110
[0445a3d]111<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]112
[615a565]113 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
114 run the tests:</para>
115
[ba33377]116<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]117
[f0f7ea0]118 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
[523725c]119 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[ea31e92]121<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]122 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]123
[96e9f0b]124 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
125 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
126
[9e85ca2]127 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
128
[0445a3d]129<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]130
[8ef8304]131 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]132
[0445a3d]133<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]134
[8ef8304]135 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]136
[0445a3d]137<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]138mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[88b27a6]139mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]140mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
141mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
142sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]143
[8ef8304]144 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
[b540268]145 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
146 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
147 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
148 need to be on the root partition:</para>
[73aedd1d]149
[88b27a6]150<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]151
[8ef8304]152 </sect2>
153
154 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
155 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
156
157 <segmentedlist>
158 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]159 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]160 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]161
162 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]163 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]164 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
165 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]166 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[f6b1d91]167 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]168 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[2ca8941]169 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]170 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]171 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
172 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]173 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[4e8a532]174 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]175 </seglistitem>
176 </segmentedlist>
177
178 <variablelist>
179 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
180 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
181 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
182
[d9dc49a]183 <varlistentry id="base64">
184 <term><command>base64</command></term>
185 <listitem>
186 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
187 specification</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]189 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
[8ef8304]194 <varlistentry id="basename">
195 <term><command>basename</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
199 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="cat">
205 <term><command>cat</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
209 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
[c5b9277]214 <varlistentry id="chcon">
215 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
216 <listitem>
[90aae6b]217 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
219 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
[8ef8304]224 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
225 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
228 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
229 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
230 </indexterm>
231 </listitem>
232 </varlistentry>
233
234 <varlistentry id="chmod">
235 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
236 <listitem>
237 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
238 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
239 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
241 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243 </listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246 <varlistentry id="chown">
247 <term><command>chown</command></term>
248 <listitem>
249 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
250 directories</para>
251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
252 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
253 </indexterm>
254 </listitem>
255 </varlistentry>
256
257 <varlistentry id="chroot">
258 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
259 <listitem>
260 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
261 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
263 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
264 </indexterm>
265 </listitem>
266 </varlistentry>
267
268 <varlistentry id="cksum">
269 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
272 counts of each specified file</para>
273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
274 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
275 </indexterm>
276 </listitem>
277 </varlistentry>
278
279 <varlistentry id="comm">
280 <term><command>comm</command></term>
281 <listitem>
282 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
283 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
285 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="cp">
291 <term><command>cp</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>Copies files</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
295 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="csplit">
301 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
304 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
305 count of each new file</para>
306 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
307 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
308 </indexterm>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311
312 <varlistentry id="cut">
313 <term><command>cut</command></term>
314 <listitem>
315 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
316 fields or positions</para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
318 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="date">
324 <term><command>date</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
327 system date</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
329 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="dd">
335 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
338 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
340 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="df">
346 <term><command>df</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
349 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
350 files</para>
351 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
352 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
353 </indexterm>
354 </listitem>
355 </varlistentry>
356
357 <varlistentry id="dir">
358 <term><command>dir</command></term>
359 <listitem>
360 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
361 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
363 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
369 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
372 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
373 <command>ls</command></para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
375 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="dirname">
381 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
385 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="du">
391 <term><command>du</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
394 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
395 each of the given files</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
397 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="echo">
403 <term><command>echo</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
407 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="env">
413 <term><command>env</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
416 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
417 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="expand">
423 <term><command>expand</command></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
427 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
428 </indexterm>
429 </listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry id="expr">
433 <term><command>expr</command></term>
434 <listitem>
435 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
436 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
437 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
438 </indexterm>
439 </listitem>
440 </varlistentry>
441
442 <varlistentry id="factor">
443 <term><command>factor</command></term>
444 <listitem>
445 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
447 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 <varlistentry id="false">
453 <term><command>false</command></term>
454 <listitem>
455 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
456 indicating failure</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
458 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="fmt">
464 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
468 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="fold">
474 <term><command>fold</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
478 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="groups">
484 <term><command>groups</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
487 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
488 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
489 </indexterm>
490 </listitem>
491 </varlistentry>
492
493 <varlistentry id="head">
494 <term><command>head</command></term>
495 <listitem>
496 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
497 of each given file</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
499 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="hostid">
505 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
509 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="id">
515 <term><command>id</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
518 of the current user or specified user</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
520 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="install">
526 <term><command>install</command> </term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
529 possible, their owner and group</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
531 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="join">
537 <term><command>join</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
540 separate files</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
542 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="link">
548 <term><command>link</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
552 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="ln">
558 <term><command>ln</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
562 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="logname">
568 <term><command>logname</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
572 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="ls">
578 <term><command>ls</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
582 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
588 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
592 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
598 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
602 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
608 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
611 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
613 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="mknod">
619 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
622 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
624 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
625 </indexterm>
626 </listitem>
627 </varlistentry>
628
[a5933e2]629 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
630 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
631 <listitem>
632 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
634 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
[8ef8304]639 <varlistentry id="mv">
640 <term><command>mv</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
644 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="nice">
650 <term><command>nice</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
654 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="nl">
660 <term><command>nl</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
663 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
664 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
665 </indexterm>
666 </listitem>
667 </varlistentry>
668
669 <varlistentry id="nohup">
670 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
671 <listitem>
672 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
673 a log file</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
675 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
[fb55e1f]680 <varlistentry id="nproc">
681 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
684 process</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
686 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
[f6b1d91]691 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
692 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
696 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
[8ef8304]701 <varlistentry id="od">
702 <term><command>od</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
706 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="paste">
712 <term><command>paste</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
715 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
717 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
723 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
727 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="pinky">
733 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
736 about the given users</para>
737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
738 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
739 </indexterm>
740 </listitem>
741 </varlistentry>
742
743 <varlistentry id="pr">
744 <term><command>pr</command></term>
745 <listitem>
746 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
748 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="printenv">
754 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Prints the environment</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
758 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="printf">
764 <term><command>printf</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
767 like the C printf function</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
769 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="ptx">
775 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
778 with each keyword in its context</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
780 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="pwd">
786 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
790 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="readlink">
796 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
800 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
[02213b9]805 <varlistentry id="realpath">
806 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
810 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
[8ef8304]815 <varlistentry id="rm">
816 <term><command>rm</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
819 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
820 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
821 </indexterm>
822 </listitem>
823 </varlistentry>
824
825 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
826 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
827 <listitem>
828 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
830 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
[c5b9277]835 <varlistentry id="runcon">
836 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
837 <listitem>
[90aae6b]838 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
840 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
[8ef8304]845 <varlistentry id="seq">
846 <term><command>seq</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
849 given increment</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
851 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
857 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
860 checksums</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
862 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
[d9dc49a]867 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
868 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
872 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
878 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
882 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
883 </indexterm>
884 </listitem>
885 </varlistentry>
886
887 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
888 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
889 <listitem>
890 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
892 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
898 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
902 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
[8ef8304]907 <varlistentry id="shred">
908 <term><command>shred</command></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
911 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
913 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
[d9dc49a]918 <varlistentry id="shuf">
919 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
922 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
923 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
924 </indexterm>
925 </listitem>
926 </varlistentry>
927
[8ef8304]928 <varlistentry id="sleep">
929 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
930 <listitem>
931 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
933 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="sort">
939 <term><command>sort</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
943 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="split">
949 <term><command>split</command></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
952 lines</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
954 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="stat">
960 <term><command>stat</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
963 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
964 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
965 </indexterm>
966 </listitem>
967 </varlistentry>
968
[da1a7d69]969 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
970 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
971 <listitem>
972 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
973 streams</para>
974 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
975 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
976 </indexterm>
977 </listitem>
978 </varlistentry>
979
[8ef8304]980 <varlistentry id="stty">
981 <term><command>stty</command></term>
982 <listitem>
983 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
985 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="sum">
991 <term><command>sum</command></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
995 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="sync">
1001 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1004 and updates the super block</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1006 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="tac">
1012 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1016 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="tail">
1022 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1025 given file</para>
1026 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1027 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1028 </indexterm>
1029 </listitem>
1030 </varlistentry>
1031
1032 <varlistentry id="tee">
1033 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1034 <listitem>
1035 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1036 and to the given files</para>
1037 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1038 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1039 </indexterm>
1040 </listitem>
1041 </varlistentry>
1042
1043 <varlistentry id="test">
1044 <term><command>test</command></term>
1045 <listitem>
1046 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1047 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1048 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1049 </indexterm>
1050 </listitem>
1051 </varlistentry>
1052
[90aae6b]1053 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1054 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1055 <listitem>
1056 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1058 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
[8ef8304]1063 <varlistentry id="touch">
1064 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1067 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1068 are created with zero length</para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1070 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="tr">
1076 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1079 standard input</para>
1080 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1081 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1082 </indexterm>
1083 </listitem>
1084 </varlistentry>
1085
1086 <varlistentry id="true">
1087 <term><command>true</command></term>
1088 <listitem>
1089 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1090 indicating success</para>
1091 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1092 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1093 </indexterm>
1094 </listitem>
1095 </varlistentry>
1096
[c5b9277]1097 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1098 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1099 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1100 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1102 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1103 </indexterm>
1104 </listitem>
1105 </varlistentry>
1106
[8ef8304]1107 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1108 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1109 <listitem>
1110 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1111 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1112 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1113 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1114 </indexterm>
1115 </listitem>
1116 </varlistentry>
1117
1118 <varlistentry id="tty">
1119 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1120 <listitem>
1121 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1122 input</para>
1123 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1124 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1125 </indexterm>
1126 </listitem>
1127 </varlistentry>
1128
1129 <varlistentry id="uname">
1130 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1131 <listitem>
1132 <para>Reports system information</para>
1133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1134 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1135 </indexterm>
1136 </listitem>
1137 </varlistentry>
1138
1139 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1140 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1141 <listitem>
1142 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1143 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1144 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1145 </indexterm>
1146 </listitem>
1147 </varlistentry>
1148
1149 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1150 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1151 <listitem>
1152 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1154 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1155 </indexterm>
1156 </listitem>
1157 </varlistentry>
1158
1159 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1160 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1161 <listitem>
1162 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1164 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1165 </indexterm>
1166 </listitem>
1167 </varlistentry>
1168
1169 <varlistentry id="users">
1170 <term><command>users</command></term>
1171 <listitem>
1172 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1174 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1175 </indexterm>
1176 </listitem>
1177 </varlistentry>
1178
1179 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1180 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1181 <listitem>
1182 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1184 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1185 </indexterm>
1186 </listitem>
1187 </varlistentry>
1188
1189 <varlistentry id="wc">
1190 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1191 <listitem>
1192 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1193 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1195 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1196 </indexterm>
1197 </listitem>
1198 </varlistentry>
1199
1200 <varlistentry id="who">
1201 <term><command>who</command></term>
1202 <listitem>
1203 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1205 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1206 </indexterm>
1207 </listitem>
1208 </varlistentry>
1209
1210 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1211 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1212 <listitem>
1213 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1214 user ID</para>
1215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1216 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1217 </indexterm>
1218 </listitem>
1219 </varlistentry>
1220
1221 <varlistentry id="yes">
1222 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1223 <listitem>
1224 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1225 killed</para>
1226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1227 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1228 </indexterm>
1229 </listitem>
1230 </varlistentry>
1231
[9d42ad9]1232 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1233 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1234 <listitem>
1235 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1237 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1238 </indexterm>
1239 </listitem>
1240 </varlistentry>
1241
[8ef8304]1242 </variablelist>
1243
1244 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1245
1246</sect1>
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