source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ ba8848f

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Last change on this file since ba8848f was ba8848f, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 11 years ago

Fix a few more typos and whitespaces.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10367 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[1368302]43<!--
[49144a2]44 <para>Fix a couple of test failures:</para>
[73aedd1d]45
[49144a2]46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-test-patch;</userinput></screen>
[1368302]47-->
[324209d]48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[8ef8304]49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
[fa21b3d]51
[0445a3d]52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]53
[8ef8304]54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]58 </note>
[fa21b3d]59
[8ef8304]60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]61
[8335e5c]62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[bdde021]63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
[bd899fb]65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]71 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]72 <listitem>
73 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
74 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]79
[8ef8304]80 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]81
[0445a3d]82<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]83
[f4c628c]84 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]85 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]86
[8ef8304]87 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
88 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]89
[1368302]90<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]91
[a3b689f]92 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]93 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
94 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
95 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
96 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
97
[0445a3d]98<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]99
[615a565]100 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
101 run the tests:</para>
102
[ba33377]103<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]104
[f0f7ea0]105 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
106 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]107
[ea31e92]108<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]109 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]110
[9e85ca2]111 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
112
[0445a3d]113<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]114
[8ef8304]115 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]116
[0445a3d]117<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]118
[8ef8304]119 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[0445a3d]121<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]122mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[ecbc2ff]123mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname,test,[} /bin
[52318649]124mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
125mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
126sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]127
[8ef8304]128 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
[b540268]129 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
130 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
131 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
132 need to be on the root partition:</para>
[73aedd1d]133
[0445a3d]134<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]135
[8ef8304]136 </sect2>
137
138
139 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
140 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
141
142 <segmentedlist>
143 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]144 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]145 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]146
147 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]148 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]149 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
150 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]151 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[fb55e1f]152 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]153 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[2ca8941]154 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]155 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]156 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
157 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]158 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[ba8848f]159 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]160 </seglistitem>
161 </segmentedlist>
162
163 <variablelist>
164 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
165 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
166 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
167
[d9dc49a]168 <varlistentry id="base64">
169 <term><command>base64</command></term>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
172 specification</para>
173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]174 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]175 </indexterm>
176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
[8ef8304]179 <varlistentry id="basename">
180 <term><command>basename</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
184 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="cat">
190 <term><command>cat</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
194 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
[c5b9277]199 <varlistentry id="chcon">
200 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
201 <listitem>
[90aae6b]202 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
204 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
[8ef8304]209 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
210 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
214 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
215 </indexterm>
216 </listitem>
217 </varlistentry>
218
219 <varlistentry id="chmod">
220 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
221 <listitem>
222 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
223 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
224 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
226 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="chown">
232 <term><command>chown</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
235 directories</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
237 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="chroot">
243 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
246 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
248 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="cksum">
254 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
257 counts of each specified file</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
259 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="comm">
265 <term><command>comm</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
268 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
270 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="cp">
276 <term><command>cp</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Copies files</para>
279 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
280 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
281 </indexterm>
282 </listitem>
283 </varlistentry>
284
285 <varlistentry id="csplit">
286 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
287 <listitem>
288 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
289 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
290 count of each new file</para>
291 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
292 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294 </listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
296
297 <varlistentry id="cut">
298 <term><command>cut</command></term>
299 <listitem>
300 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
301 fields or positions</para>
302 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
303 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
304 </indexterm>
305 </listitem>
306 </varlistentry>
307
308 <varlistentry id="date">
309 <term><command>date</command></term>
310 <listitem>
311 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
312 system date</para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
314 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="dd">
320 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
323 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
324 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
325 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
326 </indexterm>
327 </listitem>
328 </varlistentry>
329
330 <varlistentry id="df">
331 <term><command>df</command></term>
332 <listitem>
333 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
334 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
335 files</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
337 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="dir">
343 <term><command>dir</command></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
346 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
348 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
354 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
357 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
358 <command>ls</command></para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
360 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="dirname">
366 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
370 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="du">
376 <term><command>du</command></term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
379 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
380 each of the given files</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
382 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="echo">
388 <term><command>echo</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
392 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="env">
398 <term><command>env</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
402 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="expand">
408 <term><command>expand</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
411 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
412 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414 </listitem>
415 </varlistentry>
416
417 <varlistentry id="expr">
418 <term><command>expr</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
422 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="factor">
428 <term><command>factor</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
432 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="false">
438 <term><command>false</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
441 indicating failure</para>
442 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
443 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 <varlistentry id="fmt">
449 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
450 <listitem>
451 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
453 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="fold">
459 <term><command>fold</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
463 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="groups">
469 <term><command>groups</command></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
473 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="head">
479 <term><command>head</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
482 of each given file</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
484 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="hostid">
490 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
494 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="id">
500 <term><command>id</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
503 of the current user or specified user</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
505 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="install">
511 <term><command>install</command> </term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
514 possible, their owner and group</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
516 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="join">
522 <term><command>join</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
525 separate files</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
527 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="link">
533 <term><command>link</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
537 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="ln">
543 <term><command>ln</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
547 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="logname">
553 <term><command>logname</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
557 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="ls">
563 <term><command>ls</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
567 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
573 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
577 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
583 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
587 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
593 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
596 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
598 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="mknod">
604 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
607 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
608 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
609 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
610 </indexterm>
611 </listitem>
612 </varlistentry>
613
[a5933e2]614 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
615 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
616 <listitem>
617 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
619 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
[8ef8304]624 <varlistentry id="mv">
625 <term><command>mv</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
629 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="nice">
635 <term><command>nice</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
639 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="nl">
645 <term><command>nl</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
649 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="nohup">
655 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
658 a log file</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
660 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
[fb55e1f]665 <varlistentry id="nproc">
666 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
669 process</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
671 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
[8ef8304]676 <varlistentry id="od">
677 <term><command>od</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
681 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="paste">
687 <term><command>paste</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
690 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
692 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
698 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
702 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="pinky">
708 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
711 about the given users</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
713 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pr">
719 <term><command>pr</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
723 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="printenv">
729 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Prints the environment</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
733 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="printf">
739 <term><command>printf</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
742 like the C printf function</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
744 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="ptx">
750 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
753 with each keyword in its context</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
755 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="pwd">
761 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
765 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="readlink">
771 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
775 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
[02213b9]780 <varlistentry id="realpath">
781 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
785 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
[8ef8304]790 <varlistentry id="rm">
791 <term><command>rm</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
795 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
801 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
805 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
[c5b9277]810 <varlistentry id="runcon">
811 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
812 <listitem>
[90aae6b]813 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
815 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
[8ef8304]820 <varlistentry id="seq">
821 <term><command>seq</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
824 given increment</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
826 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
832 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
835 checksums</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
837 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
[d9dc49a]842 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
843 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
846 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
847 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
848 </indexterm>
849 </listitem>
850 </varlistentry>
851
852 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
853 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
854 <listitem>
855 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
857 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
863 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
867 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
873 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
877 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
[8ef8304]882 <varlistentry id="shred">
883 <term><command>shred</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
886 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
888 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
[d9dc49a]893 <varlistentry id="shuf">
894 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
898 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
[8ef8304]903 <varlistentry id="sleep">
904 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
908 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="sort">
914 <term><command>sort</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
918 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="split">
924 <term><command>split</command></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
927 lines</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
929 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="stat">
935 <term><command>stat</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
939 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
[da1a7d6]944 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
945 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
948 streams</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
950 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
[8ef8304]955 <varlistentry id="stty">
956 <term><command>stty</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
960 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="sum">
966 <term><command>sum</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
970 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="sync">
976 <term><command>sync</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
979 and updates the super block</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
981 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="tac">
987 <term><command>tac</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
991 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="tail">
997 <term><command>tail</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1000 given file</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1002 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="tee">
1008 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1011 and to the given files</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1013 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="test">
1019 <term><command>test</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1023 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
[90aae6b]1028 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1029 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1033 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
[8ef8304]1038 <varlistentry id="touch">
1039 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1042 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1043 are created with zero length</para>
1044 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1045 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1046 </indexterm>
1047 </listitem>
1048 </varlistentry>
1049
1050 <varlistentry id="tr">
1051 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1052 <listitem>
1053 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1054 standard input</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1056 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="true">
1062 <term><command>true</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1065 indicating success</para>
1066 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1067 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1068 </indexterm>
1069 </listitem>
1070 </varlistentry>
1071
[c5b9277]1072 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1073 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1074 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1075 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1077 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
[8ef8304]1082 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1083 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1086 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1088 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="tty">
1094 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1097 input</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1099 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 <varlistentry id="uname">
1105 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1106 <listitem>
1107 <para>Reports system information</para>
1108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1109 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1110 </indexterm>
1111 </listitem>
1112 </varlistentry>
1113
1114 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1115 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1116 <listitem>
1117 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1119 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1125 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1126 <listitem>
1127 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1129 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1130 </indexterm>
1131 </listitem>
1132 </varlistentry>
1133
1134 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1135 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1136 <listitem>
1137 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1139 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1140 </indexterm>
1141 </listitem>
1142 </varlistentry>
1143
1144 <varlistentry id="users">
1145 <term><command>users</command></term>
1146 <listitem>
1147 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1149 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1150 </indexterm>
1151 </listitem>
1152 </varlistentry>
1153
1154 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1155 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1156 <listitem>
1157 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1158 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1159 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1160 </indexterm>
1161 </listitem>
1162 </varlistentry>
1163
1164 <varlistentry id="wc">
1165 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1166 <listitem>
1167 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1168 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1170 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1171 </indexterm>
1172 </listitem>
1173 </varlistentry>
1174
1175 <varlistentry id="who">
1176 <term><command>who</command></term>
1177 <listitem>
1178 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1180 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1181 </indexterm>
1182 </listitem>
1183 </varlistentry>
1184
1185 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1186 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1187 <listitem>
1188 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1189 user ID</para>
1190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1191 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1192 </indexterm>
1193 </listitem>
1194 </varlistentry>
1195
1196 <varlistentry id="yes">
1197 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1198 <listitem>
1199 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1200 killed</para>
1201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1202 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1203 </indexterm>
1204 </listitem>
1205 </varlistentry>
1206
[9d42ad9]1207 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1208 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1209 <listitem>
1210 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1212 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1213 </indexterm>
1214 </listitem>
1215 </varlistentry>
1216
[8ef8304]1217 </variablelist>
1218
1219 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1220
1221</sect1>
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