source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ c158fe6

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[673b0d8]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
[b06ca36]2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
[673b0d8]4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
[8ef8304]7
[81fd230]8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
[8ef8304]9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
[e747759]11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
[8ef8304]17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
[673b0d8]25
[8ef8304]26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
[bc82645e]28
[8ef8304]29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
[5888299]32
[8ef8304]33 <seglistitem>
[e4a5635]34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
[8ef8304]36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
[673b0d8]38
[8ef8304]39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
[f0f4140]43<!--
[49144a2]44 <para>Fix a couple of test failures:</para>
[73aedd1d]45
[49144a2]46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-test-patch;</userinput></screen>
[f0f4140]47-->
[324209d]48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
[8ef8304]49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
[fa21b3d]51
[0445a3d]52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
[fa21b3d]53
[8ef8304]54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
[324209d]58 </note>
[fa21b3d]59
[8ef8304]60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
[73aedd1d]61
[8335e5c]62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
[a3af16f]63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
[bd899fb]65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
[615a565]66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
[f44fff6]71 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
[615a565]72 <listitem>
73 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
74 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78 </variablelist>
[73aedd1d]79
[8ef8304]80 <para>Compile the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]81
[0445a3d]82<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]83
[f4c628c]84 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
[8ef8304]85 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
[81fd230]86
[8ef8304]87 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
88 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
[73aedd1d]89
[f0f4140]90<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]91
[a3b689f]92 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
[9e85ca2]93 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
94 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
95 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
96 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
97
[0445a3d]98<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]99
[615a565]100 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
101 run the tests:</para>
102
[ba33377]103<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
[615a565]104
[f0f7ea0]105 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
106 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
[73aedd1d]107
[ea31e92]108<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
[49144a2]109 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]110
[9e85ca2]111 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
112
[0445a3d]113<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
[9e85ca2]114
[8ef8304]115 <para>Install the package:</para>
[73aedd1d]116
[0445a3d]117<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]118
[8ef8304]119 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
[73aedd1d]120
[0445a3d]121<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
[85acbcbb]122mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
[c97d81d]123mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
[52318649]124mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
125mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
126sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
[73aedd1d]127
[8ef8304]128 </sect2>
129
130 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
131 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
132
133 <segmentedlist>
134 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
[9d42ad9]135 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
[fe05b08]136 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
[8ef8304]137
138 <seglistitem>
[7725e5c]139 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
[c5b9277]140 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
141 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
[d9dc49a]142 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
[b1a51ac1]143 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
[02213b9]144 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
[ce5ebe1]145 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
[7725e5c]146 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
[02213b9]147 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
148 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
[9d42ad9]149 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
[c62cd46]150 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
[8ef8304]151 </seglistitem>
152 </segmentedlist>
153
154 <variablelist>
155 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
156 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
157 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
158
[d9dc49a]159 <varlistentry id="base64">
160 <term><command>base64</command></term>
161 <listitem>
162 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
163 specification</para>
164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
[79f9e00]165 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
[d9dc49a]166 </indexterm>
167 </listitem>
168 </varlistentry>
169
[8ef8304]170 <varlistentry id="basename">
171 <term><command>basename</command></term>
172 <listitem>
173 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
175 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
176 </indexterm>
177 </listitem>
178 </varlistentry>
179
180 <varlistentry id="cat">
181 <term><command>cat</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
185 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
[c5b9277]190 <varlistentry id="chcon">
191 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
192 <listitem>
[90aae6b]193 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
[c5b9277]194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
195 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
[8ef8304]200 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
201 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
205 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="chmod">
211 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
214 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
215 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
217 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chown">
223 <term><command>chown</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
226 directories</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
228 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="chroot">
234 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
237 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
239 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="cksum">
245 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
248 counts of each specified file</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
250 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="comm">
256 <term><command>comm</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
259 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
261 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="cp">
267 <term><command>cp</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Copies files</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
271 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="csplit">
277 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
280 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
281 count of each new file</para>
282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
283 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
284 </indexterm>
285 </listitem>
286 </varlistentry>
287
288 <varlistentry id="cut">
289 <term><command>cut</command></term>
290 <listitem>
291 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
292 fields or positions</para>
293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
294 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296 </listitem>
297 </varlistentry>
298
299 <varlistentry id="date">
300 <term><command>date</command></term>
301 <listitem>
302 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
303 system date</para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
305 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="dd">
311 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
314 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
316 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="df">
322 <term><command>df</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
325 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
326 files</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
328 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="dir">
334 <term><command>dir</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
337 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
339 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
345 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
348 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
349 <command>ls</command></para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
351 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="dirname">
357 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
361 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="du">
367 <term><command>du</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
370 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
371 each of the given files</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
373 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="echo">
379 <term><command>echo</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
383 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="env">
389 <term><command>env</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
393 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="expand">
399 <term><command>expand</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
403 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="expr">
409 <term><command>expr</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
413 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="factor">
419 <term><command>factor</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
423 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="false">
429 <term><command>false</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
432 indicating failure</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
434 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="fmt">
440 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
444 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="fold">
450 <term><command>fold</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
454 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="groups">
460 <term><command>groups</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
464 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="head">
470 <term><command>head</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
473 of each given file</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
475 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="hostid">
481 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
485 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="id">
491 <term><command>id</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
494 of the current user or specified user</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
496 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="install">
502 <term><command>install</command> </term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
505 possible, their owner and group</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
507 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="join">
513 <term><command>join</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
516 separate files</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
518 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="link">
524 <term><command>link</command></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
528 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="ln">
534 <term><command>ln</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
538 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="logname">
544 <term><command>logname</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
548 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="ls">
554 <term><command>ls</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
558 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
564 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
568 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
574 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
578 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
584 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
587 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
589 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="mknod">
595 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
598 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
600 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
[a5933e2]605 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
606 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
610 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
[8ef8304]615 <varlistentry id="mv">
616 <term><command>mv</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
620 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="nice">
626 <term><command>nice</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
630 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="nl">
636 <term><command>nl</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
640 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="nohup">
646 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
649 a log file</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
651 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
[fb55e1f]656 <varlistentry id="nproc">
657 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
660 process</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
662 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
[b1a51ac1]667 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
668 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
672 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
[8ef8304]677 <varlistentry id="od">
678 <term><command>od</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
682 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="paste">
688 <term><command>paste</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
691 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
693 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
699 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
703 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="pinky">
709 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
712 about the given users</para>
713 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
714 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
715 </indexterm>
716 </listitem>
717 </varlistentry>
718
719 <varlistentry id="pr">
720 <term><command>pr</command></term>
721 <listitem>
722 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
723 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
724 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
725 </indexterm>
726 </listitem>
727 </varlistentry>
728
729 <varlistentry id="printenv">
730 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
731 <listitem>
732 <para>Prints the environment</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
734 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="printf">
740 <term><command>printf</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
743 like the C printf function</para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
745 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="ptx">
751 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
754 with each keyword in its context</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
756 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="pwd">
762 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
766 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="readlink">
772 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
776 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
[02213b9]781 <varlistentry id="realpath">
782 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
786 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
[8ef8304]791 <varlistentry id="rm">
792 <term><command>rm</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
796 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
802 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
806 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
[c5b9277]811 <varlistentry id="runcon">
812 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
813 <listitem>
[90aae6b]814 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
[c5b9277]815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
816 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
[8ef8304]821 <varlistentry id="seq">
822 <term><command>seq</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
825 given increment</para>
826 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
827 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
828 </indexterm>
829 </listitem>
830 </varlistentry>
831
832 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
833 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
834 <listitem>
835 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
836 checksums</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
838 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
[d9dc49a]843 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
844 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
848 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
854 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
858 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
864 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
868 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
874 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
878 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
[8ef8304]883 <varlistentry id="shred">
884 <term><command>shred</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
887 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
889 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
[d9dc49a]894 <varlistentry id="shuf">
895 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
899 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
[8ef8304]904 <varlistentry id="sleep">
905 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
909 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="sort">
915 <term><command>sort</command></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
919 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="split">
925 <term><command>split</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
928 lines</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
930 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="stat">
936 <term><command>stat</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
940 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
[da1a7d69]945 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
946 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
949 streams</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
951 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
[8ef8304]956 <varlistentry id="stty">
957 <term><command>stty</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
961 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="sum">
967 <term><command>sum</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
971 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="sync">
977 <term><command>sync</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
980 and updates the super block</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
982 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="tac">
988 <term><command>tac</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
992 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="tail">
998 <term><command>tail</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1001 given file</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1003 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="tee">
1009 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1012 and to the given files</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1014 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="test">
1020 <term><command>test</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1024 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
[90aae6b]1029 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1030 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1034 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
[8ef8304]1039 <varlistentry id="touch">
1040 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1043 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1044 are created with zero length</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1046 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="tr">
1052 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1055 standard input</para>
1056 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1057 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1058 </indexterm>
1059 </listitem>
1060 </varlistentry>
1061
1062 <varlistentry id="true">
1063 <term><command>true</command></term>
1064 <listitem>
1065 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1066 indicating success</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1068 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
[c5b9277]1073 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1074 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
[90aae6b]1076 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
[c5b9277]1077 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1078 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1079 </indexterm>
1080 </listitem>
1081 </varlistentry>
1082
[8ef8304]1083 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1084 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1085 <listitem>
1086 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1087 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1088 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1089 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1090 </indexterm>
1091 </listitem>
1092 </varlistentry>
1093
1094 <varlistentry id="tty">
1095 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1096 <listitem>
1097 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1098 input</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1100 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="uname">
1106 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Reports system information</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1110 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1116 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1120 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1126 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1130 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1136 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1140 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="users">
1146 <term><command>users</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1150 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1156 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1160 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="wc">
1166 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1169 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1171 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1172 </indexterm>
1173 </listitem>
1174 </varlistentry>
1175
1176 <varlistentry id="who">
1177 <term><command>who</command></term>
1178 <listitem>
1179 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1181 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1182 </indexterm>
1183 </listitem>
1184 </varlistentry>
1185
1186 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1187 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1188 <listitem>
1189 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1190 user ID</para>
1191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1192 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1193 </indexterm>
1194 </listitem>
1195 </varlistentry>
1196
1197 <varlistentry id="yes">
1198 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1199 <listitem>
1200 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1201 killed</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1203 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
[9d42ad9]1208 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1209 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
[9d42ad9]1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
[b15d6da]1213 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
[9d42ad9]1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
[8ef8304]1218 </variablelist>
1219
1220 </sect2>
[673b0d8]1221
1222</sect1>
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