source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ f6fe500

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Last change on this file since f6fe500 was f6fe500, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Update bootscripts for eudev.
Add gcc patch for upstream changes.</para>
Change explanation for using omit-frame-pointer in gcc-pass2.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>First fix a problem identified upstream that causes some
45 programs to fail:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
50 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
51 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
52 consistent compiler builds:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
55 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
56esac</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
59 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
62cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-shared \
70 --enable-threads=posix \
71 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
72 --enable-clocale=gnu \
73 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
74 --disable-multilib \
75 --disable-bootstrap \
76 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
79 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
80 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
81
82 <variablelist>
83 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
84
85 <varlistentry>
86 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
87 <listitem>
88 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
89 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
90 </listitem>
91 </varlistentry>
92
93 <varlistentry>
94 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
95 <listitem>
96 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
97 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <important>
107 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
108 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
109 </important>
110
111 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
112 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
125 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
126
127 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
128 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
129
130 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
131 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
132 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
133 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
134 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
135 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
136 it is safe to continue.</para>
137
138 <para>Install the package:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
141
142 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
143 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
144 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
147
148 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
149 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
150
151<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
152
153 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
154 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
155 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
156
157 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
158 href="adjusting.xml"
159 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
160
161 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
162 href="adjusting.xml"
163 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
164
165 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
166 href="adjusting.xml"
167 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
168
169 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
170 href="adjusting.xml"
171 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
172
173 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
174 href="adjusting.xml"
175 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
176
177 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
178 href="adjusting.xml"
179 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
180
181<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
182/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
183/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
184
185 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
186 the difference usually being the name of the directory
187 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
188 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
189 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
190 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
191 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
192 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
193
194 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
195 href="adjusting.xml"
196 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
197
198<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
199
200 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
201 href="adjusting.xml"
202 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
203
204<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
205 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
206 /usr/local/include
207 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
208 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
209
210 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
211 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
212
213 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
214 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
215 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
216 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
217
218 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
219 href="adjusting.xml"
220 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
221
222 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
223 href="adjusting.xml"
224 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
225
226 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
227 href="adjusting.xml"
228 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
229
230<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
231SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
232SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
233SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
234SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
235SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
236SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
237SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
238
239 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
240 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
241
242<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
243SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
244SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
245SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
246SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
247SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
248SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
249SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
250
251 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
252 href="adjusting.xml"
253 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
254
255 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
256 href="adjusting.xml"
257 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
258
259 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
260 href="adjusting.xml"
261 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
262
263 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
264 href="adjusting.xml"
265 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
266
267 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
268 href="adjusting.xml"
269 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
270
271 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
272 href="adjusting.xml"
273 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
274
275 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
276 href="adjusting.xml"
277 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
278
279 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
280 href="adjusting.xml"
281 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
282
283 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
284 href="adjusting.xml"
285 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
286
287 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
288 href="adjusting.xml"
289 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
290
291 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
292 href="adjusting.xml"
293 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
294
295 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
296
297<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
298mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
299
300 </sect2>
301
302 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
303 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
304
305 <segmentedlist>
306 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
307 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
308 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
309
310 <seglistitem>
311 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
312 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
313
314 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
315 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
316 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
317 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
318 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
319
320 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc,
321 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
322 </seglistitem>
323 </segmentedlist>
324
325 <variablelist>
326 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
327 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
328 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
329
330 <varlistentry id="c">
331 <term><command>c++</command></term>
332 <listitem>
333 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
335 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="cc">
341 <term><command>cc</command></term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>The C compiler</para>
344 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
345 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
346 </indexterm>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349
350 <varlistentry id="cpp">
351 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
352 <listitem>
353 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
354 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
355 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
356 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
357 </indexterm>
358 </listitem>
359 </varlistentry>
360
361 <varlistentry id="g">
362 <term><command>g++</command></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
365 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
366 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
367 </indexterm>
368 </listitem>
369 </varlistentry>
370
371 <varlistentry id="gcc">
372 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
373 <listitem>
374 <para>The C compiler</para>
375 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
376 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
377 </indexterm>
378 </listitem>
379 </varlistentry>
380
381 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
382 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
383 <listitem>
384 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
385 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
386 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
387 default build options.</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
389 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
395 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
398 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
399 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
400 default build options.</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
402 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
408 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
411 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
412 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
413 default build options.</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
415 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="gcov">
421 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
424 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
426 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="libasan">
432 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
436 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
442 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
446 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
452 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
455 to enable profiling</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
457 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
463 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
466 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
468 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
474 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
477 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
478 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
479 <command>strtoul</command></para>
480 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
481 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
482 </indexterm>
483 </listitem>
484 </varlistentry>
485
486 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
487 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
488 <listitem>
489 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
490 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
492 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
498 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
501 functionality</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
503 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
509 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
513 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="libssp">
519 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
522 functionality</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
524 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
530 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
533 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
534 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
535 </indexterm>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
539 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
540 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
543 language</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
545 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
551 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
555 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 </variablelist>
561
562 </sect2>
563
564</sect1>
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