source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ 7a6bcf9

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Last change on this file since 7a6bcf9 was 7a6bcf9, checked in by Ken Moffat <ken@…>, 12 years ago

Correct how timezones are installed - this fixes various errors in test-suites. Thanks to Markku Pesonen for noting how Debian install timezones.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9944 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 37.5 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64<!--
65 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
66
67 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70 avoid the problem:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73-->
74
75 <para>Fix a bug that causes the build to fail:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
78
79<!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
80 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
81 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
82 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
83 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
84 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
87sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
88 scripts/test-installation.pl
89unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
90
91 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
92 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
93 our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
94 fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
99 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
100 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
101 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
102 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
107 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
110cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
113 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
114 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
117 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
118esac</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
123 --prefix=/usr \
124 --disable-profile \
125 --enable-add-ons \
126 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
127 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
128
129 <variablelist>
130 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
136 program from its default of <filename
137 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
138 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
139 </listitem>
140 </varlistentry>
141
142 </variablelist>
143
144 <para>Compile the package:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
147
148 <important>
149 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
150 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
151 </important>
152
153 <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
154 build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
155 results:</para>
156
157<screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
158make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
159grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
162 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
163 is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
164 common issues:</para>
165
166 <itemizedlist>
167 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
168 <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
170 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
171 </listitem> -->
172 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
173 <listitem>
174
175 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
176 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, and
177 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
178 tests have been known to fail. The
179 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
180 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
181
182 </listitem>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
185 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
186 authentic AMD processor.</para>
187 </listitem>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
190 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
191 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
192 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
193 </listitem>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
196 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
197 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
198 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
199 make -k check</command>).</para>
200 </listitem>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
203 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
204 </listitem>
205 </itemizedlist>
206
207 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
208 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
209 Prevent this warning with:</para>
210
211<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
212
213 <para>Install the package:</para>
214
215<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
218 default; these are required by several BLFS packages:</para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
221cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
222cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
223
224 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
225 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
226 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
227 skip important testcases.</para>
228
229 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
230 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
231 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
232 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
233 charset-independent locale definition with the
234 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
235 charmap definition and appends the result to the
236 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
237 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
238 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
239
240<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
241localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
242localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
243localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
244localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
245localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
246localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
247localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
248localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
249localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
250localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
251localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
252localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
253localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
254localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
255localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
256localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
257localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
258
259 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
260 character set.</para>
261
262 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
263 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
264 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
265 following time-consuming command:</para>
266
267<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
268
269 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
270 install locales not listed in the
271 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
272 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
273 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
274 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
275
276 </sect2>
277
278 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
279 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
280
281 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
282 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284
285 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
286 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288
289 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
290 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
291 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
292 also needs to be configured.</para>
293
294 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
295 following:</para>
296
297<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
298<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
299
300passwd: files
301group: files
302shadow: files
303
304hosts: files dns
305networks: files
306
307protocols: files
308services: files
309ethers: files
310rpc: files
311
312# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
313EOF</userinput></screen>
314
315 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
316<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
317
318mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right} &amp;&amp;
319for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
320 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
321 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
322 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
323 zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
324done
325cp -v zone.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo &amp;&amp;
326zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
327
328 <variablelist>
329 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
330
331 <varlistentry>
332 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
335 conventional to put these in both
336 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
337 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
338 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
339 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
340 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
341 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
342 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
343 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
344 results</para>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347 <varlistentry>
348 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
349 <listitem>
350 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
351 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
352 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
353 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
354 directory.</para>
355 </listitem>
356 </varlistentry>
357 <varlistentry>
358 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
359 <listitem>
360 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363 </variablelist>
364
365
366 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
367 script:</para>
368
369<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
370
371 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
372 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
373 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
374 timezones listed in <filename
375 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
376 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
377 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
378
379 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
380 running:</para>
381
382<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
383 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
384
385 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
386 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
387
388 <variablelist>
389 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
390
391 <varlistentry>
392 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
393 <listitem>
394 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
395 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
396 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
397 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
398 single user mode.</para>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 </variablelist>
403
404 </sect2>
405
406 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
407 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
408
409 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
410 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412
413 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
414 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
415 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
416 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
417 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
418 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
419 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
420 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
421 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
422 to contain additional libraries are <filename
423 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
424 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
425 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
426
427 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
428 following:</para>
429
430<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
431<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
432/usr/local/lib
433/opt/lib
434</literal>
435EOF</userinput></screen>
436
437 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
438 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
439 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
440 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
441
442<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
443<literal># Add an include directory
444include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
445</literal>
446EOF
447mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
448
449 </sect2>
450
451 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
452 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
453
454 <segmentedlist>
455 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
456 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
457 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
458
459 <seglistitem>
460 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
461 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
462 pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
463 zdump, and zic</seg>
464 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
465 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
466 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
467 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
468 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
469 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
470 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
471 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
472 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
473 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
474 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
475 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
476 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
477 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
478 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
479 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
480 </seglistitem>
481 </segmentedlist>
482
483 <variablelist>
484 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
485 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
486 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
487
488 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
489 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
492 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
494 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="gencat">
500 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
504 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="getconf">
510 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
513 specific variables</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
515 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="getent">
521 <term><command>getent</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
525 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="iconv">
531 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
535 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
541 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
544 files</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
546 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
552 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
556 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="ldd">
562 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
565 by each given program or shared library</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
567 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
573 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
577 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="locale">
583 <term><command>locale</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
587 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="localedef">
593 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
597 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
603 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
606 in human-readable format</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
608 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="nscd">
614 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
617 service requests</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
619 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
625 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
629 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
635 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
638 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
640 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
646 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
649 protocol</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
651 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="sln">
657 <term><command>sln</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
661 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
666 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
667 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
671 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="sprof">
677 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
681 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
687 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
690 the corresponding time zone description</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
692 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
698 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
701 executed function</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
703 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="zdump">
709 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
713 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="zic">
719 <term><command>zic</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
723 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
729 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
733 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
739 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
742 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
743 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
744 for more information</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
746 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
752 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
755 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
757 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="libanl">
763 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
767 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
773 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
776 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
777 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
778 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
779 </indexterm>
780 </listitem>
781 </varlistentry>
782
783 <varlistentry id="libc">
784 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
785 <listitem>
786 <para>The main C library</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
788 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
794 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
797 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
799 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
805 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>The cryptography library</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
809 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="libdl">
815 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
819 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="libg">
825 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
828 library for <command>g++</command></para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
830 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="libieee">
836 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
839 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
840 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
842 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
843 </indexterm>
844 </listitem>
845 </varlistentry>
846
847 <varlistentry id="libm">
848 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
849 <listitem>
850 <para>The mathematical library</para>
851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
852 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
853 </indexterm>
854 </listitem>
855 </varlistentry>
856
857 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
858 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
859 <listitem>
860 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
862 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
868 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
871 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
873 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
879 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>The network services library</para>
882 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
883 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
884 </indexterm>
885 </listitem>
886 </varlistentry>
887
888 <varlistentry id="libnss">
889 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
890 <listitem>
891 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
892 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
893 protocols, etc.</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
895 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
901 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
904 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
906 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
912 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
916 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
922 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
925 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
927 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
933 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
937 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="librt">
943 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
946 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
948 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
954 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
957 multi-threaded programs</para>
958 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
959 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
960 </indexterm>
961 </listitem>
962 </varlistentry>
963
964 <varlistentry id="libutil">
965 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
966 <listitem>
967 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
968 many different Unix utilities</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
970 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 </variablelist>
976
977 </sect2>
978
979</sect1>
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