source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ f0f7ea0

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Last change on this file since f0f7ea0 was f0f7ea0, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 12 years ago

Upgrade to coreutils-8.19.
Upgrade to grep-2.14.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9945 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64<!--
65 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
66
67 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70 avoid the problem:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73-->
74
75 <para>Fix a bug that causes the build to fail:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
78
79<!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
80 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
81 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
82 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
83 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
84 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
87sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
88 scripts/test-installation.pl
89unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
90
91 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
92 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
93 our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
94 fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
99 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
100 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
101 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
102 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
107 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
110cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
113 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
114 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
117 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
118esac</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
123 --prefix=/usr \
124 --disable-profile \
125 --enable-add-ons \
126 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
127 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
128
129 <variablelist>
130 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
136 program from its default of <filename
137 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
138 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
139 </listitem>
140 </varlistentry>
141
142 </variablelist>
143
144 <para>Compile the package:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
147
148 <important>
149 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
150 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
151 </important>
152
153 <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
154 build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
155 results:</para>
156
157<screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
158make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
159grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
162 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
163 is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
164 common issues:</para>
165
166 <itemizedlist>
167 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
168 <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
170 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
171 </listitem> -->
172 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
173 <listitem>
174
175 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
176 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, and
177 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
178 tests have been known to fail. The
179 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
180 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
181
182 </listitem>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
185 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
186 authentic AMD processor.</para>
187 </listitem>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
190 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
191 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
192 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
193 </listitem>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
196 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
197 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
198 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
199 make -k check</command>).</para>
200 </listitem>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
203 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
204 </listitem>
205 </itemizedlist>
206
207 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
208 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
209 Prevent this warning with:</para>
210
211<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
212
213 <para>Install the package:</para>
214
215<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
218 default; these are required by several BLFS packages:</para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
221cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
222cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
223
224 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
225 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
226 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
227 skip important testcases.</para>
228
229 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
230 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
231 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
232 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
233 charset-independent locale definition with the
234 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
235 charmap definition and appends the result to the
236 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
237 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
238 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
239
240<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
241localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
242localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
243localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
244localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
245localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
246localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
247localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
248localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
249localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
250localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
251localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
252localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
253localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
254localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
255localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
256localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
257localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
258
259 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
260 character set.</para>
261
262 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
263 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
264 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
265 following time-consuming command:</para>
266
267<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
268
269 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
270 install locales not listed in the
271 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
272 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
273 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
274 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
275
276 </sect2>
277
278 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
279 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
280
281 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
282 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284
285 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
286 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288
289 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
290 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
291 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
292 also needs to be configured.</para>
293
294 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
295 following:</para>
296
297<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
298<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
299
300passwd: files
301group: files
302shadow: files
303
304hosts: files dns
305networks: files
306
307protocols: files
308services: files
309ethers: files
310rpc: files
311
312# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
313EOF</userinput></screen>
314
315 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
316<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
317
318mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right} &amp;&amp;
319
320for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
321 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
322 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
323 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
324 zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
325done
326
327cp -v zone.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo &amp;&amp;
328zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
329
330 <variablelist>
331 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
332
333 <varlistentry>
334 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
337 conventional to put these in both
338 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
339 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
340 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
341 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
342 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
343 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
344 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
345 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
346 results</para>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349 <varlistentry>
350 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
353 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
354 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
355 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
356 directory.</para>
357 </listitem>
358 </varlistentry>
359 <varlistentry>
360 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365 </variablelist>
366
367
368 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
369 script:</para>
370
371<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
372
373 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
374 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
375 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
376 timezones listed in <filename
377 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
378 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
379 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
380
381 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
382 running:</para>
383
384<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
385 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
386
387 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
388 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
389
390 <variablelist>
391 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
392
393 <varlistentry>
394 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
397 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
398 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
399 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
400 single user mode.</para>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 </variablelist>
405
406 </sect2>
407
408 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
409 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
410
411 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
412 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414
415 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
416 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
417 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
418 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
419 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
420 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
421 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
422 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
423 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
424 to contain additional libraries are <filename
425 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
426 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
427 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
428
429 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
430 following:</para>
431
432<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
433<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
434/usr/local/lib
435/opt/lib
436</literal>
437EOF</userinput></screen>
438
439 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
440 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
441 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
442 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
443
444<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
445<literal># Add an include directory
446include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
447</literal>
448EOF
449mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
450
451 </sect2>
452
453 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
454 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
455
456 <segmentedlist>
457 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
458 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
459 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
460
461 <seglistitem>
462 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
463 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
464 pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
465 zdump, and zic</seg>
466 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
467 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
468 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
469 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
470 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
471 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
472 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
473 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
474 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
475 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
476 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
477 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
478 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
479 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
480 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
481 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
482 </seglistitem>
483 </segmentedlist>
484
485 <variablelist>
486 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
487 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
488 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
489
490 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
491 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
494 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
496 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="gencat">
502 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
506 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="getconf">
512 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
515 specific variables</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
517 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="getent">
523 <term><command>getent</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
527 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="iconv">
533 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
537 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
543 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
546 files</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
548 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
554 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
558 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="ldd">
564 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
567 by each given program or shared library</para>
568 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
569 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
570 </indexterm>
571 </listitem>
572 </varlistentry>
573
574 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
575 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
576 <listitem>
577 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
578 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
579 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
580 </indexterm>
581 </listitem>
582 </varlistentry>
583
584 <varlistentry id="locale">
585 <term><command>locale</command></term>
586 <listitem>
587 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
589 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="localedef">
595 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
599 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
605 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
608 in human-readable format</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
610 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="nscd">
616 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
619 service requests</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
621 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
627 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
630 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
631 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
632 </indexterm>
633 </listitem>
634 </varlistentry>
635
636 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
637 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
638 <listitem>
639 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
640 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
642 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
648 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
651 protocol</para>
652 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
653 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
654 </indexterm>
655 </listitem>
656 </varlistentry>
657
658 <varlistentry id="sln">
659 <term><command>sln</command></term>
660 <listitem>
661 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
663 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
669 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
673 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="sprof">
679 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
683 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
689 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
692 the corresponding time zone description</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
694 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
700 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
703 executed function</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
705 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="zdump">
711 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
715 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="zic">
721 <term><command>zic</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
725 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
731 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
734 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
735 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
736 </indexterm>
737 </listitem>
738 </varlistentry>
739
740 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
741 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
742 <listitem>
743 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
744 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
745 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
746 for more information</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
748 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
754 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
757 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
759 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="libanl">
765 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
769 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
775 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
778 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
780 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="libc">
786 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>The main C library</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
790 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
796 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
799 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
800 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
801 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
802 </indexterm>
803 </listitem>
804 </varlistentry>
805
806 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
807 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
808 <listitem>
809 <para>The cryptography library</para>
810 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
811 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
812 </indexterm>
813 </listitem>
814 </varlistentry>
815
816 <varlistentry id="libdl">
817 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
818 <listitem>
819 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
820 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
821 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
822 </indexterm>
823 </listitem>
824 </varlistentry>
825
826 <varlistentry id="libg">
827 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
828 <listitem>
829 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
830 library for <command>g++</command></para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
832 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="libieee">
838 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
841 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
842 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
844 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="libm">
850 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>The mathematical library</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
854 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
860 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
864 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
870 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
873 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
875 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
881 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>The network services library</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
885 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="libnss">
891 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
894 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
895 protocols, etc.</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
897 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
903 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
906 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
908 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
914 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
918 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
924 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
927 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
929 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
935 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
939 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="librt">
945 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
948 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
950 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
956 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
959 multi-threaded programs</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
961 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="libutil">
967 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
970 many different Unix utilities</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
972 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 </variablelist>
978
979 </sect2>
980
981</sect1>
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