[519ee45] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
|
---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
---|
| 6 | ]>
|
---|
| 7 |
|
---|
| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
|
---|
| 10 |
|
---|
| 11 | <title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
---|
| 12 |
|
---|
| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
|
---|
| 15 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 16 |
|
---|
| 17 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 18 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
---|
| 19 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
---|
| 20 |
|
---|
| 21 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 22 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
---|
| 23 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
---|
| 24 |
|
---|
| 25 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
|
---|
| 26 | fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
|
---|
| 27 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
|
---|
| 28 |
|
---|
| 29 | <screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
|
---|
| 30 |
|
---|
| 31 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
|
---|
| 32 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
|
---|
| 33 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
|
---|
| 34 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
|
---|
| 35 | are:</para>
|
---|
| 36 |
|
---|
| 37 | <screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
|
---|
| 38 | 10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
|
---|
| 39 | 172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
|
---|
| 40 | 192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
|
---|
| 41 |
|
---|
| 42 | <para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
|
---|
| 43 | the range 0-255.</para>
|
---|
| 44 |
|
---|
| 45 | <para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
|
---|
| 46 | IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
|
---|
| 47 |
|
---|
| 48 | <para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
|
---|
| 49 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
---|
| 50 |
|
---|
| 51 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
---|
| 52 |
|
---|
| 53 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
---|
| 54 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
|
---|
| 55 |
|
---|
| 56 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
|
---|
| 57 | <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
|
---|
| 58 |
|
---|
| 59 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
|
---|
| 60 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 61 |
|
---|
| 62 | <para>The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> and
|
---|
| 63 | <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>
|
---|
| 64 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if
|
---|
| 65 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
|
---|
| 66 | machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
|
---|
| 67 | name(s) can be omitted.</para>
|
---|
| 68 |
|
---|
| 69 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
|
---|
| 70 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
---|
| 71 |
|
---|
| 72 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
---|
| 73 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
|
---|
| 74 |
|
---|
| 75 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
|
---|
| 76 |
|
---|
| 77 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
|
---|
| 78 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 79 |
|
---|
| 80 | </sect1>
|
---|