source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 74af59d

11.3 11.3-rc1 12.0 12.0-rc1 12.1 12.1-rc1 bdubbs/gcc13 multilib renodr/libudev-from-systemd trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.0 xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since 74af59d was f405318, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 15 months ago

glibc: Note the sed for printf is a security fix

And add a comment about the difference from upstream commit.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 36.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52
53 <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30068
54 Upstream fix also added a test case and renamed "prec" to
55 "prec_inc". We'll test this with MPFR test suite so we don't
56 need the test here, and the renaming does not affect program
57 behavior. -->
58 <para>Fix a security issue identified upstream:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/width -=/s/workend - string/number_length/' \
61 -i stdio-common/vfprintf-process-arg.c</userinput></screen>
62
63 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
64 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
67cd build</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
70 utilities will be installed into
71 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
78 --disable-werror \
79 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
80 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
81 --with-headers=/usr/include \
82 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
83
84 <variablelist>
85 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
86
87 <varlistentry>
88 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
89 <listitem>
90 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
91 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
92 </listitem>
93 </varlistentry>
94
95 <varlistentry>
96 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
97 <listitem>
98 <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
99 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
100 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
101 cannot be used.</para>
102 </listitem>
103 </varlistentry>
104
105 <varlistentry>
106 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
107 <listitem>
108 <para>This option increases system security by adding
109 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
110 smashing attacks.</para>
111 </listitem>
112 </varlistentry>
113<!-- do we need this one? -->
114 <varlistentry>
115 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
118 kernel API headers.</para>
119 </listitem>
120 </varlistentry>
121
122 <varlistentry>
123 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
124 <listitem>
125 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
126 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
127 </listitem>
128 </varlistentry>
129
130 </variablelist>
131
132 <para>Compile the package:</para>
133
134<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
135
136 <important>
137 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
138 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
139 </important>
140
141 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
142 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
143
144<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
145<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
146 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
147 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
148esac</userinput></screen>
149
150 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
151 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
152 in the install phase below.</para></note>
153-->
154<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
155
156 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
157 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
158 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
159 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
160
161 <itemizedlist>
162
163 <listitem>
164 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
165 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
166 </listitem>
167
168 <listitem>
169 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
170 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
171 </listitem>
172
173 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
174 <listitem>
175 <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
176 test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
177 </listitem>
178
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Some tests, for example
181 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
182 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
183 timeout.</para>
184 </listitem>
185
186<!--
187 <listitem>
188 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
189 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
190 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
191 cause these tests to fail.
192 </para>
193 </listitem>
194
195 <listitem>
196 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
197 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
198 AMD processor.</para>
199 </listitem>
200-->
201 </itemizedlist>
202
203 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
204 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
205 Prevent this warning with:</para>
206
207<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
208
209 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
210 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
211 </para>
212
213<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
214
215 <para>Install the package:</para>
216
217<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
218
219 <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
220 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
221
222<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
223
224 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
225 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
226
227<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
228mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
229
230 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
231 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
232
233 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
234install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
235
236 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
237 different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
238 are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
239 test cases.</para>
240
241 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
242 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
243 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
244 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
245 charset-independent locale definition with the
246 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
247 charmap definition and appends the result to the
248 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
249 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
250 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
251
252<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
253localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
254localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
255localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
256localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
257localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
258localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
259localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
260localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
261localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
262localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
263localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
264localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
265localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
266localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
267localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
268localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
269localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
270localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
271localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
272localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
273localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
274localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
275localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
276localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
277localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
278localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
279localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
280localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
281localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
282localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
283localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
284localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
285localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
286localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
287localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
288
289 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
290 character set.</para>
291
292 <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
293 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
294 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
295 following time-consuming command:</para>
296
297<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
298
299 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
300 install locales not listed in the
301 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
302 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
303 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
304
305<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
306localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
307
308 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
309 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
310 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
311 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
312 </para></note>
313
314 </sect2>
315
316 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
317 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
318
319 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
320 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322
323 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
324 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326
327 <sect3>
328 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
329
330 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
331 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
332 </para>
333
334 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
335 following:</para>
336
337<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
338<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
339
340passwd: files
341group: files
342shadow: files
343
344hosts: files dns
345networks: files
346
347protocols: files
348services: files
349ethers: files
350rpc: files
351
352# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
353EOF</userinput></screen>
354
355 </sect3>
356
357 <sect3>
358 <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
359
360 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
361<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
362
363ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
364mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
365
366for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
367 asia australasia backward; do
368 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
369 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
370 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
371done
372
373cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
374zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
375unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
376
377 <variablelist>
378 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
379
380 <varlistentry>
381 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
384 conventional to put these in both
385 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
386 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
387 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
388 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
389 test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
390 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
391 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
392 directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some
393 failures.</para>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396 <varlistentry>
397 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
400 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
401 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
402 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
403 directory.</para>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406 <varlistentry>
407 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
410 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
411 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414 </variablelist>
415
416
417 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
418 script:</para>
419
420<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
421
422 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
423 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
424 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
425 time zones listed in <filename
426 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
427 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
428 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
429
430 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
431 running:</para>
432
433<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
434
435 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
436 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
437
438 </sect3>
439
440 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
441 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
442
443 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
444 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446
447 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
448 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
449 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
450 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
451 libraries in directories other than
452 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
453 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
454 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
455 to contain additional libraries are <filename
456 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
457 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
458 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
459
460 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
461 following:</para>
462
463<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
464<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
465/usr/local/lib
466/opt/lib
467</literal>
468EOF</userinput></screen>
469
470 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
471 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
472 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
473 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
474
475<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
476<literal># Add an include directory
477include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
478</literal>
479EOF
480mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
481
482 </sect3>
483 </sect2>
484
485 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
486 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
487
488 <segmentedlist>
489 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
490 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
491 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
492
493 <seglistitem>
494 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
495 ldd, lddlibc4,
496 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
497 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
498 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
499 zdump, and zic</seg>
500 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
501 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
502 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
503 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
504 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
505 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
506 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
507 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
508 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
509 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
510 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
511 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
512 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
513 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
514 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
515 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
516 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
517 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
518 </seglistitem>
519 </segmentedlist>
520
521 <variablelist>
522 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
523 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
524 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
525
526 <varlistentry id="gencat">
527 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
528 <listitem>
529 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
531 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="getconf">
537 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
540 specific variables</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
542 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="getent">
548 <term><command>getent</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
552 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="iconv">
558 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
562 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
568 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
571 files</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
573 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
579 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
583 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="ldd">
589 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
592 by each given program or shared library</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
594 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
600 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
603 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
605 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="locale">
611 <term><command>locale</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
615 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="localedef">
621 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
625 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="makedb">
631 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
635 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
641 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
644 in human-readable format</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
646 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="nscd">
652 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
655 service requests</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
657 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
663 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
667 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="pldd">
673 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
677 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="sln">
683 <term><command>sln</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
687 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
693 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
696 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
697 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
698 </indexterm>
699 </listitem>
700 </varlistentry>
701
702 <varlistentry id="sprof">
703 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
704 <listitem>
705 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
707 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
713 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
716 the corresponding time zone description</para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
718 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
724 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
727 executed function</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
729 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="zdump">
735 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
739 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="zic">
745 <term><command>zic</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
748 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
749 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
750 </indexterm>
751 </listitem>
752 </varlistentry>
753
754 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
755 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
756 <listitem>
757 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
759 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
765 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
768 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
769 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
770 for more information</para>
771 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
772 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
773 </indexterm>
774 </listitem>
775 </varlistentry>
776
777 <varlistentry id="libanl">
778 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
779 <listitem>
780 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
782 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="libc">
788 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>The main C library</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
792 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
798 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
802 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
808 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>The cryptography library</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
812 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="libdl">
818 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
821 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
822 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
824 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="libg">
830 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
833 library for <command>g++</command></para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
835 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="libm">
841 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>The mathematical library</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
845 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
851 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
854 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
856 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
862 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
866 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
872 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
875 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
877 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
883 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
887 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="libnss">
893 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
896 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
897 protocols, etc. Loaded by
898 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
899 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
901 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
907 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
911 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
917 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
920 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
921 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
922 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
924 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
930 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
933 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
935 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="librt">
941 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
944 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
946 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
952 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
955 multi-threaded programs</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
957 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="libutil">
963 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
966 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
967 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
968 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
970 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 </variablelist>
976
977 </sect2>
978
979</sect1>
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