1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>glibc</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&glibc-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
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27 | the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
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28 | closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
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29 | arithmetic, and so on.</para>
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30 |
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31 | <segmentedlist>
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32 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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33 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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34 |
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35 | <seglistitem>
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36 | <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
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37 | <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
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38 | </seglistitem>
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39 | </segmentedlist>
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40 |
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41 | </sect2>
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42 |
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43 | <sect2 role="installation">
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44 | <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
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45 |
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46 | <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
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47 | <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
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48 | their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
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49 | store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
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50 |
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51 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
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52 |
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53 | <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30068
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54 | Upstream fix also added a test case and renamed "prec" to
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55 | "prec_inc". We'll test this with MPFR test suite so we don't
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56 | need the test here, and the renaming does not affect program
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57 | behavior. -->
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58 | <para>Fix a security issue identified upstream:</para>
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59 |
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60 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/width -=/s/workend - string/number_length/' \
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61 | -i stdio-common/vfprintf-process-arg.c</userinput></screen>
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62 |
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63 | <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
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64 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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65 |
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66 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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67 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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68 |
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69 | <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
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70 | utilities will be installed into
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71 | <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
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72 |
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73 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms</userinput></screen>
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74 |
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75 | <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
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76 |
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77 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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78 | --disable-werror \
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79 | --enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version; \
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80 | --enable-stack-protector=strong \
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81 | --with-headers=/usr/include \
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82 | libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
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83 |
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84 | <variablelist>
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85 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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86 |
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87 | <varlistentry>
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88 | <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
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89 | <listitem>
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90 | <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
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91 | GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
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92 | </listitem>
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93 | </varlistentry>
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94 |
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95 | <varlistentry>
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96 | <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;</parameter></term>
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97 | <listitem>
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98 | <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
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99 | be used with kernels as old as
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100 | &linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;. This means generating
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101 | workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
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102 | cannot be used.</para>
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103 | </listitem>
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104 | </varlistentry>
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105 |
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106 | <varlistentry>
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107 | <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
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108 | <listitem>
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109 | <para>This option increases system security by adding
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110 | extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
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111 | smashing attacks.</para>
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112 | </listitem>
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113 | </varlistentry>
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114 | <!-- do we need this one? -->
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115 | <varlistentry>
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116 | <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
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117 | <listitem>
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118 | <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
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119 | kernel API headers.</para>
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120 | </listitem>
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121 | </varlistentry>
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122 |
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123 | <varlistentry>
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124 | <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
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125 | <listitem>
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126 | <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
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127 | systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
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128 | </listitem>
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129 | </varlistentry>
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130 |
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131 | </variablelist>
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132 |
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133 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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134 |
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135 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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136 |
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137 | <important>
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138 | <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
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139 | Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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140 | </important>
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141 |
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142 | <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
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143 | are usually safe to ignore.</para>
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144 |
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145 | <!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
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146 | <!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
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147 | i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
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148 | x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
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149 | esac</userinput></screen>
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150 |
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151 | <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
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152 | stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
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153 | in the install phase below.</para></note>
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154 | -->
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155 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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156 |
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157 | <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
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158 | somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
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159 | over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
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160 | most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
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161 |
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162 | <itemizedlist>
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163 |
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164 | <listitem>
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165 | <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
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166 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
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167 | </listitem>
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168 |
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169 | <listitem>
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170 | <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
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171 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
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172 | </listitem>
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173 |
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174 | <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
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175 | <listitem>
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176 | <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
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177 | test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
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178 | </listitem>
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179 |
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180 | <listitem>
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181 | <para>Some tests, for example
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182 | <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
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183 | are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
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184 | timeout.</para>
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185 | </listitem>
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186 |
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187 | <listitem>
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188 | <para>Additionally, some tests may fail with a relatively old CPU
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189 | model or host kernel version.</para>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | </itemizedlist>
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192 |
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193 | <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
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194 | complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
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195 | Prevent this warning with:</para>
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196 |
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197 | <screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
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198 |
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199 | <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21911 -->
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200 | <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an outdated sanity check
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201 | that fails with a modern Glibc configuration:</para>
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202 |
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203 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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206 |
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207 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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208 |
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209 | <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
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210 | <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
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211 |
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212 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
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213 |
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214 | <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
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215 | <command>nscd</command>:</para>
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216 |
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217 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
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218 | mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
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221 | <command>nscd</command>:</para>
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222 |
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223 | <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
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224 | install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
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225 |
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226 | <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
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227 | different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
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228 | are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
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229 | test cases.</para>
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230 |
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231 | <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
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232 | <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
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233 | <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
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234 | <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
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235 | charset-independent locale definition with the
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236 | <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
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237 | charmap definition and appends the result to the
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238 | <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
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239 | The following instructions will install the minimum set of
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240 | locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
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241 |
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242 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
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243 | localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
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244 | localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
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245 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
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246 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
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247 | localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
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248 | localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
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249 | localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
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250 | localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
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251 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
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252 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
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253 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
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254 | localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
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255 | localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
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256 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
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257 | localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
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258 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
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259 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
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260 | localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
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261 | localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
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262 | localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
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263 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
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264 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
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265 | localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
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266 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
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267 | localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
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268 | localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
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269 | localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
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270 | localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
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271 | localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
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272 | localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
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273 | localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
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274 | localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
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275 | localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
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276 | localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
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277 | localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
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278 |
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279 | <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
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280 | character set.</para>
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281 |
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282 | <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
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283 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
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284 | (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
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285 | following time-consuming command:</para>
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286 |
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287 | <screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
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288 |
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289 | <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
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290 | install locales not listed in the
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291 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
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292 | when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
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293 | needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
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294 |
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295 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
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296 | localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
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297 |
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298 | <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
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299 | domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
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300 | is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
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301 | <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
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302 | </para></note>
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303 |
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304 | </sect2>
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305 |
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306 | <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
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307 | <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
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308 |
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309 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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310 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
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311 | </indexterm>
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312 |
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313 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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314 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
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315 | </indexterm>
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316 |
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317 | <sect3>
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318 | <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
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319 |
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320 | <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
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321 | because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
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322 | </para>
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323 |
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324 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
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325 | following:</para>
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326 |
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327 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
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328 | <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
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329 |
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330 | passwd: files
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331 | group: files
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332 | shadow: files
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333 |
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334 | hosts: files dns
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335 | networks: files
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336 |
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337 | protocols: files
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338 | services: files
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339 | ethers: files
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340 | rpc: files
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341 |
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342 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
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343 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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344 |
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345 | </sect3>
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346 |
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347 | <sect3>
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348 | <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
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349 |
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350 | <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
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351 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
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352 |
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353 | ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
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354 | mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
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355 |
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356 | for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
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357 | asia australasia backward; do
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358 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
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359 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
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360 | zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
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361 | done
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362 |
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363 | cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
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364 | zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
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365 | unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
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366 |
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367 | <variablelist>
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368 | <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
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369 |
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370 | <varlistentry>
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371 | <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
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372 | <listitem>
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373 | <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
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374 | conventional to put these in both
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375 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
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376 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
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377 | necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
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378 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
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379 | test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
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380 | tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
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381 | 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
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382 | directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some
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383 | failures.</para>
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384 | </listitem>
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385 | </varlistentry>
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386 | <varlistentry>
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387 | <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
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388 | <listitem>
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389 | <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
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390 | embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
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391 | ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
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392 | save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
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393 | directory.</para>
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394 | </listitem>
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395 | </varlistentry>
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396 | <varlistentry>
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397 | <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
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398 | <listitem>
|
---|
399 | <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
|
---|
400 | New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
|
---|
401 | to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
|
---|
402 | </listitem>
|
---|
403 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
404 | </variablelist>
|
---|
405 |
|
---|
406 |
|
---|
407 | <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
|
---|
408 | script:</para>
|
---|
409 |
|
---|
410 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
|
---|
411 |
|
---|
412 | <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
|
---|
413 | output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
|
---|
414 | <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
|
---|
415 | time zones listed in <filename
|
---|
416 | class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
|
---|
417 | <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
|
---|
418 | are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
|
---|
419 |
|
---|
420 | <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
|
---|
421 | running:</para>
|
---|
422 |
|
---|
423 | <screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
|
---|
424 |
|
---|
425 | <para>Replace <replaceable><xxx></replaceable> with the name of the
|
---|
426 | time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
|
---|
427 |
|
---|
428 | </sect3>
|
---|
429 |
|
---|
430 | <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
|
---|
431 | <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
|
---|
432 |
|
---|
433 | <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
|
---|
434 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
|
---|
435 | </indexterm>
|
---|
436 |
|
---|
437 | <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
|
---|
438 | class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
|
---|
439 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
|
---|
440 | that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
|
---|
441 | libraries in directories other than
|
---|
442 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
|
---|
443 | to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
|
---|
444 | dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
|
---|
445 | to contain additional libraries are <filename
|
---|
446 | class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
|
---|
447 | class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
|
---|
448 | dynamic loader's search path.</para>
|
---|
449 |
|
---|
450 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
|
---|
451 | following:</para>
|
---|
452 |
|
---|
453 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
454 | <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
|
---|
455 | /usr/local/lib
|
---|
456 | /opt/lib
|
---|
457 | </literal>
|
---|
458 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
459 |
|
---|
460 | <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
|
---|
461 | include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
|
---|
462 | this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
|
---|
463 | To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
466 | <literal># Add an include directory
|
---|
467 | include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
|
---|
468 | </literal>
|
---|
469 | EOF
|
---|
470 | mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
|
---|
471 |
|
---|
472 | </sect3>
|
---|
473 | </sect2>
|
---|
474 |
|
---|
475 | <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
|
---|
476 | <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
|
---|
477 |
|
---|
478 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
479 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
---|
480 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
481 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
|
---|
482 |
|
---|
483 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
484 | <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
|
---|
485 | ldd, lddlibc4,
|
---|
486 | ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
|
---|
487 | locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
|
---|
488 | pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
|
---|
489 | zdump, and zic</seg>
|
---|
490 | <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
|
---|
491 | libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
|
---|
492 | libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
|
---|
493 | libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
|
---|
494 | libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
|
---|
495 | libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
|
---|
496 | libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
|
---|
497 | libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
|
---|
498 | libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
|
---|
499 | <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
|
---|
500 | /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
|
---|
501 | /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
|
---|
502 | /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
|
---|
503 | /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
|
---|
504 | /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
|
---|
505 | /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
|
---|
506 | /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
|
---|
507 | /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
|
---|
508 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
509 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | <variablelist>
|
---|
512 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
513 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
514 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
515 |
|
---|
516 | <varlistentry id="gencat">
|
---|
517 | <term><command>gencat</command></term>
|
---|
518 | <listitem>
|
---|
519 | <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
|
---|
520 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
|
---|
521 | <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
|
---|
522 | </indexterm>
|
---|
523 | </listitem>
|
---|
524 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
525 |
|
---|
526 | <varlistentry id="getconf">
|
---|
527 | <term><command>getconf</command></term>
|
---|
528 | <listitem>
|
---|
529 | <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
|
---|
530 | specific variables</para>
|
---|
531 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
|
---|
532 | <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
|
---|
533 | </indexterm>
|
---|
534 | </listitem>
|
---|
535 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | <varlistentry id="getent">
|
---|
538 | <term><command>getent</command></term>
|
---|
539 | <listitem>
|
---|
540 | <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
|
---|
541 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
|
---|
542 | <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
|
---|
543 | </indexterm>
|
---|
544 | </listitem>
|
---|
545 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
546 |
|
---|
547 | <varlistentry id="iconv">
|
---|
548 | <term><command>iconv</command></term>
|
---|
549 | <listitem>
|
---|
550 | <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
|
---|
551 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
|
---|
552 | <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
|
---|
553 | </indexterm>
|
---|
554 | </listitem>
|
---|
555 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
|
---|
558 | <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
|
---|
559 | <listitem>
|
---|
560 | <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
|
---|
561 | files</para>
|
---|
562 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
|
---|
563 | <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
|
---|
564 | </indexterm>
|
---|
565 | </listitem>
|
---|
566 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
567 |
|
---|
568 | <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
|
---|
569 | <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
|
---|
570 | <listitem>
|
---|
571 | <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
|
---|
572 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
|
---|
573 | <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
|
---|
574 | </indexterm>
|
---|
575 | </listitem>
|
---|
576 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | <varlistentry id="ldd">
|
---|
579 | <term><command>ldd</command></term>
|
---|
580 | <listitem>
|
---|
581 | <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
|
---|
582 | by each given program or shared library</para>
|
---|
583 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
|
---|
584 | <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
|
---|
585 | </indexterm>
|
---|
586 | </listitem>
|
---|
587 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
|
---|
590 | <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
|
---|
591 | <listitem>
|
---|
592 | <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
|
---|
593 | It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
|
---|
594 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
|
---|
595 | <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
|
---|
596 | </indexterm>
|
---|
597 | </listitem>
|
---|
598 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | <varlistentry id="locale">
|
---|
601 | <term><command>locale</command></term>
|
---|
602 | <listitem>
|
---|
603 | <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
|
---|
604 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
|
---|
605 | <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
|
---|
606 | </indexterm>
|
---|
607 | </listitem>
|
---|
608 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | <varlistentry id="localedef">
|
---|
611 | <term><command>localedef</command></term>
|
---|
612 | <listitem>
|
---|
613 | <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
|
---|
614 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
|
---|
615 | <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
|
---|
616 | </indexterm>
|
---|
617 | </listitem>
|
---|
618 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
619 |
|
---|
620 | <varlistentry id="makedb">
|
---|
621 | <term><command>makedb</command></term>
|
---|
622 | <listitem>
|
---|
623 | <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
|
---|
624 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
|
---|
625 | <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
|
---|
626 | </indexterm>
|
---|
627 | </listitem>
|
---|
628 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
629 |
|
---|
630 | <varlistentry id="mtrace">
|
---|
631 | <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
|
---|
632 | <listitem>
|
---|
633 | <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
|
---|
634 | in human-readable format</para>
|
---|
635 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
|
---|
636 | <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
|
---|
637 | </indexterm>
|
---|
638 | </listitem>
|
---|
639 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
640 |
|
---|
641 | <varlistentry id="nscd">
|
---|
642 | <term><command>nscd</command></term>
|
---|
643 | <listitem>
|
---|
644 | <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
|
---|
645 | service requests</para>
|
---|
646 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
|
---|
647 | <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
|
---|
648 | </indexterm>
|
---|
649 | </listitem>
|
---|
650 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
651 |
|
---|
652 | <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
|
---|
653 | <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
|
---|
654 | <listitem>
|
---|
655 | <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
|
---|
656 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
|
---|
657 | <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
|
---|
658 | </indexterm>
|
---|
659 | </listitem>
|
---|
660 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
661 |
|
---|
662 | <varlistentry id="pldd">
|
---|
663 | <term><command>pldd</command></term>
|
---|
664 | <listitem>
|
---|
665 | <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
|
---|
666 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
|
---|
667 | <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
|
---|
668 | </indexterm>
|
---|
669 | </listitem>
|
---|
670 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 | <varlistentry id="sln">
|
---|
673 | <term><command>sln</command></term>
|
---|
674 | <listitem>
|
---|
675 | <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
|
---|
676 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
|
---|
677 | <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
|
---|
678 | </indexterm>
|
---|
679 | </listitem>
|
---|
680 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
681 |
|
---|
682 | <varlistentry id="sotruss">
|
---|
683 | <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
|
---|
684 | <listitem>
|
---|
685 | <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
|
---|
686 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
|
---|
687 | <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
|
---|
688 | </indexterm>
|
---|
689 | </listitem>
|
---|
690 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
691 |
|
---|
692 | <varlistentry id="sprof">
|
---|
693 | <term><command>sprof</command></term>
|
---|
694 | <listitem>
|
---|
695 | <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
|
---|
696 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
|
---|
697 | <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
|
---|
698 | </indexterm>
|
---|
699 | </listitem>
|
---|
700 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
701 |
|
---|
702 | <varlistentry id="tzselect">
|
---|
703 | <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
|
---|
704 | <listitem>
|
---|
705 | <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
|
---|
706 | the corresponding time zone description</para>
|
---|
707 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
|
---|
708 | <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
|
---|
709 | </indexterm>
|
---|
710 | </listitem>
|
---|
711 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
712 |
|
---|
713 | <varlistentry id="xtrace">
|
---|
714 | <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
|
---|
715 | <listitem>
|
---|
716 | <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
|
---|
717 | executed function</para>
|
---|
718 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
|
---|
719 | <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
|
---|
720 | </indexterm>
|
---|
721 | </listitem>
|
---|
722 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
723 |
|
---|
724 | <varlistentry id="zdump">
|
---|
725 | <term><command>zdump</command></term>
|
---|
726 | <listitem>
|
---|
727 | <para>The time zone dumper</para>
|
---|
728 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
|
---|
729 | <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
|
---|
730 | </indexterm>
|
---|
731 | </listitem>
|
---|
732 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
733 |
|
---|
734 | <varlistentry id="zic">
|
---|
735 | <term><command>zic</command></term>
|
---|
736 | <listitem>
|
---|
737 | <para>The time zone compiler</para>
|
---|
738 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
|
---|
739 | <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
|
---|
740 | </indexterm>
|
---|
741 | </listitem>
|
---|
742 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
743 |
|
---|
744 | <varlistentry id="ld.so">
|
---|
745 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
|
---|
746 | <listitem>
|
---|
747 | <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
|
---|
748 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
|
---|
749 | <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
|
---|
750 | </indexterm>
|
---|
751 | </listitem>
|
---|
752 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
753 |
|
---|
754 | <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
|
---|
755 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
|
---|
756 | <listitem>
|
---|
757 | <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
|
---|
758 | (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
|
---|
759 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
|
---|
760 | for more information</para>
|
---|
761 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
|
---|
762 | <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
|
---|
763 | </indexterm>
|
---|
764 | </listitem>
|
---|
765 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | <varlistentry id="libanl">
|
---|
768 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
|
---|
769 | <listitem>
|
---|
770 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
|
---|
771 | asynchronous name lookup library, whose functions are now in
|
---|
772 | <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename></para>
|
---|
773 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
|
---|
774 | <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
|
---|
775 | </indexterm>
|
---|
776 | </listitem>
|
---|
777 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
778 |
|
---|
779 | <varlistentry id="libc">
|
---|
780 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
|
---|
781 | <listitem>
|
---|
782 | <para>The main C library</para>
|
---|
783 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
|
---|
784 | <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
|
---|
785 | </indexterm>
|
---|
786 | </listitem>
|
---|
787 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
788 |
|
---|
789 | <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
|
---|
790 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
|
---|
791 | <listitem>
|
---|
792 | <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
|
---|
793 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
|
---|
794 | <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
|
---|
795 | </indexterm>
|
---|
796 | </listitem>
|
---|
797 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
798 |
|
---|
799 | <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
|
---|
800 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
|
---|
801 | <listitem>
|
---|
802 | <para>The cryptography library</para>
|
---|
803 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
|
---|
804 | <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
|
---|
805 | </indexterm>
|
---|
806 | </listitem>
|
---|
807 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
808 |
|
---|
809 | <varlistentry id="libdl">
|
---|
810 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
|
---|
811 | <listitem>
|
---|
812 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
|
---|
813 | dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
|
---|
814 | <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
815 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
|
---|
816 | <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
|
---|
817 | </indexterm>
|
---|
818 | </listitem>
|
---|
819 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
820 |
|
---|
821 | <varlistentry id="libg">
|
---|
822 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
|
---|
823 | <listitem>
|
---|
824 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
|
---|
825 | library for <command>g++</command></para>
|
---|
826 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
|
---|
827 | <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
|
---|
828 | </indexterm>
|
---|
829 | </listitem>
|
---|
830 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
831 |
|
---|
832 | <varlistentry id="libm">
|
---|
833 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
|
---|
834 | <listitem>
|
---|
835 | <para>The mathematical library</para>
|
---|
836 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
|
---|
837 | <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
|
---|
838 | </indexterm>
|
---|
839 | </listitem>
|
---|
840 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
841 |
|
---|
842 | <varlistentry id="libmvec">
|
---|
843 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
|
---|
844 | <listitem>
|
---|
845 | <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
|
---|
846 | when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
|
---|
847 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
|
---|
848 | <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
|
---|
849 | </indexterm>
|
---|
850 | </listitem>
|
---|
851 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
852 |
|
---|
853 | <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
|
---|
854 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
|
---|
855 | <listitem>
|
---|
856 | <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
|
---|
857 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
|
---|
858 | <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
|
---|
859 | </indexterm>
|
---|
860 | </listitem>
|
---|
861 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
862 |
|
---|
863 | <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
|
---|
864 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
|
---|
865 | <listitem>
|
---|
866 | <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
|
---|
867 | information about the memory usage of a program</para>
|
---|
868 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
|
---|
869 | <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
|
---|
870 | </indexterm>
|
---|
871 | </listitem>
|
---|
872 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | <varlistentry id="libnsl">
|
---|
875 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
|
---|
876 | <listitem>
|
---|
877 | <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
|
---|
878 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
|
---|
879 | <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
|
---|
880 | </indexterm>
|
---|
881 | </listitem>
|
---|
882 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
883 |
|
---|
884 | <varlistentry id="libnss">
|
---|
885 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
|
---|
886 | <listitem>
|
---|
887 | <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
|
---|
888 | resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
|
---|
889 | protocols, etc. Loaded by
|
---|
890 | <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
|
---|
891 | configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
|
---|
892 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
|
---|
893 | <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
|
---|
894 | </indexterm>
|
---|
895 | </listitem>
|
---|
896 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
897 |
|
---|
898 | <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
|
---|
899 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
|
---|
900 | <listitem>
|
---|
901 | <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
|
---|
902 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
|
---|
903 | <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
|
---|
904 | </indexterm>
|
---|
905 | </listitem>
|
---|
906 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
907 |
|
---|
908 | <varlistentry id="libpthread">
|
---|
909 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
|
---|
910 | <listitem>
|
---|
911 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
|
---|
912 | functions providing most of the interfaces specified
|
---|
913 | by the POSIX.1c Threads Extensions and the semaphore interfaces
|
---|
914 | specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions, now the functions
|
---|
915 | are in <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
916 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
|
---|
917 | <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
|
---|
918 | </indexterm>
|
---|
919 | </listitem>
|
---|
920 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
921 |
|
---|
922 | <varlistentry id="libresolv">
|
---|
923 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
|
---|
924 | <listitem>
|
---|
925 | <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
|
---|
926 | packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
|
---|
927 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
|
---|
928 | <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
|
---|
929 | </indexterm>
|
---|
930 | </listitem>
|
---|
931 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
932 |
|
---|
933 | <varlistentry id="librt">
|
---|
934 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
|
---|
935 | <listitem>
|
---|
936 | <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
|
---|
937 | by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions</para>
|
---|
938 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
|
---|
939 | <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
|
---|
940 | </indexterm>
|
---|
941 | </listitem>
|
---|
942 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
943 |
|
---|
944 | <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
|
---|
945 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
|
---|
946 | <listitem>
|
---|
947 | <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
|
---|
948 | multi-threaded programs</para>
|
---|
949 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
|
---|
950 | <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
|
---|
951 | </indexterm>
|
---|
952 | </listitem>
|
---|
953 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
954 |
|
---|
955 | <varlistentry id="libutil">
|
---|
956 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
|
---|
957 | <listitem>
|
---|
958 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
|
---|
959 | code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
|
---|
960 | many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
|
---|
961 | <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
962 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
|
---|
963 | <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
|
---|
964 | </indexterm>
|
---|
965 | </listitem>
|
---|
966 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
967 |
|
---|
968 | </variablelist>
|
---|
969 |
|
---|
970 | </sect2>
|
---|
971 |
|
---|
972 | </sect1>
|
---|