source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 8cf42d4

12.1 12.1-rc1 12.2 12.2-rc1 multilib trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/loongarch-12.2 xry111/mips64el
Last change on this file since 8cf42d4 was 677f795, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 7 months ago

glibc: When update, also regenerate the locales

A Glibc update may contain locale updates, so keep
/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive synced.

Other distros are also doing this when Glibc is updated with the package
manager.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 40.5 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52<!--
53 <para>Now fix two security vulnerabilities and a regression causing the
54 posix_memalign() function very slow in some conditions:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-upstream-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen>
57-->
58 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
59 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
65 utilities will be installed into
66 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
73 --disable-werror \
74 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
75 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
76 --disable-nscd \
77 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
78
79 <variablelist>
80 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
86 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
87 </listitem>
88 </varlistentry>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
94 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
95 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
96 cannot be used.</para>
97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99
100 <varlistentry>
101 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
102 <listitem>
103 <para>This option increases system security by adding
104 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
105 smashing attacks. Note that Glibc always explicitly overrides
106 the default of GCC, so this option is still needed even though
107 we've already specified <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> for
108 GCC.</para>
109 </listitem>
110 </varlistentry>
111
112 <varlistentry>
113 <term><parameter>--disable-nscd</parameter></term>
114 <listitem>
115 <para>Do not build the name service cache daemon which is no
116 longer used.</para>
117 </listitem>
118 </varlistentry>
119
120 <varlistentry>
121 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
122 <listitem>
123 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
124 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
125 </listitem>
126 </varlistentry>
127
128 </variablelist>
129
130 <para>Compile the package:</para>
131
132<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
133
134 <important>
135 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
136 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
137 </important>
138
139 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
140 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
141
142<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
143<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
144 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
145 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
146esac</userinput></screen>
147
148 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
149 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
150 in the install phase below.</para></note>
151-->
152<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
153
154 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
155 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
156 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
157 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
158
159 <itemizedlist>
160
161 <listitem>
162 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
163 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
164 </listitem>
165
166<!-- Did not fail with glibc-2.38
167 <listitem>
168 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
169 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
170 </listitem>
171-->
172
173 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
174 <listitem>
175 <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
176 test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
177 </listitem>
178
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Some tests, for example
181 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
182 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
183 timeout.</para>
184 </listitem>
185
186 <listitem>
187 <para>Additionally, some tests may fail with a relatively old CPU
188 model or host kernel version.</para>
189 </listitem>
190 </itemizedlist>
191
192 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
193 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
194 Prevent this warning with:</para>
195
196<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
197
198 <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21911 -->
199 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an outdated sanity check
200 that fails with a modern Glibc configuration:</para>
201
202<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
203
204 <important>
205 <para>
206 If upgrading Glibc to a new minor version (for example, from
207 Glibc-2.36 to Glibc-&glibc-version;) on a running LFS system, you
208 need to take some extra precautions to avoid breaking the system:
209 </para>
210
211 <itemizedlist>
212 <listitem>
213 <!-- There are two reasons we don't support this:
214 1. Upgrading on a system with separate /lib and /usr/lib is
215 tricky.
216 2. With Glibc prior to 2.34 libc.so.6 etc. are symlinks to
217 libc-2.33.so etc., again causing the upgradation tricky.
218 The Glibc NEWS file explicit states they no longer use
219 symlinks for the ABI names to avoid upgradation
220 issues. -->
221 <para>
222 Upgrading Glibc on a LFS system prior to 11.0 (exclusive) is
223 not supported. Rebuild LFS if you are running such an old LFS
224 system but you need a newer Glibc.
225 </para>
226 </listitem>
227
228 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2024-January/154095.html -->
229 <listitem>
230 <para>
231 If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.0 (exclusive), install
232 <application>Libxcrypt</application> following
233 <xref role='.' linkend='ch-system-libxcrypt'/> In addition to
234 a normal <application>Libxcrypt</application> installation,
235 <emphasis role='bold'>you MUST follow the note in Libxcrypt
236 section to install
237 <filename class='libraryfile'>libcrypt.so.1*</filename>
238 (overwritting
239 <filename class='libraryfile'>libcrypt.so.1</filename> from the
240 prior Glibc installation)</emphasis>.
241 </para>
242 </listitem>
243
244 <!-- Otherwise on lfs-systemd nscd will fail to start on boot,
245 and on both lfs-sysv and lfs-systemd useradd etc. will try
246 to start nscd, then nscd will fail to start as well and
247 produce some spurious error message. -->
248 <listitem>
249 <para>
250 If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.1 (exclusive),
251 remove the <command>nscd</command> program:
252 </para>
253
254 <screen role='nodump'><userinput>rm -f /usr/sbin/nscd</userinput></screen>
255
256 <para>
257 If this system (prior to LFS 12.1, exclusive) is based on
258 Systemd, it's also needed to disable and stop the
259 <command>nscd</command> service now:
260 </para>
261
262 <screen revision='systemd' role='nodump'><userinput>systemctl disable --now nscd</userinput></screen>
263 </listitem>
264
265 <listitem>
266 <para>
267 Upgrade the kernel and reboot if it's older than &min-kernel;
268 (check the current version with <command>uname -r</command>)
269 or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following
270 <xref linkend='ch-bootable-kernel' role='.'/>
271 </para>
272 </listitem>
273
274 <listitem>
275 <para>
276 Upgrade the kernel API headers if it's older than &min-kernel;
277 (check the current version with
278 <command>cat /usr/include/linux/version.h</command>)
279 or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following
280 <xref linkend='ch-tools-linux-headers'/> (but removing
281 <envar>$LFS</envar> from the <command>cp</command> command).
282 </para>
283 </listitem>
284
285 <!-- This is to ensure we don't start a process at the time point
286 where some Glibc shared libraries are updated but the others
287 are not. Such mismatches can cause programs crash on startup,
288 esp. a mismatch between ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 and
289 libc.so.6. Note that a crash in the installation process
290 will leave the system in a state with the mismatch forever,
291 unrecoverable without the help of another distro. -->
292 <listitem>
293 <para>
294 Perform a <envar>DESTDIR</envar> installation and upgrade
295 the Glibc shared libraries on the system using one single
296 <command>install</command> command:
297 </para>
298
299 <screen role='nodump'><userinput>make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install
300install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/*.so.* /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
301 </listitem>
302 </itemizedlist>
303
304 <para>
305 It's imperative to strictly follow these steps above unless you
306 completely understand what you are doing.
307 <emphasis role='bold'>Any unexpected deviation may render the
308 system completely unusable. YOU ARE WARNED.</emphasis>
309 </para>
310
311 <para>
312 Then continue to run the <command>make install</command> command,
313 the <command>sed</command> command against
314 <filename>/usr/bin/ldd</filename>, and the commands to install
315 the locales. Once they are finished, reboot the system
316 immediately.
317 </para>
318 </important>
319
320 <para>Install the package:</para>
321
322<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
323
324 <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
325 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
326
327<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
328<!--
329 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
330 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
331
332<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
333mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
334
335 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
336 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
337
338 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
339install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
340-->
341 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
342 different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
343 are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
344 test cases.</para>
345
346 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
347 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
348 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
349 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
350 charset-independent locale definition with the
351 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
352 charmap definition and appends the result to the
353 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
354 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
355 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
356
357<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
358localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8
359localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
360localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
361localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
362localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
363localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
364localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
365localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
366localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
367localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
368localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
369localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
370localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
371localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
372localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
373localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
374localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
375localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
376localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
377localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
378localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
379localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
380localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
381localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
382localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
383localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
384localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
385localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
386localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
387localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
388localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
389localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
390localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
391localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
392localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
393
394 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
395 character set.</para>
396
397 <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
398 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
399 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
400 following time-consuming command:</para>
401
402<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
403
404 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
405 install locales not listed in the
406 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
407 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
408 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
409
410<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8
411localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
412
413 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
414 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
415 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
416 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
417 </para></note>
418
419 </sect2>
420
421 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
422 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
423
424 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
425 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427
428 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
429 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431
432 <sect3>
433 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
434
435 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
436 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
437 </para>
438
439 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
440 following:</para>
441
442<screen revision='sysv'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
443<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
444
445passwd: files
446group: files
447shadow: files
448
449hosts: files dns
450networks: files
451
452protocols: files
453services: files
454ethers: files
455rpc: files
456
457# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
458EOF</userinput></screen>
459
460<screen revision='systemd'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
461<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
462
463passwd: files systemd
464group: files systemd
465shadow: files systemd
466
467hosts: mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] files myhostname dns
468networks: files
469
470protocols: files
471services: files
472ethers: files
473rpc: files
474
475# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
476EOF</userinput></screen>
477
478 </sect3>
479
480 <sect3>
481 <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
482
483 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
484<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
485
486ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
487mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
488
489for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
490 asia australasia backward; do
491 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
492 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
493 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
494done
495
496cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
497zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
498unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
499
500 <variablelist>
501 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
502
503 <varlistentry>
504 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
505 <listitem>
506 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
507 conventional to put these in both
508 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
509 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
510 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
511 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
512 test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
513 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
514 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
515 directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some
516 failures.</para>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519 <varlistentry>
520 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
523 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
524 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
525 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
526 directory.</para>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529 <varlistentry>
530 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
533 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
534 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537 </variablelist>
538
539
540 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
541 script:</para>
542
543<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
544
545 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
546 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
547 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
548 time zones listed in <filename
549 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
550 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
551 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
552
553 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
554 running:</para>
555
556<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
557
558 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
559 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
560
561 </sect3>
562
563 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
564 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
565
566 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
567 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569
570 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
571 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
572 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
573 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
574 libraries in directories other than
575 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
576 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
577 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
578 to contain additional libraries are <filename
579 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
580 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
581 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
582
583 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
584 following:</para>
585
586<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
587<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
588/usr/local/lib
589/opt/lib
590</literal>
591EOF</userinput></screen>
592
593 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
594 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
595 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
596 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
597
598<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
599<literal># Add an include directory
600include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
601</literal>
602EOF
603mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
604
605 </sect3>
606 </sect2>
607
608 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
609 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
610
611 <segmentedlist>
612 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
613 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
614 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
615
616 <seglistitem>
617 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
618 ldd, lddlibc4,
619 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
620 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace,
621 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
622 zdump, and zic</seg>
623 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
624 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
625 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
626 libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
627 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
628 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
629 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
630 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
631 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
632 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
633 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
634 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
635 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
636 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
637 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
638 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
639 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
640 and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
641 </seglistitem>
642 </segmentedlist>
643
644 <variablelist>
645 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
646 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
647 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
648
649 <varlistentry id="gencat">
650 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
654 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="getconf">
660 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
663 specific variables</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
665 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="getent">
671 <term><command>getent</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
675 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="iconv">
681 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
685 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
691 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
694 files</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
696 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
702 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
706 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="ldd">
712 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
715 by each given program or shared library</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
717 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
723 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
726 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
727 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
728 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
729 </indexterm>
730 </listitem>
731 </varlistentry>
732
733 <varlistentry id="locale">
734 <term><command>locale</command></term>
735 <listitem>
736 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
738 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
739 </indexterm>
740 </listitem>
741 </varlistentry>
742
743 <varlistentry id="localedef">
744 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
745 <listitem>
746 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
748 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="makedb">
754 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
758 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
764 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
767 in human-readable format</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
769 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
775 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
779 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="pldd">
785 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
789 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="sln">
795 <term><command>sln</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
799 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
805 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
809 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="sprof">
815 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
819 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
825 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
828 the corresponding time zone description</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
830 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
836 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
839 executed function</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
841 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="zdump">
847 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
851 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="zic">
857 <term><command>zic</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
860 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
861 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
862 </indexterm>
863 </listitem>
864 </varlistentry>
865
866 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
867 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
868 <listitem>
869 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
871 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
877 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
880 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
881 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
882 for more information</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
884 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="libanl">
890 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
893 asynchronous name lookup library, whose functions are now in
894 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename></para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
896 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
901 <varlistentry id="libc">
902 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>The main C library</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
906 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
912 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
916 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="libdl">
922 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
925 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
926 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
928 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="libg">
934 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
937 library for <command>g++</command></para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
939 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="libm">
945 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>The mathematical library</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
949 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
955 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
958 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
960 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
966 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
970 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
976 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
979 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
981 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
987 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
991 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="libnss">
997 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
1000 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
1001 protocols, etc. Loaded by
1002 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
1003 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
1004 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
1005 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
1006 </indexterm>
1007 </listitem>
1008 </varlistentry>
1009
1010 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
1011 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
1012 <listitem>
1013 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
1014 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
1015 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
1016 </indexterm>
1017 </listitem>
1018 </varlistentry>
1019
1020 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
1021 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
1022 <listitem>
1023 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1024 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1025 by the POSIX.1c Threads Extensions and the semaphore interfaces
1026 specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions, now the functions
1027 are in <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
1029 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
1035 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
1038 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
1040 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="librt">
1046 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1049 by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions</para>
1050 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
1051 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
1052 </indexterm>
1053 </listitem>
1054 </varlistentry>
1055
1056 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
1057 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
1058 <listitem>
1059 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
1060 multi-threaded programs</para>
1061 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
1062 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
1063 </indexterm>
1064 </listitem>
1065 </varlistentry>
1066
1067 <varlistentry id="libutil">
1068 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
1069 <listitem>
1070 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1071 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
1072 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
1073 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
1075 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 </variablelist>
1081
1082 </sect2>
1083
1084</sect1>
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