[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[ddd5542] | 7 |
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[81fd230] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap">
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[ddd5542] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[e747759] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>shadow</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&shadow-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&shadow-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[ddd5542] | 17 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
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| 27 | way.</para>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[673b0d8] | 32 |
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[ddd5542] | 33 | <seglistitem>
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[fb386e0] | 34 | <seg>&shadow-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&shadow-fin-du;</seg>
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[ddd5542] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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[6370fa6] | 38 |
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[ddd5542] | 39 | </sect2>
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[3554fa3a] | 40 |
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[ddd5542] | 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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[73aedd1d] | 43 |
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[ddd5542] | 44 | <note>
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| 45 | <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to
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[0ee07e5] | 46 | <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html"/> for installing
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[c466df68] | 47 | CrackLib prior to building Shadow. Then add
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[ddd5542] | 48 | <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command>
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| 49 | command below.</para>
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| 50 | </note>
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[a75f3f8] | 51 |
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[ddd5542] | 52 | <para>Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program
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[b7b0eea] | 53 | and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also,
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| 54 | prevent the installation of manual pages that were already installed in
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[91f0d5b] | 55 | <xref linkend="ch-system-man-pages"/>:</para>
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[98fcc37] | 56 |
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[60c6e3b] | 57 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
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[b057615] | 58 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
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| 59 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
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| 60 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \;</userinput></screen>
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[98fcc37] | 61 |
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[ddd5542] | 62 | <para id="shadow-login_defs">Instead of using the default
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| 63 | <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more secure
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[e836f78] | 64 | <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also
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| 65 | allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change
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| 66 | the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
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[ddd5542] | 67 | for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
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[d7a9421] | 68 | class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And,
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| 69 | get rid of <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and
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| 70 | <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from <envar>PATH</envar>,
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| 71 | since they are simply symlinks to their counterpart in
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| 72 | <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.</para>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <note>
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| 75 | <para>If <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and/or
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[c034573] | 76 | <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> are preferred to be
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[d7a9421] | 77 | left over in <envar>PATH</envar> for some reason, modify
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| 78 | <envar>PATH</envar> in <filename>.bashrc</filename> after LFS is
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| 79 | built.</para>
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| 80 | </note>
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[c21999c6] | 81 |
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[3d92d63] | 82 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \
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[6a156bab] | 83 | -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \
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[d7a9421] | 84 | -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \
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[6a156bab] | 85 | -i etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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[f2e18a8] | 86 |
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[ddd5542] | 87 | <note>
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[0b8bbee] | 88 | <para>If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:</para>
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[a7b5482] | 89 |
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[6a156bab] | 90 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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[ddd5542] | 91 | </note>
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[ff96923] | 92 | <!--
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[0d84af1] | 93 | <para>Make a minor change to make the first group number generated
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| 94 | by useradd 1000:</para>
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[030875a8] | 95 |
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| 96 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput></screen>
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[ff96923] | 97 | -->
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[6d6f242] | 98 | <para>Fix a simple programming error by modifying a file with following command:</para>
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| 99 |
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[5287d52] | 100 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e "224s/rounds/min_rounds/" -i libmisc/salt.c</userinput></screen>
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[6d6f242] | 101 |
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[c466df68] | 102 | <para>Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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| 103 |
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[0827a1a] | 104 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
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[6a156bab] | 105 | ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
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[efcb393] | 106 | --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput></screen>
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[c7b8b88] | 107 |
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| 108 | <variablelist>
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| 109 | <title>The meaning of the configure option:</title>
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| 110 |
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[0827a1a] | 111 | <varlistentry>
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| 112 | <term><command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command></term>
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| 113 | <listitem>
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| 114 | <para>The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs
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| 115 | to exist because its location is harcoded in some programs, and
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| 116 | the default location if it does not exist is not right.</para>
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| 117 | </listitem>
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| 118 | </varlistentry>
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[c7b8b88] | 119 | <varlistentry>
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| 120 | <term><parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter></term>
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| 121 | <listitem>
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| 122 | <para>The maximum user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum
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| 123 | group name the same.</para>
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| 124 | </listitem>
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| 125 | </varlistentry>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | </variablelist>
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[c466df68] | 128 |
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[040ba8e] | 129 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 130 |
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[ff96923] | 131 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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[040ba8e] | 132 |
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| 133 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 136 |
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[ff96923] | 137 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make exec_prefix=/usr install
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| 138 | make -C man install-man
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| 139 | mkdir -p /etc/default
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| 140 | useradd -D --gid 999</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 141 |
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[ddd5542] | 142 | </sect2>
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[24351aa] | 143 |
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[ddd5542] | 144 | <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration">
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| 145 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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[2309b72] | 146 |
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[ddd5542] | 147 | <indexterm zone="conf-shadow">
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| 148 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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| 149 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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| 150 | </indexterm>
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[81fd230] | 151 |
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[ddd5542] | 152 | <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and
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| 153 | groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative
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| 154 | tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis>
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| 155 | means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked
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| 156 | source tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need
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| 157 | to verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.)
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| 158 | must be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with
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| 159 | shadowed passwords.</para>
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[81fd230] | 160 |
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[ddd5542] | 161 | <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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[2309b72] | 162 |
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[cd1ddd7] | 163 | <screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen>
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[2309b72] | 164 |
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[ddd5542] | 165 | <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
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[2309b72] | 166 |
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[cd1ddd7] | 167 | <screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen>
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[2309b72] | 168 |
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[d1538c0] | 169 | <para>Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command>
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[c466df68] | 170 | utility has a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default
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| 171 | action for the <command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and
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| 172 | a group of the same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and
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| 173 | group ID (GID) numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass
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| 174 | parameters to <command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a
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[edbeeb5] | 175 | unique group on the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need
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[c466df68] | 176 | to pass the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to
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| 177 | <command>useradd</command>. The default parameters are stored in the
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| 178 | <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two
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| 179 | parameters in this file to suit your particular needs.</para>
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| 180 |
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| 181 | <variablelist>
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| 182 | <title><filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations</title>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <varlistentry>
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| 185 | <term><parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter></term>
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| 186 | <listitem>
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| 187 | <para>This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in
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| 188 | the /etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note
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| 189 | that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the
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| 190 | number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next
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| 191 | available number after this. Note also that if you don't have a group
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| 192 | 1000 on your system the first time you use <command>useradd</command>
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| 193 | without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message
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| 194 | displayed on the terminal that says:
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| 195 | <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 1000</computeroutput>. You may
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| 196 | disregard this message and group number 1000 will be used.</para>
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| 197 | </listitem>
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| 198 | </varlistentry>
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| 199 | <varlistentry>
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| 200 | <term><parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter></term>
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| 201 | <listitem>
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| 202 | <para>This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a
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| 203 | mailbox file for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command>
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| 204 | will make the group ownership of this file to the
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| 205 | <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
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| 206 | permissions. If you would prefer that these mailbox files are not
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| 207 | created by <command>useradd</command>, issue the following
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| 208 | command:</para>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
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| 211 | </listitem>
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| 212 | </varlistentry>
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| 213 |
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| 214 | </variablelist>
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[d1538c0] | 215 |
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| 216 |
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[ddd5542] | 217 | </sect2>
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[c21999c6] | 218 |
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[ddd5542] | 219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 220 | <title>Setting the root password</title>
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[2309b72] | 221 |
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[ddd5542] | 222 | <para>Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it
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| 223 | by running:</para>
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[2309b72] | 224 |
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[ab007ca] | 225 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
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[673b0d8] | 226 |
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[ddd5542] | 227 | </sect2>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content">
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| 230 | <title>Contents of Shadow</title>
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| 231 |
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| 232 | <segmentedlist>
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| 233 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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[fe05b08] | 234 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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[ddd5542] | 235 |
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| 236 | <seglistitem>
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[470b5d4] | 237 | <seg>chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd,
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[2791a8e] | 238 | groupadd, groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv,
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[040ecb6] | 239 | lastlog, login, logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers,
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| 240 | nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su,
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| 241 | useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw), and vipw</seg>
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[fe05b08] | 242 | <seg>/etc/default</seg>
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[ddd5542] | 243 | </seglistitem>
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| 244 | </segmentedlist>
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| 245 |
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| 246 | <variablelist>
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| 247 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 248 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 249 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <varlistentry id="chage">
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| 252 | <term><command>chage</command></term>
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| 253 | <listitem>
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| 254 | <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory
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| 255 | password changes</para>
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| 256 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage">
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| 257 | <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary>
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| 258 | </indexterm>
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| 259 | </listitem>
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| 260 | </varlistentry>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <varlistentry id="chfn">
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| 263 | <term><command>chfn</command></term>
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| 264 | <listitem>
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| 265 | <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para>
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| 266 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn">
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| 267 | <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary>
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| 268 | </indexterm>
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| 269 | </listitem>
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| 270 | </varlistentry>
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| 271 |
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[470b5d4] | 272 | <varlistentry id="chgpasswd">
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| 273 | <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term>
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| 274 | <listitem>
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| 275 | <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para>
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd">
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| 277 | <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary>
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| 278 | </indexterm>
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| 279 | </listitem>
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| 280 | </varlistentry>
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| 281 |
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[ddd5542] | 282 | <varlistentry id="chpasswd">
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| 283 | <term><command>chpasswd</command></term>
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| 284 | <listitem>
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[470b5d4] | 285 | <para>Used to update user passwords in batch mode</para>
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[ddd5542] | 286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd">
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| 287 | <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary>
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| 288 | </indexterm>
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| 289 | </listitem>
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| 290 | </varlistentry>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <varlistentry id="chsh">
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| 293 | <term><command>chsh</command></term>
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| 294 | <listitem>
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| 295 | <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para>
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 | </listitem>
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| 300 | </varlistentry>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="expiry">
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| 303 | <term><command>expiry</command></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para>
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| 306 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry">
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| 307 | <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary>
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| 308 | </indexterm>
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| 309 | </listitem>
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| 310 | </varlistentry>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | <varlistentry id="faillog">
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| 313 | <term><command>faillog</command></term>
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| 314 | <listitem>
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| 315 | <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum
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| 316 | number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the
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| 317 | failure count</para>
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| 318 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog">
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| 319 | <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary>
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| 320 | </indexterm>
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| 321 | </listitem>
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| 322 | </varlistentry>
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| 323 |
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| 324 | <varlistentry id="gpasswd">
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| 325 | <term><command>gpasswd</command></term>
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| 326 | <listitem>
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| 327 | <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to
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| 328 | groups</para>
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| 329 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd">
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| 330 | <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary>
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| 331 | </indexterm>
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| 332 | </listitem>
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| 333 | </varlistentry>
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| 334 |
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| 335 | <varlistentry id="groupadd">
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| 336 | <term><command>groupadd</command></term>
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| 337 | <listitem>
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| 338 | <para>Creates a group with the given name</para>
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| 339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd">
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| 340 | <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary>
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| 341 | </indexterm>
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| 342 | </listitem>
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| 343 | </varlistentry>
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| 344 |
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| 345 | <varlistentry id="groupdel">
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| 346 | <term><command>groupdel</command></term>
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| 347 | <listitem>
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| 348 | <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para>
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| 349 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel">
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| 350 | <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary>
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| 351 | </indexterm>
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| 352 | </listitem>
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| 353 | </varlistentry>
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| 354 |
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[2791a8e] | 355 | <varlistentry id="groupmems">
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| 356 | <term><command>groupmems</command></term>
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| 357 | <listitem>
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| 358 | <para>Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list
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| 359 | without the requirement of super user privileges.</para>
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| 360 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmems">
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| 361 | <primary sortas="b-groupmems">groupmems</primary>
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| 362 | </indexterm>
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| 363 | </listitem>
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| 364 | </varlistentry>
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| 365 |
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[ddd5542] | 366 | <varlistentry id="groupmod">
|
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| 367 | <term><command>groupmod</command></term>
|
---|
| 368 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 369 | <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para>
|
---|
| 370 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod">
|
---|
| 371 | <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary>
|
---|
| 372 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 373 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 374 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 375 |
|
---|
| 376 | <varlistentry id="grpck">
|
---|
| 377 | <term><command>grpck</command></term>
|
---|
| 378 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 379 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files
|
---|
| 380 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
|
---|
| 381 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para>
|
---|
| 382 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck">
|
---|
| 383 | <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary>
|
---|
| 384 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 385 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 386 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 387 |
|
---|
| 388 | <varlistentry id="grpconv">
|
---|
| 389 | <term><command>grpconv</command></term>
|
---|
| 390 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 391 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal
|
---|
| 392 | group file</para>
|
---|
| 393 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv">
|
---|
| 394 | <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary>
|
---|
| 395 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 396 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 397 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 398 |
|
---|
| 399 | <varlistentry id="grpunconv">
|
---|
| 400 | <term><command>grpunconv</command></term>
|
---|
| 401 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 402 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from
|
---|
| 403 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
---|
| 404 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv">
|
---|
| 405 | <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary>
|
---|
| 406 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 407 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 408 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 409 |
|
---|
| 410 | <varlistentry id="lastlog">
|
---|
| 411 | <term><command>lastlog</command></term>
|
---|
| 412 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 413 | <para>Reports the most recent login of all users or of a
|
---|
| 414 | given user</para>
|
---|
| 415 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog">
|
---|
| 416 | <primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary>
|
---|
| 417 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 418 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 419 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 420 |
|
---|
| 421 | <varlistentry id="login">
|
---|
| 422 | <term><command>login</command></term>
|
---|
| 423 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 424 | <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para>
|
---|
| 425 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login">
|
---|
| 426 | <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
|
---|
| 427 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 428 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 430 |
|
---|
| 431 | <varlistentry id="logoutd">
|
---|
| 432 | <term><command>logoutd</command></term>
|
---|
| 433 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 434 | <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time
|
---|
| 435 | and ports</para>
|
---|
| 436 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd">
|
---|
| 437 | <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary>
|
---|
| 438 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 439 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 440 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 441 |
|
---|
[040ecb6] | 442 | <varlistentry id="newgidmap">
|
---|
| 443 | <term><command>newgidmap</command></term>
|
---|
| 444 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 445 | <para>Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace</para>
|
---|
| 446 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgidmap">
|
---|
| 447 | <primary sortas="b-newgidmap">newgidmap</primary>
|
---|
| 448 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 449 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 450 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 451 |
|
---|
[ddd5542] | 452 | <varlistentry id="newgrp">
|
---|
| 453 | <term><command>newgrp</command></term>
|
---|
| 454 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 455 | <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para>
|
---|
| 456 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp">
|
---|
| 457 | <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary>
|
---|
| 458 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 459 | </listitem>
|
---|
[040ecb6] | 460 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 461 |
|
---|
| 462 | <varlistentry id="newuidmap">
|
---|
| 463 | <term><command>newuidmap</command></term>
|
---|
| 464 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 465 | <para>Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace</para>
|
---|
| 466 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newuidmap">
|
---|
| 467 | <primary sortas="b-newuidmap">newuidmap</primary>
|
---|
| 468 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 469 | </listitem>
|
---|
[ddd5542] | 470 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 471 |
|
---|
| 472 | <varlistentry id="newusers">
|
---|
| 473 | <term><command>newusers</command></term>
|
---|
| 474 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 475 | <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user
|
---|
| 476 | accounts</para>
|
---|
| 477 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers">
|
---|
| 478 | <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary>
|
---|
| 479 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 480 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 481 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 482 |
|
---|
[8bc46a5] | 483 | <varlistentry id="nologin">
|
---|
| 484 | <term><command>nologin</command></term>
|
---|
| 485 | <listitem>
|
---|
[7bb9fda] | 486 | <para>Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed
|
---|
[8bc46a5] | 487 | to be used as the default shell for accounts that have been
|
---|
| 488 | disabled</para>
|
---|
| 489 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin">
|
---|
| 490 | <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary>
|
---|
| 491 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 492 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 493 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 494 |
|
---|
[ddd5542] | 495 | <varlistentry id="passwd">
|
---|
| 496 | <term><command>passwd</command></term>
|
---|
| 497 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 498 | <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para>
|
---|
| 499 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd">
|
---|
| 500 | <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary>
|
---|
| 501 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 502 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 503 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 504 |
|
---|
| 505 | <varlistentry id="pwck">
|
---|
| 506 | <term><command>pwck</command></term>
|
---|
| 507 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 508 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files
|
---|
| 509 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
|
---|
| 510 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para>
|
---|
| 511 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck">
|
---|
| 512 | <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary>
|
---|
| 513 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 514 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 515 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 516 |
|
---|
| 517 | <varlistentry id="pwconv">
|
---|
| 518 | <term><command>pwconv</command></term>
|
---|
| 519 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 520 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal
|
---|
| 521 | password file</para>
|
---|
| 522 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv">
|
---|
| 523 | <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary>
|
---|
| 524 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 525 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 526 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 527 |
|
---|
| 528 | <varlistentry id="pwunconv">
|
---|
| 529 | <term><command>pwunconv</command></term>
|
---|
| 530 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 531 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from
|
---|
| 532 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
---|
| 533 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv">
|
---|
| 534 | <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary>
|
---|
| 535 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 536 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 537 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 538 |
|
---|
| 539 | <varlistentry id="sg">
|
---|
| 540 | <term><command>sg</command></term>
|
---|
| 541 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 542 | <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID
|
---|
| 543 | is set to that of the given group</para>
|
---|
| 544 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg">
|
---|
| 545 | <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary>
|
---|
| 546 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 547 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 548 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 549 |
|
---|
| 550 | <varlistentry id="su">
|
---|
| 551 | <term><command>su</command></term>
|
---|
| 552 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 553 | <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
|
---|
| 554 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su">
|
---|
| 555 | <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
|
---|
| 556 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 557 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 558 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 559 |
|
---|
| 560 | <varlistentry id="useradd">
|
---|
| 561 | <term><command>useradd</command></term>
|
---|
| 562 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 563 | <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default
|
---|
| 564 | new-user information</para>
|
---|
| 565 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd">
|
---|
| 566 | <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary>
|
---|
| 567 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 568 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 569 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 570 |
|
---|
| 571 | <varlistentry id="userdel">
|
---|
| 572 | <term><command>userdel</command></term>
|
---|
| 573 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 574 | <para>Deletes the given user account</para>
|
---|
| 575 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel">
|
---|
| 576 | <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary>
|
---|
| 577 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 578 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 579 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 580 |
|
---|
| 581 | <varlistentry id="usermod">
|
---|
| 582 | <term><command>usermod</command></term>
|
---|
| 583 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 584 | <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, User
|
---|
| 585 | Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para>
|
---|
| 586 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod">
|
---|
| 587 | <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary>
|
---|
| 588 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 589 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 590 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 591 |
|
---|
| 592 | <varlistentry id="vigr">
|
---|
| 593 | <term><command>vigr</command></term>
|
---|
| 594 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 595 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or
|
---|
| 596 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para>
|
---|
| 597 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr">
|
---|
| 598 | <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary>
|
---|
| 599 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 600 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 601 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 602 |
|
---|
| 603 | <varlistentry id="vipw">
|
---|
| 604 | <term><command>vipw</command></term>
|
---|
| 605 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 606 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
|
---|
| 607 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para>
|
---|
| 608 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw">
|
---|
| 609 | <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary>
|
---|
| 610 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 611 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 612 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 613 |
|
---|
| 614 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 615 |
|
---|
| 616 | </sect2>
|
---|
[81fd230] | 617 |
|
---|
[ddd5542] | 618 | </sect1>
|
---|