[f896e21c] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[35a5259] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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[cba2d4e] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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[f896e21c] | 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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[cba2d4e] | 12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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[f896e21c] | 13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[cba2d4e] | 17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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[f896e21c] | 18 |
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[cba2d4e] | 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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[1118b17] | 20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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[f896e21c] | 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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[1118b17] | 26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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[cba2d4e] | 27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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[f896e21c] | 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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[fb386e0] | 34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
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[f896e21c] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[1118b17] | 41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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[70dcd88] | 42 |
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[87119fd] | 43 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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| 44 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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| 45 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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[896e77e] | 46 | rules:</para>
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| 47 |
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[1f201845] | 48 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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[96fa6f2] | 49 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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[896e77e] | 50 |
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[1118b17] | 51 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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| 52 |
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[c556e59] | 53 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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[04b2165] | 54 | cd build
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[fc199db] | 55 |
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[76ef88ee] | 56 | CFLAGS+=" -Wno-format-overflow" \
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[740ee46] | 57 | meson setup \
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| 58 | --prefix=/usr \
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[c349b4a] | 59 | --buildtype=release \
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[0f703541] | 60 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 61 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 62 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 63 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 64 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 65 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 66 | -Dhomed=false \
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| 67 | -Duserdb=false \
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[35e0479] | 68 | -Dman=false \
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[22009fb] | 69 | -Dmode=release \
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[77e340bc] | 70 | -Dpamconfdir=no \
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[dfde664] | 71 | -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
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[1446892] | 72 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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[fc199db] | 73 | ..</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 74 |
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| 75 | <variablelist>
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[81ed05f] | 76 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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[cba2d4e] | 77 |
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[06cdaed] | 78 | <varlistentry>
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| 79 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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| 80 | <listitem>
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| 81 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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[69854d2a] | 82 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
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[06cdaed] | 83 | binaries.</para>
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| 84 | </listitem>
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| 85 | </varlistentry>
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| 86 |
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[cba2d4e] | 87 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 88 | <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 89 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 90 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 91 | </listitem>
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| 92 | </varlistentry>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 95 | <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 96 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 97 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 98 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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[69854d2a] | 99 | the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
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[81ed05f] | 100 | everything is done manually.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 101 | </listitem>
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| 102 | </varlistentry>
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| 103 |
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[e88a471b] | 104 | <varlistentry>
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| 105 | <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
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| 106 | <listitem>
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| 107 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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| 108 | </listitem>
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| 109 | </varlistentry>
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| 110 |
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[cba2d4e] | 111 | <varlistentry>
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[0d84af1] | 112 | <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 113 | <listitem>
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[0d84af1] | 114 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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[69854d2a] | 115 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
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| 116 | distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
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| 117 | this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 118 | </listitem>
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| 119 | </varlistentry>
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| 120 |
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[1118b17] | 121 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 122 | <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
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[1118b17] | 123 | <listitem>
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| 124 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 125 | services responsible for setting up the
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| 126 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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| 127 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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[f09dd59] | 128 | were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
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[0a75d62] | 129 | on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 130 | </listitem>
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| 131 | </varlistentry>
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| 132 |
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[c556e59] | 133 | <varlistentry>
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| 134 | <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 135 | <listitem>
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| 136 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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[69854d2a] | 137 | for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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[c556e59] | 138 | </listitem>
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| 139 | </varlistentry>
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[c06f49a] | 140 |
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| 141 | <varlistentry>
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| 142 | <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
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| 143 | <listitem>
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[69854d2a] | 144 | <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
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| 145 | within the scope of LFS.</para>
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[c06f49a] | 146 | </listitem>
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| 147 | </varlistentry>
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| 148 |
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[35e0479] | 149 | <varlistentry>
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| 150 | <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
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| 151 | <listitem>
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| 152 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
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| 153 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
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[69854d2a] | 154 | from a tarball.</para>
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[35e0479] | 155 | </listitem>
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| 156 | </varlistentry>
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| 157 |
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[fe42b2f] | 158 | <varlistentry>
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| 159 | <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
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| 160 | <listitem>
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| 161 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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| 162 | </para>
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| 163 | </listitem>
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| 164 | </varlistentry>
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| 165 |
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[77e340bc] | 166 | <varlistentry>
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| 167 | <term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 168 | <listitem>
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| 169 | <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
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| 170 | functional on LFS.</para>
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| 171 | </listitem>
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| 172 | </varlistentry>
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[dfde664] | 173 |
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| 174 | <varlistentry>
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| 175 | <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
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| 176 | <listitem>
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| 177 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
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| 178 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
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| 179 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
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| 180 | </listitem>
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| 181 | </varlistentry>
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[cba2d4e] | 182 | </variablelist>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 185 |
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[69c4524] | 186 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
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[f896e21c] | 187 |
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| 188 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 189 |
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[69c4524] | 190 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 191 |
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[35e0479] | 192 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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[c556e59] | 193 |
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[b4008bb] | 194 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
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| 195 | component in the path. -->
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[57f1678] | 196 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
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| 197 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
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| 198 | -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
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[c556e59] | 199 |
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[cba2d4e] | 200 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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[1118b17] | 201 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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[053b206] | 202 |
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[15f0f21] | 203 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 204 |
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[69854d2a] | 205 | <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
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[8a0d39ee] | 206 |
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| 207 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
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[777b5cb] | 208 |
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[5156c400] | 209 | <para>Disable two services for upgrading binary distros. They are useless for
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[69854d2a] | 210 | a basic Linux system built from source, and each one will report an error if
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[f99a7eb] | 211 | it's enabled but not configured:</para>
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| 212 |
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[5156c400] | 213 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-sysupdate{,-reboot}</userinput></screen>
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[172185a9] | 214 |
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[a815ec7] | 215 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
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| 216 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
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| 217 | <!--
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[777b5cb] | 218 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
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| 219 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
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[d672ab7] | 220 |
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[c06f49a] | 221 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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[a815ec7] | 222 | -->
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[777b5cb] | 223 |
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[f896e21c] | 224 | </sect2>
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| 225 |
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[cba2d4e] | 226 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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[1118b17] | 227 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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[f896e21c] | 228 |
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| 229 | <segmentedlist>
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| 230 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 231 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 232 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 233 |
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| 234 | <seglistitem>
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[662f649] | 235 | <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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[78cc3be] | 236 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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[c2ccad1] | 237 | machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
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| 238 | oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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[78cc3be] | 239 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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| 240 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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[2efe1e8] | 241 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
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[1118b17] | 242 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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[c2ccad1] | 243 | systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
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| 244 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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[d7a9421] | 245 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
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| 246 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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[78cc3be] | 247 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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[c06f49a] | 248 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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[d7a9421] | 249 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
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| 250 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
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| 251 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
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| 252 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
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[1118b17] | 253 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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[78cc3be] | 254 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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[d7a9421] | 255 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
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[a840e59] | 256 | and libudev.so</seg>
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[59d90df] | 257 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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[cba2d4e] | 258 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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[d7a9421] | 259 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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[d672ab7] | 260 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
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| 261 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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[2ca70d33] | 262 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
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[1118b17] | 263 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
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| 264 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
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[f896e21c] | 265 | </seglistitem>
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| 266 | </segmentedlist>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <variablelist>
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| 269 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 270 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 271 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 272 |
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[cba2d4e] | 273 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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| 274 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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| 275 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 276 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 277 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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| 278 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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| 279 | </indexterm>
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| 280 | </listitem>
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| 281 | </varlistentry>
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| 282 |
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[1118b17] | 283 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
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| 284 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
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| 285 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 286 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
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[1118b17] | 287 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
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| 288 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
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| 289 | </indexterm>
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| 290 | </listitem>
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| 291 | </varlistentry>
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| 292 |
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[cba2d4e] | 293 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 294 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 295 | <listitem>
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| 296 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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| 297 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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[69854d2a] | 298 | when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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[cba2d4e] | 299 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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[1118b17] | 300 | brought down</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 301 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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| 302 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 303 | </indexterm>
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| 304 | </listitem>
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| 305 | </varlistentry>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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| 308 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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| 309 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 310 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
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[1118b17] | 311 | settings</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 312 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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| 313 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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| 314 | </indexterm>
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| 315 | </listitem>
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| 316 | </varlistentry>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <varlistentry id="init">
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| 319 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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| 320 | <listitem>
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[69854d2a] | 321 | <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
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| 322 | the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
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| 323 | processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
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[8d35535] | 324 | systemd</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 325 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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| 326 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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| 327 | </indexterm>
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| 328 | </listitem>
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| 329 | </varlistentry>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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| 332 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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| 333 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 334 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 335 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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| 336 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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| 337 | </indexterm>
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| 338 | </listitem>
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| 339 | </varlistentry>
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| 340 |
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| 341 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
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| 342 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
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| 343 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 344 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
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[69854d2a] | 345 | from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 346 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
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| 347 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
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| 348 | </indexterm>
|
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| 349 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 350 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 351 |
|
---|
| 352 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
|
---|
| 353 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 354 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 355 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
---|
[1118b17] | 356 | settings</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 357 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
---|
| 358 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
---|
| 359 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 360 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 361 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 362 |
|
---|
| 363 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
---|
| 364 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 365 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 366 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
---|
[1118b17] | 367 | Manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 368 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
---|
| 369 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
---|
| 370 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 371 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 372 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 373 |
|
---|
| 374 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
---|
| 375 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 376 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 377 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 378 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
---|
| 379 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
---|
| 380 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
---|
| 381 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 382 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 383 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 384 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 385 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
---|
| 386 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 387 | <listitem>
|
---|
[d672ab7] | 388 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 389 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 390 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
| 391 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
| 392 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 393 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 394 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 395 |
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 396 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
---|
| 397 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 398 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 399 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
---|
| 400 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
---|
| 401 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
---|
| 402 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 403 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 404 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 405 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 406 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
| 407 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 408 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 409 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 410 | system</para>
|
---|
| 411 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
| 412 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
| 413 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 414 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 415 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 416 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 417 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
| 418 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
| 419 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 420 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
[1118b17] | 421 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 422 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
| 423 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
| 424 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 425 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 426 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 427 |
|
---|
| 428 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
| 429 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 430 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 431 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
[1118b17] | 432 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 433 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
| 434 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 435 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 436 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 437 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 438 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 439 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
| 440 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
| 441 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 442 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
[93058448] | 443 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 444 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
| 445 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
| 446 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 447 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 448 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 449 |
|
---|
| 450 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
| 451 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 452 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 453 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
| 454 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
[8d35535] | 455 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 456 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
| 457 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
| 458 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 459 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 460 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 461 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 462 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
| 463 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 464 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 465 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
[02776dff] | 466 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 467 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
| 468 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 469 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 470 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 471 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 472 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 473 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
| 474 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 475 | <listitem>
|
---|
[d672ab7] | 476 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 477 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 478 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
| 479 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 480 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 481 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 482 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 483 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 484 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
| 485 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 486 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 487 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
[1118b17] | 488 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 489 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
| 490 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
| 491 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 492 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 493 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 494 |
|
---|
[2efe1e8] | 495 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
| 496 | <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
|
---|
| 497 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 498 | <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
|
---|
| 499 | power source.</para>
|
---|
| 500 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
| 501 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
|
---|
| 502 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 503 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 504 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 505 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 506 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 507 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
| 508 | <listitem>
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 509 | <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
|
---|
| 510 | as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 511 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 512 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
| 513 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 514 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 515 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 516 |
|
---|
| 517 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 518 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
| 519 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 520 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 521 | using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 522 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 523 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
| 524 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 525 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 526 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 527 |
|
---|
| 528 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 529 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
| 530 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 531 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
---|
[8d35535] | 532 | with the systemd journal
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 533 | </para>
|
---|
| 534 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 535 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
| 536 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 537 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 538 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 539 |
|
---|
| 540 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 541 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
| 542 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 543 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
| 544 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 545 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 546 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
| 547 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 548 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 549 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 550 |
|
---|
| 551 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 552 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
| 553 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 554 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 555 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 556 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 557 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
| 558 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 559 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 560 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 561 |
|
---|
[662f649] | 562 | <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
|
---|
| 563 | <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 564 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9f0a642] | 565 | <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
|
---|
[662f649] | 566 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
|
---|
| 567 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 568 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 569 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 570 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 571 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 572 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 573 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
| 574 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 575 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 576 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
|
---|
| 577 | in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 578 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 579 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
| 580 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 581 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 582 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 583 |
|
---|
| 584 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 585 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
| 586 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 587 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
---|
[8d35535] | 588 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 589 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 590 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
| 591 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 592 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 593 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 594 |
|
---|
[22009fb] | 595 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
---|
| 596 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
---|
| 597 | <listitem>
|
---|
[8d35535] | 598 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
---|
[22009fb] | 599 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
---|
| 600 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
---|
| 601 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 602 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 603 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 604 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 605 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 606 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
| 607 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 608 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
[1118b17] | 609 | names</para>
|
---|
| 610 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 611 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
| 612 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 613 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 614 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 615 |
|
---|
| 616 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 617 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
| 618 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 619 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 620 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 621 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
| 622 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 623 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 624 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 625 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 626 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 627 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
| 628 | <listitem>
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 629 | <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 630 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 631 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
| 632 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 633 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 634 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 635 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 636 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 637 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
| 638 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 639 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
| 640 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
---|
[8d35535] | 641 | until the process is completed</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 642 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 643 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
| 644 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 645 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 646 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 647 |
|
---|
| 648 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 649 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
| 650 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 651 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
[1118b17] | 652 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
| 653 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 654 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 655 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
| 656 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 657 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 658 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 659 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 660 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 661 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
| 662 | <listitem>
|
---|
[8d35535] | 663 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 664 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 665 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
| 666 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 667 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 668 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 669 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 670 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 671 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
| 672 | <listitem>
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 673 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
|
---|
[1118b17] | 674 | changes</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 675 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 676 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
| 677 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 678 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 679 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 680 |
|
---|
| 681 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 682 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
| 683 | <listitem>
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 684 | <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
[1118b17] | 685 | container</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 686 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 687 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
| 688 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 689 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 690 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 691 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 692 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
| 693 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
| 694 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 695 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 696 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
| 697 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
| 698 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 699 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 700 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 701 |
|
---|
[c06f49a] | 702 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
---|
| 703 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
---|
| 704 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 705 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 706 | systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
---|
[c06f49a] | 707 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
---|
| 708 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
---|
| 709 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 710 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 711 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 712 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 713 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 714 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
| 715 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 716 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
[1118b17] | 717 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
| 718 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 719 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
| 720 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 721 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 722 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 723 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 724 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
| 725 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
| 726 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 727 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 728 | unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
|
---|
[8d35535] | 729 | validating systemd units</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 730 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
| 731 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
| 732 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 733 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 734 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 735 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 736 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 737 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
| 738 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 739 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
[8d35535] | 740 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 741 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 742 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
| 743 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 744 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 745 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 746 |
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 747 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
---|
| 748 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
---|
| 749 | <listitem>
|
---|
[871fd2f] | 750 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 751 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
---|
| 752 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
---|
| 753 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 754 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 755 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 756 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 757 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 758 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
| 759 | <listitem>
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 760 | <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
[1118b17] | 761 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
| 762 | specified in
|
---|
| 763 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 764 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 765 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
| 766 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 767 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 768 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 769 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 770 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 771 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
| 772 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 773 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 774 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 775 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
| 776 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 777 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 778 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 779 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 780 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 781 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 782 | <listitem>
|
---|
[d672ab7] | 783 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 784 | requests</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 785 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 786 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
| 787 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 788 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 789 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 790 |
|
---|
| 791 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
| 792 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
| 793 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 794 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
| 795 | to</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 796 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
| 797 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
| 798 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 799 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 800 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 801 |
|
---|
| 802 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
| 803 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 804 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 805 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 806 | </para>
|
---|
| 807 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
| 808 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 809 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 810 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 811 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 812 |
|
---|
| 813 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
| 814 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
| 815 | <listitem>
|
---|
[d672ab7] | 816 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
---|
[69854d2a] | 817 | daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
|
---|
[d672ab7] | 818 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 819 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 820 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 821 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
| 822 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 823 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 824 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 825 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 826 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
| 827 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 828 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 829 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 830 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
| 831 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 832 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 833 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 834 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 835 |
|
---|
| 836 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
| 837 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
| 838 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 839 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 840 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 841 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
| 842 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 843 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 844 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 845 |
|
---|
| 846 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 847 |
|
---|
| 848 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 849 |
|
---|
| 850 | </sect1>
|
---|