[f896e21c] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[35a5259] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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[cba2d4e] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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[f896e21c] | 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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[cba2d4e] | 12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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[f896e21c] | 13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[cba2d4e] | 17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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[f896e21c] | 18 |
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[cba2d4e] | 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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[1118b17] | 20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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[f896e21c] | 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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[1118b17] | 26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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[cba2d4e] | 27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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[f896e21c] | 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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[fb386e0] | 34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
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[f896e21c] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[1118b17] | 41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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[70dcd88] | 42 |
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[2ca70d33] | 43 | <!--
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[380fdc0] | 44 | <para>First, apply a patch to fix the build with GCC-10 and fix a segfault:</para>
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[d53fefa] | 45 |
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[380fdc0] | 46 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-gcc_10-fixes-2.patch</userinput></screen>
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[2ca70d33] | 47 | -->
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[d53fefa] | 48 |
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[87119fd] | 49 | <!-- For linux-5.11's API headers changing the rfkill_event structure
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[d7a9421] | 50 | <para>First, apply a patch to fix some build issues:</para>
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[22009fb] | 51 |
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[d7a9421] | 52 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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[87119fd] | 53 | -->
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[22009fb] | 54 |
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[8725cae] | 55 | <!-- Seems to be not needed anymore with 248
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[e88a471b] | 56 | <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
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| 57 |
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[d7a9421] | 58 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
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[8725cae] | 59 | -->
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[b55310e] | 60 |
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[87119fd] | 61 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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| 62 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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| 63 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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[896e77e] | 64 | rules:</para>
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| 65 |
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[87119fd] | 66 | <screen><userinput remap="pre"> sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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| 67 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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[896e77e] | 68 |
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[1118b17] | 69 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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| 70 |
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[c556e59] | 71 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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[04b2165] | 72 | cd build
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[fc199db] | 73 |
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[0f703541] | 74 | LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
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| 75 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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| 76 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 77 | --localstatedir=/var \
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[06cdaed] | 78 | --buildtype=release \
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[0f703541] | 79 | -Dblkid=true \
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| 80 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 81 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 82 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 83 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 84 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 85 | -Db_lto=false \
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| 86 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 87 | -Dhomed=false \
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| 88 | -Duserdb=false \
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[35e0479] | 89 | -Dman=false \
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[22009fb] | 90 | -Dmode=release \
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[1446892] | 91 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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[fc199db] | 92 | ..</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 93 |
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| 94 | <variablelist>
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[81ed05f] | 95 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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[cba2d4e] | 96 |
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[06cdaed] | 97 | <varlistentry>
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| 98 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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| 99 | <listitem>
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| 100 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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| 101 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which would produce unoptimized
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| 102 | binaries.</para>
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| 103 | </listitem>
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| 104 | </varlistentry>
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| 105 |
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[cba2d4e] | 106 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 107 | <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 108 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 109 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 110 | </listitem>
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| 111 | </varlistentry>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 114 | <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 115 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 116 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 117 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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| 118 | the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
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| 119 | everything is done manually.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 120 | </listitem>
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| 121 | </varlistentry>
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| 122 |
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[e88a471b] | 123 | <varlistentry>
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| 124 | <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
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| 125 | <listitem>
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| 126 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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| 127 | </listitem>
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| 128 | </varlistentry>
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| 129 |
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[cba2d4e] | 130 | <varlistentry>
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[0d84af1] | 131 | <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 132 | <listitem>
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[0d84af1] | 133 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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| 134 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
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| 135 | distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
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| 136 | if the described feature is desired.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 137 | </listitem>
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| 138 | </varlistentry>
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| 139 |
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[1118b17] | 140 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 141 | <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
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[1118b17] | 142 | <listitem>
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| 143 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 144 | services responsible for setting up the
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| 145 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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| 146 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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[0d84af1] | 147 | were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 148 | </listitem>
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| 149 | </varlistentry>
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| 150 |
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[c556e59] | 151 | <varlistentry>
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| 152 | <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 153 | <listitem>
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| 154 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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| 155 | for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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| 156 | </listitem>
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| 157 | </varlistentry>
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[c06f49a] | 158 |
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| 159 | <varlistentry>
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| 160 | <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
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| 161 | <listitem>
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| 162 | <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
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| 163 | the scope of LFS.</para>
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| 164 | </listitem>
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| 165 | </varlistentry>
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| 166 |
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[35e0479] | 167 | <varlistentry>
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| 168 | <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
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| 169 | <listitem>
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| 170 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
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| 171 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
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| 172 | from a tarball later.</para>
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| 173 | </listitem>
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| 174 | </varlistentry>
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| 175 |
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[fe42b2f] | 176 | <varlistentry>
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| 177 | <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
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| 178 | <listitem>
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| 179 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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| 180 | </para>
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| 181 | </listitem>
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| 182 | </varlistentry>
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| 183 |
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[cba2d4e] | 184 | </variablelist>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 187 |
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[fc199db] | 188 | <screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
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[f896e21c] | 189 |
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| 190 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 191 |
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[81ed05f] | 192 | <screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 193 |
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[35e0479] | 194 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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[c556e59] | 195 |
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[35e0479] | 196 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
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[c556e59] | 197 |
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[4f8ae861] | 198 | <para>Remove a useless directory:</para>
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[a815ec7] | 199 |
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| 200 | <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rf /usr/lib/pam.d</userinput></screen>
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| 201 |
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[cba2d4e] | 202 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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[1118b17] | 203 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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[053b206] | 204 |
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[15f0f21] | 205 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 206 |
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[8a0d39ee] | 207 | <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
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| 208 |
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| 209 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
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[777b5cb] | 210 |
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| 211 | <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
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| 212 | use a network configuration other than what is provided by
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| 213 | systemd-networkd:</para>
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| 214 | <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
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| 215 |
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| 216 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
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| 217 |
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[a815ec7] | 218 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
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| 219 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
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| 220 | <!--
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[777b5cb] | 221 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
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| 222 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
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[c06f49a] | 223 |
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| 224 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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[a815ec7] | 225 | -->
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[777b5cb] | 226 |
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[f896e21c] | 227 | </sect2>
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| 228 |
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[cba2d4e] | 229 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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[1118b17] | 230 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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[f896e21c] | 231 |
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| 232 | <segmentedlist>
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| 233 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 234 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 235 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <seglistitem>
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[78cc3be] | 238 | <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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| 239 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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[d7a9421] | 240 | machinectl, networkctl, oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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[78cc3be] | 241 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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| 242 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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| 243 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
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[1118b17] | 244 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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[d7a9421] | 245 | systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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| 246 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
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| 247 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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[78cc3be] | 248 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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[c06f49a] | 249 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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[d7a9421] | 250 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
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| 251 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
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| 252 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
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| 253 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
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[1118b17] | 254 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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[78cc3be] | 255 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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[d7a9421] | 256 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
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[a840e59] | 257 | and libudev.so</seg>
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[cba2d4e] | 258 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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| 259 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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[d7a9421] | 260 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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[2ca70d33] | 261 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
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| 262 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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| 263 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
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[1118b17] | 264 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
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| 265 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
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[f896e21c] | 266 | </seglistitem>
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| 267 | </segmentedlist>
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| 268 |
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| 269 | <variablelist>
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| 270 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 271 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 272 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 273 |
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[cba2d4e] | 274 | <varlistentry id="bootctl">
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| 275 | <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
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| 276 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 277 | <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
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| 279 | <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
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| 280 | </indexterm>
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| 281 | </listitem>
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| 282 | </varlistentry>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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| 285 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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| 286 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 287 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 288 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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| 289 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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| 290 | </indexterm>
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| 291 | </listitem>
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| 292 | </varlistentry>
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| 293 |
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[1118b17] | 294 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
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| 295 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
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| 296 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 297 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
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[1118b17] | 298 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
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| 299 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
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| 300 | </indexterm>
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| 301 | </listitem>
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| 302 | </varlistentry>
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| 303 |
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[cba2d4e] | 304 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 305 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 306 | <listitem>
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| 307 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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| 308 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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| 309 | then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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| 310 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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[1118b17] | 311 | brought down</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 312 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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| 313 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 314 | </indexterm>
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| 315 | </listitem>
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| 316 | </varlistentry>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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| 319 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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| 320 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 321 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
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[1118b17] | 322 | settings</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 323 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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| 324 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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| 325 | </indexterm>
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| 326 | </listitem>
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| 327 | </varlistentry>
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| 328 |
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| 329 | <varlistentry id="init">
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| 330 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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| 331 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 332 | <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
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[0d84af1] | 333 | the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
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[9e7475a] | 334 | processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
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[8d35535] | 335 | systemd</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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| 337 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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| 338 | </indexterm>
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| 339 | </listitem>
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| 340 | </varlistentry>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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| 343 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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| 344 | <listitem>
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[9e7475a] | 345 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 346 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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| 347 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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| 348 | </indexterm>
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| 349 | </listitem>
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| 350 | </varlistentry>
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| 351 |
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| 352 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
|
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| 353 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
|
---|
| 354 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 355 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
|
---|
[8d35535] | 356 | from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 357 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
|
---|
| 358 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
|
---|
| 359 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 360 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 361 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 362 |
|
---|
| 363 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
|
---|
| 364 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 365 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 366 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
---|
[1118b17] | 367 | settings</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 368 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
---|
| 369 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
---|
| 370 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 371 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 372 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 373 |
|
---|
| 374 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
---|
| 375 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 376 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 377 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
---|
[1118b17] | 378 | Manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 379 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
---|
| 380 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
---|
| 381 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 382 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 383 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 384 |
|
---|
| 385 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
---|
| 386 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 387 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 388 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 389 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
---|
| 390 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
---|
| 391 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
---|
| 392 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 393 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 394 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 395 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 396 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
---|
| 397 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 398 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 399 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
---|
| 400 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 401 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
| 402 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
| 403 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 404 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 405 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 406 |
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 407 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
---|
| 408 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 409 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 410 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
---|
| 411 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
---|
| 412 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
---|
| 413 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 414 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 415 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 416 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 417 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
| 418 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 419 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 420 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 421 | system</para>
|
---|
| 422 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
| 423 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
| 424 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 425 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 426 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 427 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 428 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
| 429 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
| 430 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 431 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
[1118b17] | 432 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 433 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
| 434 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
| 435 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 436 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 437 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 438 |
|
---|
| 439 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
| 440 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 441 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 442 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
[1118b17] | 443 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 444 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
| 445 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 446 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 447 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 448 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 449 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 450 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
| 451 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
| 452 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 453 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
[93058448] | 454 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 455 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
| 456 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
| 457 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 458 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 459 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 460 |
|
---|
| 461 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
| 462 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 463 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 464 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
| 465 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
[8d35535] | 466 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 467 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
| 468 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
| 469 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 470 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 471 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 472 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 473 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
| 474 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 475 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 476 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
[02776dff] | 477 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 478 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
| 479 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 480 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 481 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 482 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 483 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 484 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
| 485 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 486 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 487 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
---|
| 488 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 489 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
| 490 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 491 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 492 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 493 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 494 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 495 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
| 496 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 497 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 498 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
[1118b17] | 499 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 500 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
| 501 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
| 502 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 503 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 504 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 505 |
|
---|
| 506 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 507 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
| 508 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 509 | <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
|
---|
| 510 | boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 511 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 512 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
| 513 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 514 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 515 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 516 |
|
---|
| 517 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 518 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
| 519 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 520 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
[1118b17] | 521 | using a question message specified on the command line</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 522 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 523 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
| 524 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 525 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 526 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 527 |
|
---|
| 528 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 529 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
| 530 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 531 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
---|
[8d35535] | 532 | with the systemd journal
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 533 | </para>
|
---|
| 534 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 535 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
| 536 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 537 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 538 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 539 |
|
---|
| 540 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 541 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
| 542 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 543 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
| 544 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 545 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 546 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
| 547 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 548 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 549 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 550 |
|
---|
| 551 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 552 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
| 553 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 554 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
| 555 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 556 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 557 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
| 558 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 559 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 560 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 561 |
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 562 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
|
---|
| 563 | <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
|
---|
| 564 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 565 | <para>Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
|
---|
| 566 | as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys</para>
|
---|
| 567 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
|
---|
| 568 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
|
---|
| 569 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 570 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 571 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 572 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 573 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 574 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
| 575 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 576 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 577 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
|
---|
[1118b17] | 578 | counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 579 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 580 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
| 581 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 582 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 583 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 584 |
|
---|
| 585 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 586 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
| 587 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 588 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
---|
[8d35535] | 589 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 590 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 591 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
| 592 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 593 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 594 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 595 |
|
---|
[22009fb] | 596 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
---|
| 597 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
---|
| 598 | <listitem>
|
---|
[8d35535] | 599 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
---|
[22009fb] | 600 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
---|
| 601 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
---|
| 602 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 603 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 604 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 605 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 606 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 607 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
| 608 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 609 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
[1118b17] | 610 | names</para>
|
---|
| 611 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 612 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
| 613 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 614 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 615 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 616 |
|
---|
| 617 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 618 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
| 619 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 620 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 621 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 622 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
| 623 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 624 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 625 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 626 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 627 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 628 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
| 629 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 630 | <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 631 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 632 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
| 633 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 634 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 635 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 636 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 637 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 638 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
| 639 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 640 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
| 641 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
---|
[8d35535] | 642 | until the process is completed</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 643 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 644 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
| 645 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 646 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 647 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 648 |
|
---|
| 649 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 650 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
| 651 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 652 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
[1118b17] | 653 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
| 654 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 655 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 656 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
| 657 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 658 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 659 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 660 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 661 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 662 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
| 663 | <listitem>
|
---|
[8d35535] | 664 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 665 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 666 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
| 667 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 668 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 669 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 670 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 671 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 672 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
| 673 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 674 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
|
---|
[1118b17] | 675 | changes</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 676 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 677 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
| 678 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 679 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 680 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 681 |
|
---|
| 682 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 683 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
| 684 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 685 | <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
[1118b17] | 686 | container</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 687 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 688 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
| 689 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 690 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 691 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 692 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 693 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
| 694 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
| 695 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 696 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 697 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
| 698 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
| 699 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 700 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 701 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 702 |
|
---|
[c06f49a] | 703 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
---|
| 704 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
---|
| 705 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 706 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
---|
[8d35535] | 707 | systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
---|
[c06f49a] | 708 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
---|
| 709 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
---|
| 710 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 711 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 712 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 713 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 714 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 715 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
| 716 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 717 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
[1118b17] | 718 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
| 719 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 720 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
| 721 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 722 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 723 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 724 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 725 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
| 726 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
| 727 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 728 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
---|
| 729 | unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
|
---|
[8d35535] | 730 | validating systemd units</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 731 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
| 732 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
| 733 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 734 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 735 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 736 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 737 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 738 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
| 739 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 740 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
[8d35535] | 741 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 742 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 743 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
| 744 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 745 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 746 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 747 |
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 748 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
---|
| 749 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
---|
| 750 | <listitem>
|
---|
[871fd2f] | 751 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
---|
[d7a9421] | 752 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
---|
| 753 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
---|
| 754 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 755 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 756 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 757 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 758 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 759 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
| 760 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 761 | <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
| 762 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
| 763 | specified in
|
---|
| 764 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 765 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 766 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
| 767 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 768 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 769 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 770 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 771 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 772 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
| 773 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 774 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 775 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 776 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
| 777 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 778 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 779 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 780 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 781 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 782 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 783 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 784 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
---|
| 785 | requests</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 786 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 787 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
| 788 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 789 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 790 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 791 |
|
---|
| 792 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
| 793 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
| 794 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 795 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
| 796 | to</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 797 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
| 798 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
| 799 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 800 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 801 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 802 |
|
---|
| 803 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
| 804 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 805 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 806 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 807 | </para>
|
---|
| 808 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
| 809 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 810 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 811 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 812 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 813 |
|
---|
| 814 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
| 815 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
| 816 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 817 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
---|
| 818 | daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
|
---|
| 819 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
---|
| 820 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 821 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 822 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
| 823 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 824 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 825 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 826 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 827 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
| 828 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 829 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 830 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 831 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
| 832 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 833 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 834 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 835 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 836 |
|
---|
| 837 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
| 838 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
| 839 | <listitem>
|
---|
[9e7475a] | 840 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 841 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 842 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
| 843 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 844 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 845 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 846 |
|
---|
| 847 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 848 |
|
---|
| 849 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 850 |
|
---|
| 851 | </sect1>
|
---|