1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
---|
2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
---|
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
5 | %general-entities;
|
---|
6 | ]>
|
---|
7 |
|
---|
8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
|
---|
9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
|
---|
10 |
|
---|
11 | <sect1info condition="script">
|
---|
12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
|
---|
13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
|
---|
14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
|
---|
15 | </sect1info>
|
---|
16 |
|
---|
17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
|
---|
18 |
|
---|
19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
|
---|
20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
|
---|
21 | </indexterm>
|
---|
22 |
|
---|
23 | <sect2 role="package">
|
---|
24 | <title/>
|
---|
25 |
|
---|
26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
|
---|
27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
|
---|
28 |
|
---|
29 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
|
---|
31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
|
---|
32 |
|
---|
33 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
|
---|
35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
|
---|
36 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
37 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
38 | </sect2>
|
---|
39 |
|
---|
40 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
---|
41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
|
---|
42 |
|
---|
43 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
|
---|
44 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
|
---|
45 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
|
---|
46 | rules:</para>
|
---|
47 |
|
---|
48 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
|
---|
49 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
|
---|
50 |
|
---|
51 | <para>Next, fix compatibility with API headers from linux-6.9 and later:</para>
|
---|
52 |
|
---|
53 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/DEVMEM_MAGIC 0/{n;n;a \
|
---|
54 | /* cb12fd8e0dabb9a1c8aef55a6a41e2c255fcdf4b (6.8) */
|
---|
55 | #ifndef PID_FS_MAGIC \
|
---|
56 | #define PID_FS_MAGIC 0x50494446 \
|
---|
57 | #endif
|
---|
58 | }' src/basic/missing_magic.h
|
---|
59 |
|
---|
60 | sed -i '/OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC/a \
|
---|
61 | pidfs, {PID_FS_MAGIC}' src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf</userinput></screen>
|
---|
62 |
|
---|
63 | <!-- https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/30549 -->
|
---|
64 | <para>Now fix a security vulnerability in the DNSSEC verification of
|
---|
65 | <command>systemd-resolved</command> and a bug breaking running
|
---|
66 | <command>systemd-analyze verify</command> on an instantiated systemd
|
---|
67 | unit:</para>
|
---|
68 |
|
---|
69 | <screen><userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
|
---|
70 |
|
---|
71 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
|
---|
72 |
|
---|
73 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
|
---|
74 | cd build
|
---|
75 |
|
---|
76 | meson setup \
|
---|
77 | --prefix=/usr \
|
---|
78 | --buildtype=release \
|
---|
79 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
|
---|
80 | -Dfirstboot=false \
|
---|
81 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
|
---|
82 | -Dldconfig=false \
|
---|
83 | -Dsysusers=false \
|
---|
84 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
|
---|
85 | -Dhomed=disabled \
|
---|
86 | -Duserdb=false \
|
---|
87 | -Dman=disabled \
|
---|
88 | -Dmode=release \
|
---|
89 | -Dpamconfdir=no \
|
---|
90 | -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
|
---|
91 | -Dnobody-group=nogroup \
|
---|
92 | -Dsysupdate=disabled \
|
---|
93 | -Dukify=disabled \
|
---|
94 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
|
---|
95 | ..</userinput></screen>
|
---|
96 |
|
---|
97 | <variablelist>
|
---|
98 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
|
---|
99 |
|
---|
100 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
101 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
|
---|
102 | <listitem>
|
---|
103 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
|
---|
104 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
|
---|
105 | binaries.</para>
|
---|
106 | </listitem>
|
---|
107 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
108 |
|
---|
109 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
110 | <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
|
---|
111 | <listitem>
|
---|
112 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
|
---|
113 | </listitem>
|
---|
114 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
115 |
|
---|
116 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
117 | <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
|
---|
118 | <listitem>
|
---|
119 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
|
---|
120 | services responsible for setting up the system for
|
---|
121 | the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
|
---|
122 | everything is done manually.</para>
|
---|
123 | </listitem>
|
---|
124 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
125 |
|
---|
126 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
127 | <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
|
---|
128 | <listitem>
|
---|
129 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
|
---|
130 | </listitem>
|
---|
131 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
132 |
|
---|
133 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
134 | <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
|
---|
135 | <listitem>
|
---|
136 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
|
---|
137 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
|
---|
138 | distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
|
---|
139 | this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
|
---|
140 | </listitem>
|
---|
141 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
142 |
|
---|
143 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
144 | <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
|
---|
145 | <listitem>
|
---|
146 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
|
---|
147 | services responsible for setting up the
|
---|
148 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
|
---|
149 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
|
---|
150 | were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
|
---|
151 | on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
|
---|
152 | </listitem>
|
---|
153 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
154 |
|
---|
155 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
156 | <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
|
---|
157 | <listitem>
|
---|
158 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
|
---|
159 | for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
|
---|
160 | </listitem>
|
---|
161 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
162 |
|
---|
163 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
164 | <term><parameter>-Dhomed=disabled</parameter> and
|
---|
165 | <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter></term>
|
---|
166 | <listitem>
|
---|
167 | <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
|
---|
168 | within the scope of LFS.</para>
|
---|
169 | </listitem>
|
---|
170 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
171 |
|
---|
172 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
173 | <term><parameter>-Dman=disabled</parameter></term>
|
---|
174 | <listitem>
|
---|
175 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
|
---|
176 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
|
---|
177 | from a tarball.</para>
|
---|
178 | </listitem>
|
---|
179 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
180 |
|
---|
181 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
182 | <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
|
---|
183 | <listitem>
|
---|
184 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
|
---|
185 | </para>
|
---|
186 | </listitem>
|
---|
187 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
188 |
|
---|
189 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
190 | <term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
|
---|
191 | <listitem>
|
---|
192 | <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
|
---|
193 | functional on LFS.</para>
|
---|
194 | </listitem>
|
---|
195 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
196 |
|
---|
197 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
198 | <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
|
---|
199 | <listitem>
|
---|
200 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
|
---|
201 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
|
---|
202 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
|
---|
203 | </listitem>
|
---|
204 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
205 |
|
---|
206 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
207 | <term><parameter>-Dnobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
|
---|
208 | <listitem>
|
---|
209 | <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
|
---|
210 | <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
|
---|
211 | </listitem>
|
---|
212 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
213 |
|
---|
214 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
215 | <term><parameter>-Dsysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
|
---|
216 | <listitem>
|
---|
217 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
|
---|
218 | tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
|
---|
219 | so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
|
---|
220 | And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
|
---|
221 | configured.</para>
|
---|
222 | </listitem>
|
---|
223 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
224 |
|
---|
225 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
226 | <term><parameter>-Dukify=disabled</parameter></term>
|
---|
227 | <listitem>
|
---|
228 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
|
---|
229 | At runtime this script requires the
|
---|
230 | <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
|
---|
231 | nor BLFS provides.</para>
|
---|
232 | </listitem>
|
---|
233 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
234 |
|
---|
235 | </variablelist>
|
---|
236 |
|
---|
237 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
|
---|
238 |
|
---|
239 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
|
---|
240 |
|
---|
241 | <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
|
---|
242 | To test the results, issue:</para>
|
---|
243 |
|
---|
244 | <screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' > /etc/os-release
|
---|
245 | ninja test</userinput></screen>
|
---|
246 |
|
---|
247 | <!-- This test needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
|
---|
248 | after initializing the system with systemd. -->
|
---|
249 | <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
|
---|
250 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some other tests may
|
---|
251 | fail because they depend on various kernel configuration options.</para>
|
---|
252 |
|
---|
253 | <para>Install the package:</para>
|
---|
254 |
|
---|
255 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
|
---|
256 |
|
---|
257 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
|
---|
258 |
|
---|
259 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
|
---|
260 | component in the path. -->
|
---|
261 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
|
---|
262 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
|
---|
263 | -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
|
---|
264 |
|
---|
265 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
|
---|
266 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
|
---|
267 |
|
---|
268 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
|
---|
269 |
|
---|
270 | <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
|
---|
271 |
|
---|
272 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
|
---|
273 |
|
---|
274 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
|
---|
275 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
|
---|
276 | <!--
|
---|
277 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
|
---|
278 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
|
---|
279 |
|
---|
280 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
|
---|
281 | -->
|
---|
282 |
|
---|
283 | </sect2>
|
---|
284 |
|
---|
285 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
|
---|
286 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
|
---|
287 |
|
---|
288 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
289 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
---|
290 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
291 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
|
---|
292 |
|
---|
293 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
294 | <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
|
---|
295 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
|
---|
296 | machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
|
---|
297 | oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
|
---|
298 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
|
---|
299 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
|
---|
300 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
|
---|
301 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
|
---|
302 | systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
|
---|
303 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
|
---|
304 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
|
---|
305 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
|
---|
306 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
|
---|
307 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
|
---|
308 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
|
---|
309 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
|
---|
310 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
|
---|
311 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
|
---|
312 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
|
---|
313 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
|
---|
314 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
|
---|
315 | and libudev.so</seg>
|
---|
316 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
|
---|
317 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
|
---|
318 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
|
---|
319 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
|
---|
320 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
|
---|
321 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
|
---|
322 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
|
---|
323 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
|
---|
324 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
325 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
326 |
|
---|
327 | <variablelist>
|
---|
328 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
329 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
330 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
331 |
|
---|
332 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
|
---|
333 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
|
---|
334 | <listitem>
|
---|
335 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
|
---|
336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
|
---|
337 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
|
---|
338 | </indexterm>
|
---|
339 | </listitem>
|
---|
340 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
341 |
|
---|
342 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
|
---|
343 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
|
---|
344 | <listitem>
|
---|
345 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
|
---|
346 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
|
---|
347 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
|
---|
348 | </indexterm>
|
---|
349 | </listitem>
|
---|
350 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
351 |
|
---|
352 | <varlistentry id="halt">
|
---|
353 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
|
---|
354 | <listitem>
|
---|
355 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
|
---|
356 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
|
---|
357 | when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
|
---|
358 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
|
---|
359 | brought down</para>
|
---|
360 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
|
---|
361 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
|
---|
362 | </indexterm>
|
---|
363 | </listitem>
|
---|
364 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
365 |
|
---|
366 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
|
---|
367 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
|
---|
368 | <listitem>
|
---|
369 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
|
---|
370 | settings</para>
|
---|
371 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
|
---|
372 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
|
---|
373 | </indexterm>
|
---|
374 | </listitem>
|
---|
375 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
376 |
|
---|
377 | <varlistentry id="init">
|
---|
378 | <term><command>init</command></term>
|
---|
379 | <listitem>
|
---|
380 | <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
|
---|
381 | the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
|
---|
382 | processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
|
---|
383 | systemd</para>
|
---|
384 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
|
---|
385 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
|
---|
386 | </indexterm>
|
---|
387 | </listitem>
|
---|
388 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
389 |
|
---|
390 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
|
---|
391 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
|
---|
392 | <listitem>
|
---|
393 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
|
---|
394 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
|
---|
395 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
|
---|
396 | </indexterm>
|
---|
397 | </listitem>
|
---|
398 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
399 |
|
---|
400 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
|
---|
401 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
|
---|
402 | <listitem>
|
---|
403 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
|
---|
404 | from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
|
---|
405 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
|
---|
406 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
|
---|
407 | </indexterm>
|
---|
408 | </listitem>
|
---|
409 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
410 |
|
---|
411 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
|
---|
412 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
---|
413 | <listitem>
|
---|
414 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
---|
415 | settings</para>
|
---|
416 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
---|
417 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
---|
418 | </indexterm>
|
---|
419 | </listitem>
|
---|
420 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
421 |
|
---|
422 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
---|
423 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
---|
424 | <listitem>
|
---|
425 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
---|
426 | Manager</para>
|
---|
427 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
---|
428 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
---|
429 | </indexterm>
|
---|
430 | </listitem>
|
---|
431 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
432 |
|
---|
433 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
---|
434 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
---|
435 | <listitem>
|
---|
436 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
---|
437 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
---|
438 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
---|
439 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
---|
440 | </indexterm>
|
---|
441 | </listitem>
|
---|
442 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
---|
445 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
446 | <listitem>
|
---|
447 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
---|
448 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
449 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
450 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
452 | </listitem>
|
---|
453 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
454 |
|
---|
455 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
---|
456 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
---|
457 | <listitem>
|
---|
458 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
---|
459 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
---|
460 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
---|
461 | </indexterm>
|
---|
462 | </listitem>
|
---|
463 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
466 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
467 | <listitem>
|
---|
468 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
469 | system</para>
|
---|
470 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
471 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
472 | </indexterm>
|
---|
473 | </listitem>
|
---|
474 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
475 |
|
---|
476 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
477 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
478 | <listitem>
|
---|
479 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
480 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
481 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
482 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
483 | </indexterm>
|
---|
484 | </listitem>
|
---|
485 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
486 |
|
---|
487 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
488 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
489 | <listitem>
|
---|
490 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
491 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
492 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
493 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
494 | </indexterm>
|
---|
495 | </listitem>
|
---|
496 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
497 |
|
---|
498 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
499 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
500 | <listitem>
|
---|
501 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
502 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
503 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
504 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
505 | </indexterm>
|
---|
506 | </listitem>
|
---|
507 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
510 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
511 | <listitem>
|
---|
512 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
513 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
514 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
---|
515 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
516 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
517 | </indexterm>
|
---|
518 | </listitem>
|
---|
519 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
520 |
|
---|
521 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
522 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
523 | <listitem>
|
---|
524 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
525 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
526 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
527 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
528 | </indexterm>
|
---|
529 | </listitem>
|
---|
530 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
531 |
|
---|
532 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
533 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
534 | <listitem>
|
---|
535 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
---|
536 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
537 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
538 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
539 | </indexterm>
|
---|
540 | </listitem>
|
---|
541 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
544 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
545 | <listitem>
|
---|
546 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
547 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
548 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
549 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
550 | </indexterm>
|
---|
551 | </listitem>
|
---|
552 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
553 |
|
---|
554 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
555 | <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
|
---|
556 | <listitem>
|
---|
557 | <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
|
---|
558 | power source.</para>
|
---|
559 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
560 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
|
---|
561 | </indexterm>
|
---|
562 | </listitem>
|
---|
563 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
566 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
567 | <listitem>
|
---|
568 | <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
|
---|
569 | as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
---|
570 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
571 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
572 | </indexterm>
|
---|
573 | </listitem>
|
---|
574 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
575 |
|
---|
576 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
577 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
578 | <listitem>
|
---|
579 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
580 | using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
|
---|
581 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
582 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
583 | </indexterm>
|
---|
584 | </listitem>
|
---|
585 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
586 |
|
---|
587 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
588 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
589 | <listitem>
|
---|
590 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
---|
591 | with the systemd journal
|
---|
592 | </para>
|
---|
593 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
594 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
595 | </indexterm>
|
---|
596 | </listitem>
|
---|
597 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
598 |
|
---|
599 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
600 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
601 | <listitem>
|
---|
602 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
603 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
604 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
605 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
606 | </indexterm>
|
---|
607 | </listitem>
|
---|
608 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
611 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
612 | <listitem>
|
---|
613 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
614 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
|
---|
615 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
616 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
617 | </indexterm>
|
---|
618 | </listitem>
|
---|
619 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
620 |
|
---|
621 | <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
|
---|
622 | <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
|
---|
623 | <listitem>
|
---|
624 | <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
|
---|
625 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
|
---|
626 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
|
---|
627 | </indexterm>
|
---|
628 | </listitem>
|
---|
629 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
630 |
|
---|
631 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
632 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
633 | <listitem>
|
---|
634 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
635 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
|
---|
636 | in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
637 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
638 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
639 | </indexterm>
|
---|
640 | </listitem>
|
---|
641 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
644 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
645 | <listitem>
|
---|
646 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
---|
647 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
---|
648 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
649 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
650 | </indexterm>
|
---|
651 | </listitem>
|
---|
652 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
653 |
|
---|
654 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
---|
655 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
---|
656 | <listitem>
|
---|
657 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
---|
658 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
---|
659 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
---|
660 | </indexterm>
|
---|
661 | </listitem>
|
---|
662 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
665 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
666 | <listitem>
|
---|
667 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
668 | names</para>
|
---|
669 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
670 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
671 | </indexterm>
|
---|
672 | </listitem>
|
---|
673 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
674 |
|
---|
675 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
676 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
677 | <listitem>
|
---|
678 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
679 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
680 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
681 | </indexterm>
|
---|
682 | </listitem>
|
---|
683 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
684 |
|
---|
685 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
686 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
687 | <listitem>
|
---|
688 | <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
|
---|
689 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
690 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
691 | </indexterm>
|
---|
692 | </listitem>
|
---|
693 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
694 |
|
---|
695 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
696 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
697 | <listitem>
|
---|
698 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
699 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
---|
700 | until the process is completed</para>
|
---|
701 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
702 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
703 | </indexterm>
|
---|
704 | </listitem>
|
---|
705 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
706 |
|
---|
707 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
708 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
709 | <listitem>
|
---|
710 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
711 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
712 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
713 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
714 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
715 | </indexterm>
|
---|
716 | </listitem>
|
---|
717 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
718 |
|
---|
719 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
720 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
721 | <listitem>
|
---|
722 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
---|
723 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
724 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
725 | </indexterm>
|
---|
726 | </listitem>
|
---|
727 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
728 |
|
---|
729 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
730 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
731 | <listitem>
|
---|
732 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
|
---|
733 | changes</para>
|
---|
734 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
735 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
736 | </indexterm>
|
---|
737 | </listitem>
|
---|
738 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
739 |
|
---|
740 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
741 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
742 | <listitem>
|
---|
743 | <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
744 | container</para>
|
---|
745 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
746 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
747 | </indexterm>
|
---|
748 | </listitem>
|
---|
749 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
750 |
|
---|
751 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
752 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
753 | <listitem>
|
---|
754 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
755 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
756 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
757 | </indexterm>
|
---|
758 | </listitem>
|
---|
759 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
760 |
|
---|
761 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
---|
762 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
---|
763 | <listitem>
|
---|
764 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
---|
765 | systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
---|
766 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
---|
767 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
---|
768 | </indexterm>
|
---|
769 | </listitem>
|
---|
770 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
771 |
|
---|
772 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
773 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
774 | <listitem>
|
---|
775 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
776 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
777 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
778 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
779 | </indexterm>
|
---|
780 | </listitem>
|
---|
781 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
782 |
|
---|
783 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
784 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
785 | <listitem>
|
---|
786 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
---|
787 | unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
|
---|
788 | validating systemd units</para>
|
---|
789 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
790 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
791 | </indexterm>
|
---|
792 | </listitem>
|
---|
793 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
796 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
797 | <listitem>
|
---|
798 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
799 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
---|
800 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
801 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
802 | </indexterm>
|
---|
803 | </listitem>
|
---|
804 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
805 |
|
---|
806 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
---|
807 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
---|
808 | <listitem>
|
---|
809 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
---|
810 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
---|
811 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
---|
812 | </indexterm>
|
---|
813 | </listitem>
|
---|
814 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
815 |
|
---|
816 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
817 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
818 | <listitem>
|
---|
819 | <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
820 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
821 | specified in
|
---|
822 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
823 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
824 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
825 | </indexterm>
|
---|
826 | </listitem>
|
---|
827 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
828 |
|
---|
829 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
830 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
831 | <listitem>
|
---|
832 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
---|
833 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
834 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
835 | </indexterm>
|
---|
836 | </listitem>
|
---|
837 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
838 |
|
---|
839 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
840 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
841 | <listitem>
|
---|
842 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
---|
843 | requests</para>
|
---|
844 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
845 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
846 | </indexterm>
|
---|
847 | </listitem>
|
---|
848 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
849 |
|
---|
850 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
851 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
852 | <listitem>
|
---|
853 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
854 | to</para>
|
---|
855 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
856 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
857 | </indexterm>
|
---|
858 | </listitem>
|
---|
859 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
860 |
|
---|
861 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
862 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
863 | <listitem>
|
---|
864 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
865 | </para>
|
---|
866 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
867 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
868 | </indexterm>
|
---|
869 | </listitem>
|
---|
870 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
871 |
|
---|
872 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
873 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
874 | <listitem>
|
---|
875 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
---|
876 | daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
|
---|
877 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
---|
878 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
---|
879 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
880 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
881 | </indexterm>
|
---|
882 | </listitem>
|
---|
883 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
884 |
|
---|
885 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
886 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
887 | <listitem>
|
---|
888 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
889 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
890 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
891 | </indexterm>
|
---|
892 | </listitem>
|
---|
893 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
894 |
|
---|
895 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
896 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
897 | <listitem>
|
---|
898 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
899 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
900 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
901 | </indexterm>
|
---|
902 | </listitem>
|
---|
903 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
904 |
|
---|
905 | </variablelist>
|
---|
906 |
|
---|
907 | </sect2>
|
---|
908 |
|
---|
909 | </sect1>
|
---|