| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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| 27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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| 34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
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| 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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| 44 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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| 45 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 46 | rules:</para>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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| 49 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 50 | <!--
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| 51 | <para>Next, fix compatibility with linux-6.9 and later:</para>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/DEVMEM_MAGIC 0/{n;n;a \
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| 54 | /* cb12fd8e0dabb9a1c8aef55a6a41e2c255fcdf4b (6.8) */
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| 55 | #ifndef PID_FS_MAGIC \
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| 56 | #define PID_FS_MAGIC 0x50494446 \
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| 57 | #endif
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| 58 | }' src/basic/missing_magic.h
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| 59 |
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| 60 | sed -i '/OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC/a \
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| 61 | pidfs, {PID_FS_MAGIC}' src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf</userinput></screen>
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| 62 | -->
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| 63 | <!-- https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/30549 -->
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| 64 | <!--
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| 65 | <para>Now fix a security vulnerability in the DNSSEC verification of
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| 66 | <command>systemd-resolved</command> and a bug breaking running
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| 67 | <command>systemd-analyze verify</command> on an instantiated systemd
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| 68 | unit:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 71 | -->
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| 72 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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| 75 | cd build
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| 76 |
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| 77 | meson setup \
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| 78 | --prefix=/usr \
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| 79 | --buildtype=release \
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| 80 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 81 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 82 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 83 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 84 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 85 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 86 | -Dhomed=disabled \
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| 87 | -Duserdb=false \
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| 88 | -Dman=disabled \
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| 89 | -Dmode=release \
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| 90 | -Dpamconfdir=no \
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| 91 | -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
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| 92 | -Dnobody-group=nogroup \
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| 93 | -Dsysupdate=disabled \
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| 94 | -Dukify=disabled \
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| 95 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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| 96 | ..</userinput></screen>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <variablelist>
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| 99 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <varlistentry>
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| 102 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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| 103 | <listitem>
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| 104 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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| 105 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
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| 106 | binaries.</para>
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| 107 | </listitem>
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| 108 | </varlistentry>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <varlistentry>
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| 111 | <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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| 112 | <listitem>
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| 113 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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| 114 | </listitem>
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| 115 | </varlistentry>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <varlistentry>
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| 118 | <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
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| 119 | <listitem>
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| 120 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 121 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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| 122 | the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
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| 123 | everything is done manually.</para>
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| 124 | </listitem>
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| 125 | </varlistentry>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <varlistentry>
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| 128 | <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
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| 129 | <listitem>
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| 130 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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| 131 | </listitem>
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| 132 | </varlistentry>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <varlistentry>
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| 135 | <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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| 136 | <listitem>
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| 137 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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| 138 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
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| 139 | distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
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| 140 | this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
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| 141 | </listitem>
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| 142 | </varlistentry>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <varlistentry>
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| 145 | <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
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| 146 | <listitem>
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| 147 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 148 | services responsible for setting up the
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| 149 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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| 150 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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| 151 | were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
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| 152 | on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
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| 153 | </listitem>
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| 154 | </varlistentry>
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <varlistentry>
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| 157 | <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 158 | <listitem>
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| 159 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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| 160 | for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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| 161 | </listitem>
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| 162 | </varlistentry>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <varlistentry>
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| 165 | <term><parameter>-Dhomed=disabled</parameter> and
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| 166 | <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter></term>
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| 167 | <listitem>
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| 168 | <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
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| 169 | within the scope of LFS.</para>
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| 170 | </listitem>
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| 171 | </varlistentry>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <varlistentry>
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| 174 | <term><parameter>-Dman=disabled</parameter></term>
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| 175 | <listitem>
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| 176 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
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| 177 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
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| 178 | from a tarball.</para>
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| 179 | </listitem>
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| 180 | </varlistentry>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <varlistentry>
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| 183 | <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
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| 184 | <listitem>
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| 185 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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| 186 | </para>
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| 187 | </listitem>
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| 188 | </varlistentry>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <varlistentry>
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| 191 | <term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 192 | <listitem>
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| 193 | <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
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| 194 | functional on LFS.</para>
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| 195 | </listitem>
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| 196 | </varlistentry>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <varlistentry>
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| 199 | <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
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| 200 | <listitem>
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| 201 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
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| 202 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
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| 203 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
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| 204 | </listitem>
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| 205 | </varlistentry>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <varlistentry>
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| 208 | <term><parameter>-Dnobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
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| 209 | <listitem>
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| 210 | <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
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| 211 | <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
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| 212 | </listitem>
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| 213 | </varlistentry>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <varlistentry>
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| 216 | <term><parameter>-Dsysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
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| 217 | <listitem>
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| 218 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
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| 219 | tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
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| 220 | so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
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| 221 | And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
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| 222 | configured.</para>
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| 223 | </listitem>
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| 224 | </varlistentry>
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| 225 |
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| 226 | <varlistentry>
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| 227 | <term><parameter>-Dukify=disabled</parameter></term>
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| 228 | <listitem>
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| 229 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
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| 230 | At runtime this script requires the
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| 231 | <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
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| 232 | nor BLFS provides.</para>
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| 233 | </listitem>
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| 234 | </varlistentry>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | </variablelist>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
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| 241 |
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| 242 | <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
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| 243 | To test the results, issue:</para>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' > /etc/os-release
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| 246 | ninja test</userinput></screen>
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| 247 |
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| 248 | <!-- This test needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
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| 249 | after initializing the system with systemd. -->
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| 250 | <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
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| 251 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Two other tests,
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| 252 | <literal>test-chase</literal> and <literal>test-systemd-tmpfiles</literal>,
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| 253 | are also known to fail. Some other tests may fail because they depend
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| 254 | on various kernel configuration options.</para>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
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| 263 | component in the path. -->
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| 264 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
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| 265 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
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| 266 | -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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| 269 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
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| 276 |
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| 277 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
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| 278 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
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| 279 | <!--
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| 280 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
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| 281 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 284 | -->
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| 285 |
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| 286 | </sect2>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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| 289 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <segmentedlist>
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| 292 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 293 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 294 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <seglistitem>
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| 297 | <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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| 298 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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| 299 | machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
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| 300 | oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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| 301 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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| 302 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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| 303 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
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| 304 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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| 305 | systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
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| 306 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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| 307 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
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| 308 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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| 309 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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| 310 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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| 311 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
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| 312 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
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| 313 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
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| 314 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
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| 315 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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| 316 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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| 317 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
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| 318 | and libudev.so</seg>
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| 319 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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| 320 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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| 321 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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| 322 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
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| 323 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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| 324 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
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| 325 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
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| 326 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
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| 327 | </seglistitem>
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| 328 | </segmentedlist>
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| 329 |
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| 330 | <variablelist>
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| 331 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 332 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 333 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 334 |
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| 335 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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| 336 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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| 337 | <listitem>
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| 338 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
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| 339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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| 340 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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| 341 | </indexterm>
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| 342 | </listitem>
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| 343 | </varlistentry>
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| 344 |
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| 345 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
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| 346 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
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| 347 | <listitem>
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| 348 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
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| 349 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
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| 350 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
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| 351 | </indexterm>
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| 352 | </listitem>
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| 353 | </varlistentry>
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| 354 |
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| 355 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 356 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 357 | <listitem>
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| 358 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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| 359 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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| 360 | when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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| 361 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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| 362 | brought down</para>
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| 363 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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| 364 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 365 | </indexterm>
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| 366 | </listitem>
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| 367 | </varlistentry>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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| 370 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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| 371 | <listitem>
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| 372 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
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| 373 | settings</para>
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| 374 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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| 375 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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| 376 | </indexterm>
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| 377 | </listitem>
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|---|
| 378 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 379 |
|
|---|
| 380 | <varlistentry id="init">
|
|---|
| 381 | <term><command>init</command></term>
|
|---|
| 382 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 383 | <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
|
|---|
| 384 | the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
|
|---|
| 385 | processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
|
|---|
| 386 | systemd</para>
|
|---|
| 387 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
|
|---|
| 388 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
|
|---|
| 389 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 390 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 391 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 392 |
|
|---|
| 393 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
|
|---|
| 394 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 395 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 396 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
|
|---|
| 397 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
|
|---|
| 398 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 399 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 400 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 401 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 402 |
|
|---|
| 403 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
|
|---|
| 404 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
|
|---|
| 405 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 406 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
|
|---|
| 407 | from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
|
|---|
| 408 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
|
|---|
| 409 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
|
|---|
| 410 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 411 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 412 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 413 |
|
|---|
| 414 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
|
|---|
| 415 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 416 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 417 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
|---|
| 418 | settings</para>
|
|---|
| 419 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
|---|
| 420 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 421 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 422 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 423 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 424 |
|
|---|
| 425 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
|---|
| 426 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 427 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 428 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
|---|
| 429 | Manager</para>
|
|---|
| 430 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
|---|
| 431 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 432 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 433 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 434 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 435 |
|
|---|
| 436 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
|---|
| 437 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 438 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 439 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
|---|
| 440 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
|---|
| 441 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
|---|
| 442 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 443 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 444 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 445 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 446 |
|
|---|
| 447 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
|---|
| 448 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 449 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 450 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
|---|
| 451 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
|---|
| 452 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
|---|
| 453 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 454 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 455 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 456 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 457 |
|
|---|
| 458 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
|---|
| 459 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 460 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 461 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
|---|
| 462 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
|---|
| 463 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 464 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 465 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 466 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 467 |
|
|---|
| 468 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
|---|
| 469 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 470 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 471 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
|---|
| 472 | system</para>
|
|---|
| 473 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
|---|
| 474 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 475 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 476 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 477 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
|---|
| 480 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
|---|
| 481 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 482 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
|---|
| 483 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
|---|
| 484 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
|---|
| 485 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
|---|
| 486 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 487 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 488 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 489 |
|
|---|
| 490 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
|---|
| 491 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
|---|
| 492 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 493 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
|---|
| 494 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
|---|
| 495 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
|---|
| 496 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
|---|
| 497 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 498 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 499 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 500 |
|
|---|
| 501 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
|---|
| 502 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
|---|
| 503 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 504 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
|---|
| 505 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
|---|
| 506 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
|---|
| 507 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
|---|
| 508 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 509 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 510 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 511 |
|
|---|
| 512 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
|---|
| 513 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 514 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 515 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
|---|
| 516 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
|---|
| 517 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
|---|
| 518 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
|---|
| 519 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 520 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 521 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 522 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 523 |
|
|---|
| 524 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
|---|
| 525 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
|---|
| 526 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 527 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
|---|
| 528 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
|---|
| 529 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
|---|
| 530 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
|---|
| 531 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 532 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 533 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 534 |
|
|---|
| 535 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
|---|
| 536 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
|---|
| 537 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 538 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
|---|
| 539 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
|---|
| 540 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
|---|
| 541 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
|---|
| 542 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 543 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 544 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 545 |
|
|---|
| 546 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
|---|
| 547 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 548 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 549 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
|---|
| 550 | and service manager</para>
|
|---|
| 551 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
|---|
| 552 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 553 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 554 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 555 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 556 |
|
|---|
| 557 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
|
|---|
| 558 | <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
|
|---|
| 559 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 560 | <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
|
|---|
| 561 | power source.</para>
|
|---|
| 562 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
|
|---|
| 563 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
|
|---|
| 564 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 565 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 566 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 567 |
|
|---|
| 568 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
|---|
| 569 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
|---|
| 570 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 571 | <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
|
|---|
| 572 | as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
|---|
| 573 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
|---|
| 574 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
|---|
| 575 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 576 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 577 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 578 |
|
|---|
| 579 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
|---|
| 580 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
|---|
| 581 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 582 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
|---|
| 583 | using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
|
|---|
| 584 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
|---|
| 585 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
|---|
| 586 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 587 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 588 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 589 |
|
|---|
| 590 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
|---|
| 591 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
|---|
| 592 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 593 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
|---|
| 594 | with the systemd journal
|
|---|
| 595 | </para>
|
|---|
| 596 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
|---|
| 597 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
|---|
| 598 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 599 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 600 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 601 |
|
|---|
| 602 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
|---|
| 603 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
|---|
| 604 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 605 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
|---|
| 606 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
|---|
| 607 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
|---|
| 608 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
|---|
| 609 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 610 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 611 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 612 |
|
|---|
| 613 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
|---|
| 614 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
|---|
| 615 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 616 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
|---|
| 617 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
|
|---|
| 618 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
|---|
| 619 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
|---|
| 620 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 621 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 622 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 623 |
|
|---|
| 624 | <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
|
|---|
| 625 | <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
|
|---|
| 626 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 627 | <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
|
|---|
| 628 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
|
|---|
| 629 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
|
|---|
| 630 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 631 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 632 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 633 |
|
|---|
| 634 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
|---|
| 635 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
|---|
| 636 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 637 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
|---|
| 638 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
|
|---|
| 639 | in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
|---|
| 640 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
|---|
| 641 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
|---|
| 642 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 643 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 644 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 645 |
|
|---|
| 646 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
|---|
| 647 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
|---|
| 648 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 649 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
|---|
| 650 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
|---|
| 651 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
|---|
| 652 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
|---|
| 653 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 654 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 655 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 656 |
|
|---|
| 657 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
|---|
| 658 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
|---|
| 659 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 660 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
|---|
| 661 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
|---|
| 662 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
|---|
| 663 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 664 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 665 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 666 |
|
|---|
| 667 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
|---|
| 668 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
|---|
| 669 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 670 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
|---|
| 671 | names</para>
|
|---|
| 672 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
|---|
| 673 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
|---|
| 674 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 675 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 676 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 677 |
|
|---|
| 678 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
|---|
| 679 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
|---|
| 680 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 681 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
|---|
| 682 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
|---|
| 683 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
|---|
| 684 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 685 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 686 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 687 |
|
|---|
| 688 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
|---|
| 689 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
|---|
| 690 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 691 | <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
|
|---|
| 692 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
|---|
| 693 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
|---|
| 694 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 695 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 696 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 697 |
|
|---|
| 698 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
|---|
| 699 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
|---|
| 700 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 701 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
|---|
| 702 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
|---|
| 703 | until the process is completed</para>
|
|---|
| 704 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
|---|
| 705 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
|---|
| 706 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 707 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 708 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 709 |
|
|---|
| 710 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
|---|
| 711 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
|---|
| 712 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 713 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
|---|
| 714 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
|---|
| 715 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
|---|
| 716 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
|---|
| 717 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
|---|
| 718 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 719 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 720 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 721 |
|
|---|
| 722 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
|---|
| 723 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
|---|
| 724 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 725 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
|---|
| 726 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
|---|
| 727 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
|---|
| 728 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 729 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 730 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 731 |
|
|---|
| 732 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
|---|
| 733 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
|---|
| 734 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 735 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
|
|---|
| 736 | changes</para>
|
|---|
| 737 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
|---|
| 738 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
|---|
| 739 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 740 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 741 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 742 |
|
|---|
| 743 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
|---|
| 744 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
|---|
| 745 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 746 | <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
|
|---|
| 747 | container</para>
|
|---|
| 748 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
|---|
| 749 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
|---|
| 750 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 751 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 752 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 753 |
|
|---|
| 754 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
|---|
| 755 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
|---|
| 756 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 757 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
|---|
| 758 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
|---|
| 759 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
|---|
| 760 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 761 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 762 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 763 |
|
|---|
| 764 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
|---|
| 765 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
|---|
| 766 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 767 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
|---|
| 768 | systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
|---|
| 769 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
|---|
| 770 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
|---|
| 771 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 772 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 773 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 774 |
|
|---|
| 775 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
|---|
| 776 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
|---|
| 777 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 778 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
|---|
| 779 | resource records, and services</para>
|
|---|
| 780 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
|---|
| 781 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
|---|
| 782 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 783 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 784 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 785 |
|
|---|
| 786 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
|---|
| 787 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
|---|
| 788 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 789 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
|---|
| 790 | unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
|
|---|
| 791 | validating systemd units</para>
|
|---|
| 792 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
|---|
| 793 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
|---|
| 794 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 795 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 796 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 797 |
|
|---|
| 798 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
|---|
| 799 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
|---|
| 800 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 801 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
|---|
| 802 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
|---|
| 803 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
|---|
| 804 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
|---|
| 805 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 806 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 807 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 808 |
|
|---|
| 809 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
|---|
| 810 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
|---|
| 811 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 812 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
|---|
| 813 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
|---|
| 814 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
|---|
| 815 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 816 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 817 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 818 |
|
|---|
| 819 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
|---|
| 820 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
|---|
| 821 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 822 | <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
|---|
| 823 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
|---|
| 824 | specified in
|
|---|
| 825 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
|---|
| 826 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
|---|
| 827 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
|---|
| 828 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 829 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 830 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 831 |
|
|---|
| 832 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
|---|
| 833 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
|---|
| 834 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 835 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
|---|
| 836 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
|---|
| 837 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
|---|
| 838 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 839 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 840 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 841 |
|
|---|
| 842 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
|---|
| 843 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
|---|
| 844 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 845 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
|---|
| 846 | requests</para>
|
|---|
| 847 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
|---|
| 848 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
|---|
| 849 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 850 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 851 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 852 |
|
|---|
| 853 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
|---|
| 854 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
|---|
| 855 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 856 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
|---|
| 857 | to</para>
|
|---|
| 858 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
|---|
| 859 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
|---|
| 860 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 861 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 862 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 863 |
|
|---|
| 864 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
|---|
| 865 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 866 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 867 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
|---|
| 868 | </para>
|
|---|
| 869 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
|---|
| 870 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 871 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 872 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 873 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 874 |
|
|---|
| 875 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
|---|
| 876 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
|---|
| 877 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 878 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
|---|
| 879 | daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
|
|---|
| 880 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
|---|
| 881 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
|---|
| 882 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
|---|
| 883 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
|---|
| 884 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 885 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 886 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 887 |
|
|---|
| 888 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
|---|
| 889 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 890 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 891 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
|---|
| 892 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
|---|
| 893 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
|---|
| 894 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 895 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 896 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 897 |
|
|---|
| 898 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
|---|
| 899 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 900 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 901 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
|---|
| 902 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
|---|
| 903 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
|---|
| 904 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 905 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 906 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 907 |
|
|---|
| 908 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 909 |
|
|---|
| 910 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 911 |
|
|---|
| 912 | </sect1>
|
|---|
