source: chapter08/util-linux.xml@ a2434bd4

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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  %general-entities;
]>

<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>

  <sect1info condition="script">
    <productname>util-linux</productname>
    <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
    <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
  </sect1info>

  <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
    <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
    Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions,
    and messages.</para>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>&util-linux-fin-sbu;</seg>
        <seg>&util-linux-fin-du;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>

    <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>

<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
            --bindir=/usr/bin    \
            --libdir=/usr/lib    \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin  \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            --without-systemd    \
            --without-systemdsystemunitdir \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>

<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
            --bindir=/usr/bin    \
            --libdir=/usr/lib    \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin  \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput></screen>

    <para>The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about
    building components that either require packages not in LFS, or are
    inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.</para>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>

    <para>If desired, run the test suite as a non-&root; user:</para>

    <warning><para>Running the test suite as the
    <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user can be harmful to
    your system.  To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
    be available in the currently running system and must be built as a
    module.  Building it into the kernel will prevent booting.  For complete
    coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed.  If desired, this test can
    be run by booting into the completed LFS system and running:</para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
    </warning>

<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "make -k check"</userinput></screen>

    <para>The <emphasis>hardlink</emphasis> tests will fail if the host's kernel
    does not have the option CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH set.</para>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
<!--
  <para>Finally, install the man pages:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../util-linux-man-pages-&util-linux-version;.tar.xz - -directory /usr/share/man - -strip-components=1</userinput></screen>
-->
  </sect2>

  <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
  <!-- Multilib - 32bit  -->
  <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
  
  <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Util-linux - 32-bit</title>

    <para>Clean previous build:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">make distclean</userinput></screen>

    <para>Move a tool out of the way which is optionally used by
    configure but will report invalid pathes for multilib builds.</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">mv /usr/bin/ncursesw6-config{,.tmp}</userinput></screen>

    <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>

<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -m32" \
./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
            --libdir=/usr/lib32      \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
            --disable-chfn-chsh      \
            --disable-login          \
            --disable-nologin        \
            --disable-su             \
            --disable-setpriv        \
            --disable-runuser        \
            --disable-pylibmount     \
            --disable-static         \
            --without-python         \
            --without-systemd        \
            --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>

<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -m32" \
./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
            --libdir=/usr/lib32      \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
            --disable-chfn-chsh      \
            --disable-login          \
            --disable-nologin        \
            --disable-su             \
            --disable-setpriv        \
            --disable-runuser        \
            --disable-pylibmount     \
            --disable-static         \
            --without-python</userinput></screen>

    <para>Restore the tool previously moved away:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">mv /usr/bin/ncursesw6-config{.tmp,}</userinput></screen>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
rm -rf DESTDIR</userinput></screen>

  </sect2><!-- m32 -->

  <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
  <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
  <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
  
  <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Util-linux - x32-bit</title>

    <para>Clean previous build:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">make distclean</userinput></screen>

    <para>Move a tool out of the way which is optionally used by
    configure but will report invalid pathes for multilib builds.</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">mv /usr/bin/ncursesw6-config{,.tmp}</userinput></screen>

    <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>

<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -mx32" \
./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnux32 \
            --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            --without-systemd    \
            --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>

<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -mx32" \
./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnux32 \
            --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python</userinput></screen>

    <para>Restore the tool previously moved away:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">mv /usr/bin/ncursesw6-config{.tmp,}</userinput></screen>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/libx32/* /usr/libx32
rm -rf DESTDIR</userinput></screen>

  </sect2><!-- mx32 -->

  <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
    <title>Contents of Util-linux</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
        chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
        eject, fallocate, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
        fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hardlink, hexdump, hwclock,
        i386 (link to setarch), ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, irqtop, isosize, kill, last, 
        lastb (link to last), ldattach, linux32 (link to setarch), linux64 (link to setarch),
        logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lsirq, lsfd, lslocks, lslogins,
        lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
        more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit,
        readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script,
        scriptlive, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
        swapoff, swapon, switch_root, taskset, uclampset, ul,
        umount, uname26 (link to setarch), unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse,
        wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, x86_64 (link to setarch), and zramctl</seg>
        <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
        libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</seg>
        <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
             /usr/include/libfdisk,
             /usr/include/libmount,
             /usr/include/libsmartcols,
             /usr/include/uuid,
             /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
         and /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="addpart">
        <term><command>addpart</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
            <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="agetty">
        <term><command>agetty</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
          and then invokes the <command>login</command> program</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
            <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
        <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Discards sectors on a device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
            <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="blkid">
        <term><command>blkid</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A command line utility to locate and print block device
          attributes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
            <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="blkzone">
        <term><command>blkzone</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is used to manage zoned storage block devices</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkzone">
            <primary sortas="b-blkzone">blkzone</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="blockdev">
        <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
          line</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
            <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="cal">
        <term><command>cal</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays a simple calendar</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
            <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
        <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
            <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="chcpu">
        <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Modifies the state of CPUs</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
            <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="chmem">
        <term><command>chmem</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Configures memory</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chmem">
            <primary sortas="b-chmem">chmem</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="choom">
        <term><command>choom</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays and adjusts OOM-killer scores, used to determine
          which process to kill first when Linux is Out Of Memory</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux choom">
            <primary sortas="b-choom">choom</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="chrt">
        <term><command>chrt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Manipulates real-time attributes of a process</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
            <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="col">
        <term><command>col</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Filters out reverse line feeds</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
            <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="colcrt">
        <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Filters <command>nroff</command> output for terminals
          that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
            <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="colrm">
        <term><command>colrm</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Filters out the given columns</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
            <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="column">
        <term><command>column</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Formats a given file into multiple columns</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
            <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
        <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a
          hard or a soft reset</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
            <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="delpart">
        <term><command>delpart</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
            <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dmesg">
        <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Dumps the kernel boot messages</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
            <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="eject">
        <term><command>eject</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Ejects removable media</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
            <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fallocate">
        <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Preallocates space to a file</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
            <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fdisk">
        <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
            <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fincore">
        <term><command>fincore</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Counts pages of file contents in core</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fincore">
            <primary sortas="b-fincore">fincore</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="findfs">
        <term><command>findfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Finds a file system, either by label or Universally Unique Identifier
          (UUID)</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
            <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="findmnt">
        <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
          for working with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
            <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="flock">
        <term><command>flock</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock
          held</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
            <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fsck">
        <term><command>fsck</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
            <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
        <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the
          given device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
            <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
        <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the
          given device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
            <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
        <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
          kernel driver operations</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
            <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fstrim">
        <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
            <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="getopt">
        <term><command>getopt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Parses options in the given command line</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
            <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      
      <varlistentry id="hardlink">
        <term><command>hardlink</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Consolidates duplicate files by creating hard links</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hardlink">
            <primary sortas="b-hardlink">hardlink</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hexdump">
        <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Dumps the given file in hexadecimal, decimal, octal,
          or ascii</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
            <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hwclock">
        <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
          the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
          clock</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
            <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="i386">
        <term><command>i386</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux i386">
            <primary sortas="b-i386">i386</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ionice">
        <term><command>ionice</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
            <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
        <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates various IPC resources</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
            <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
        <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
            <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ipcs">
        <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Provides IPC status information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
            <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="irqtop">
        <term><command>irqtop</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information in
          <filename>top(1)</filename> style view</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux irqtop">
            <primary sortas="b-irqtop">irqtop</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="isosize">
        <term><command>isosize</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reports the size of an iso9660 file system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
            <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kill">
        <term><command>kill</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Sends signals to processes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
            <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="last">
        <term><command>last</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
          through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
          system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
            <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lastb">
        <term><command>lastb</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
          <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
            <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ldattach">
        <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Attaches a line discipline to a serial line</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
            <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="linux32">
        <term><command>linux32</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
            <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="linux64">
        <term><command>linux64</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
            <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="logger">
        <term><command>logger</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Enters the given message into the system log</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
            <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="look">
        <term><command>look</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays lines that begin with the given string</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
            <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="losetup">
        <term><command>losetup</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Sets up and controls loop devices</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
            <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lsblk">
        <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Lists information about all or selected block devices in
           a tree-like format</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
            <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lscpu">
        <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Prints CPU architecture information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
            <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      
      <varlistentry id="lsfd">
        <term><command>lsfd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays information about open files; replaces <command>lsof</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsfd">
            <primary sortas="b-lsfd">lsfd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lsipc">
        <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
          in the system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
            <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lsirq">
        <term><command>lsirq</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays kernel interrupt counter information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsirq">
            <primary sortas="b-lsirq">lsirq</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lslocks">
        <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Lists local system locks</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
            <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lslogins">
        <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Lists information about users, groups and system accounts</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
            <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lsmem">
        <term><command>lsmem</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Lists the ranges of available memory with their online
          status</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsmem">
            <primary sortas="b-lsmem">lsmem</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lsns">
        <term><command>lsns</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Lists namespaces</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsns">
            <primary sortas="b-lsns">lsns</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mcookie">
        <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for
          <command>xauth</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
            <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mesg">
        <term><command>mesg</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
          user's terminal</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
            <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mkfs">
        <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
          partition)</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
            <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
        <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
        <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a cramfs file system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
        <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a Minix file system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mkswap">
        <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
          area</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
            <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="more">
        <term><command>more</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A filter for paging through text one screen at a time</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
            <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mount">
        <term><command>mount</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified
          directory in the file-system tree</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
            <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
        <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
            <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="namei">
        <term><command>namei</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Shows the symbolic links in the given paths</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
            <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nsenter">
        <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Runs a program with namespaces of other processes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
            <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="partx">
        <term><command>partx</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
          partitions</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
            <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
        <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Makes the given file system the new root file system of the
          current process</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
            <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="prlimit">
        <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Gets and sets a process's resource limits</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
            <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="readprofile">
        <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reads kernel profiling information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
            <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rename">
        <term><command>rename</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
          another</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
            <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="renice">
        <term><command>renice</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Alters the priority of running processes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
            <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="resizepart">
        <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
            <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rev">
        <term><command>rev</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reverses the lines of a given file</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
            <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rkfill">
        <term><command>rkfill</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rkfill">
            <primary sortas="b-rkfill">rkfill</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
        <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Used to enter a system sleep state until the specified wakeup
          time</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
            <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="script">
        <term><command>script</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Makes a typescript of a terminal session</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
            <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="scriptlive">
        <term><command>scriptlive</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Re-runs session typescripts using timing information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptlive">
            <primary sortas="b-scriptlive">scriptlive</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
        <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Plays back typescripts using timing information</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
            <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="setarch">
        <term><command>setarch</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Changes reported architecture in a new program environment, and
          sets personality flags</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
            <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="setsid">
        <term><command>setsid</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Runs the given program in a new session</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
            <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="setterm">
        <term><command>setterm</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Sets terminal attributes</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
            <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
        <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A disk partition table manipulator</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
            <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="sulogin">
        <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in;
          it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes
          into single user mode</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
            <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
        <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Makes changes to the swap area's UUID and label</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
            <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="swapoff">
        <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Disables devices and files for paging and swapping</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
            <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="swapon">
        <term><command>swapon</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Enables devices and files for paging and swapping, and
          lists the devices and files currently in use</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
            <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="switch_root">
        <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
            <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="taskset">
        <term><command>taskset</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Retrieves or sets a process's CPU affinity</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
            <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="uclampset">
        <term><command>uclampset</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Manipulates the utilization clamping attributes of the
          system or a process</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uclampset">
            <primary sortas="b-uclampset">uclampset</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ul">
        <term><command>ul</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences
          indicating underlining for the terminal in use</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
            <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="umount">
        <term><command>umount</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
            <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="uname26">
        <term><command>uname26</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
            <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="unshare">
        <term><command>unshare</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
            <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
        <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a
          user-friendly format</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
            <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="uuidd">
        <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
          UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
            <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
        <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID is a random number likely to be
          unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
          systems, in the past and in the future, with extremely high
          probability (~340 trillion trillion trillion unique UUIDs are possible)</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
            <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="uuidparse">
        <term><command>uuidparse</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A utility to parse unique identifiers</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidparse">
            <primary sortas="b-uuidparse">uuidparse</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="wall">
        <term><command>wall</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard
          input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
            <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="wdctl">
        <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Shows hardware watchdog status</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
            <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="whereis">
        <term><command>whereis</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
          files for the given command</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
            <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="wipefs">
        <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Wipes a filesystem signature from a device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
            <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="x86_64">
        <term><command>x86_64</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux x86_64">
            <primary sortas="b-x86_64">x86_64</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="zramctl">
        <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk)
          devices</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
            <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libblkid">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines for device identification and token
          extraction</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
            <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines for manipulating partition tables</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
            <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libmount">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines for block device mounting and
          unmounting</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
            <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
            <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libuuid">
        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects
          that may be accessible beyond the local system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
            <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>