[a26951e] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="pre-why">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="package-choices.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
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| 12 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 13 | <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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| 14 | foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
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[c6d5b092] | 15 | itself while providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
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[a26951e] | 16 | a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
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| 17 | mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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| 18 | are included that are not strictly required. The lists below document the
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| 19 | rationale for each package in the book.</para>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <itemizedlist>
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| 22 |
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[61ce0b1] | 23 | <listitem>
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| 24 | <para>Acl</para>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>This package contains utilities to administer Access
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| 27 | Control Lists, which are used to define more fine-grained
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| 28 | discretionary access rights for files and directories.
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| 29 | </para>
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| 30 | </listitem>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <listitem>
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| 33 | <para>Attr</para>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>This package contains programs for administering
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| 36 | extended attributes on filesystem objects.
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| 37 | </para>
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| 38 | </listitem>
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| 39 |
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[a26951e] | 40 | <listitem>
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| 41 | <para>Autoconf</para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <para>This package contains programs for producing shell scripts that
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| 44 | can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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| 45 | template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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| 46 | to the build procedures.</para>
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| 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <listitem>
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| 50 | <para>Automake</para>
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| 51 |
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| 52 | <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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| 53 | a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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| 54 | to the build procedures.</para>
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| 55 | </listitem>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <listitem>
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| 58 | <para>Bash</para>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
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| 61 | a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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| 62 | other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
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[1c72dda] | 63 | capabilities beyond basic shell functions.</para>
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[a26951e] | 64 | </listitem>
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| 65 |
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[a3af16f] | 66 | <listitem>
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| 67 | <para>Bc</para>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <para>This package provides an arbitrary precision numeric processing language.
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| 70 | It satisfies a requirement needed when building the Linux kernel.</para>
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| 71 | </listitem>
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| 72 |
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[a26951e] | 73 | <listitem>
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| 74 | <para>Binutils</para>
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| 75 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 76 | <para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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[1c72dda] | 77 | tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
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| 78 | needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system and beyond.</para>
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[a26951e] | 79 | </listitem>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <listitem>
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| 82 | <para>Bison</para>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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[1c72dda] | 85 | Compiler Compiler) needed to build several other LFS programs.</para>
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[a26951e] | 86 | </listitem>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <listitem>
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| 89 | <para>Bzip2</para>
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| 90 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 91 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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[a26951e] | 92 | files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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| 93 | </listitem>
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| 94 |
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[5870a98] | 95 | <listitem>
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| 96 | <para>Check</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <para>This package contains a test harness for other programs.
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| 99 | It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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| 100 | </listitem>
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| 101 |
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[a26951e] | 102 | <listitem>
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| 103 | <para>Coreutils</para>
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| 104 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 105 | <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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[1c72dda] | 106 | and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
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| 107 | command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
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| 108 | procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 109 | </listitem>
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| 110 |
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[61ce0b1] | 111 | <listitem>
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| 112 | <para>D-Bus</para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <para>This package contains programs to implement a message bus system,
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[6b9aa3b] | 115 | which a simple way for applications to talk to one another. It is
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| 116 | required by systemd.
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[61ce0b1] | 117 | </para>
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| 118 | </listitem>
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| 119 |
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[a26951e] | 120 | <listitem>
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| 121 | <para>DejaGNU</para>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <para>This package contains a framework for testing other programs.
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| 124 | It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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| 125 | </listitem>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <listitem>
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| 128 | <para>Diffutils</para>
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| 129 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 130 | <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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[1c72dda] | 131 | between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
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| 132 | patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
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[a26951e] | 133 | </listitem>
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| 134 |
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[fbee88e] | 135 | <listitem>
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| 136 | <para>E2fsprogs</para>
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| 137 |
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| 138 | <para>This package contains the utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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| 139 | and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thoroughly
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| 140 | tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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| 141 | </listitem>
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| 142 |
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| 143 | <listitem>
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| 144 | <para>Expat</para>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <para>This package contains a relatively small XML parsing library. It
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| 147 | is required by the XML::Parser Perl module.</para>
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| 148 | </listitem>
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| 149 |
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[a26951e] | 150 | <listitem>
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| 151 | <para>Expect</para>
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| 152 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 153 | <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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[a26951e] | 154 | dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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[ce5ebe1] | 155 | for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
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[a26951e] | 156 | toolchain.</para>
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| 157 | </listitem>
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| 158 |
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| 159 | <listitem>
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| 160 | <para>File</para>
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| 161 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 162 | <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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[1c72dda] | 163 | given file or files. A few packages need it to build.</para>
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[a26951e] | 164 | </listitem>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <listitem>
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| 167 | <para>Findutils</para>
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| 168 |
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[1c72dda] | 169 | <para>This package contains programs to find files in a file system.
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| 170 | It is used in many packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 171 | </listitem>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <listitem>
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| 174 | <para>Flex</para>
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| 175 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 176 | <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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| 177 | recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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| 178 | (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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[1c72dda] | 179 | LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 180 | </listitem>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <listitem>
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| 183 | <para>Gawk</para>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <para>This package contains programs for manipulating text files.
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[1c72dda] | 186 | It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan). It is used in
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| 187 | many other packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 188 | </listitem>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <listitem>
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| 191 | <para>Gcc</para>
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| 192 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 193 | <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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| 194 | C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
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[a26951e] | 195 | </para>
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| 196 | </listitem>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <listitem>
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| 199 | <para>GDBM</para>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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[1c72dda] | 202 | is used by one other LFS package, Man-DB.</para>
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[a26951e] | 203 | </listitem>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <listitem>
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| 206 | <para>Gettext</para>
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| 207 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 208 | <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
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[1c72dda] | 209 | internationalization and localization of numerous packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 210 | </listitem>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <listitem>
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| 213 | <para>Glibc</para>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs would
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[1c72dda] | 216 | not run without it.</para>
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[a26951e] | 217 | </listitem>
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| 218 |
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| 219 | <listitem>
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| 220 | <para>GMP</para>
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| 221 |
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[9ec9c03] | 222 | <para>This package contains math libraries that provide useful functions
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| 223 | for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It is required to build Gcc.</para>
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[a26951e] | 224 | </listitem>
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| 225 |
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[fbee88e] | 226 | <listitem>
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| 227 | <para>Gperf</para>
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| 228 |
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[46ded2b] | 229 | <para>This package contains a program that generates a perfect hash
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| 230 | function from a key set. It is required for systemd.</para>
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[61ce0b1] | 231 | </listitem>
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| 232 |
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[a26951e] | 233 | <listitem>
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| 234 | <para>Grep</para>
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| 235 |
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[1c72dda] | 236 | <para>This package contains programs for searching through files. These
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| 237 | programs are used by most packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 238 | </listitem>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <listitem>
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| 241 | <para>Groff</para>
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| 242 |
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| 243 | <para>This package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
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[1c72dda] | 244 | One important function of these programs is to format man pages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 245 | </listitem>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <listitem>
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| 248 | <para>GRUB</para>
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| 249 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 250 | <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
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[a26951e] | 251 | of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
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| 252 | </para>
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| 253 | </listitem>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | <listitem>
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| 256 | <para>Gzip</para>
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| 257 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 258 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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[1c72dda] | 259 | decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages in LFS
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| 260 | and beyond.</para>
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[a26951e] | 261 | </listitem>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <listitem>
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| 264 | <para>Iana-etc</para>
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| 265 |
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| 266 | <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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[1c72dda] | 267 | It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.</para>
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[a26951e] | 268 | </listitem>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <listitem>
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| 271 | <para>Inetutils</para>
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| 272 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 273 | <para>This package contains programs for basic network
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[1c72dda] | 274 | administration.</para>
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[a26951e] | 275 | </listitem>
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| 276 |
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[61ce0b1] | 277 | <listitem>
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| 278 | <para>Intltool</para>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <para>This package contains tools for extracting translatable
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| 281 | strings from source files.</para>
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| 282 | </listitem>
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| 283 |
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[a26951e] | 284 | <listitem>
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| 285 | <para>IProute2</para>
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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| 288 | IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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| 289 | tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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| 290 | </listitem>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <listitem>
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| 293 | <para>Kbd</para>
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| 294 |
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[1c72dda] | 295 | <para>This package contains key-table files, keyboard utilities
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| 296 | for non-US keyboards, and a number of console fonts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 297 | </listitem>
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| 298 |
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[46b7d91] | 299 | <listitem>
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| 300 | <para>Kmod</para>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <para>This package contains programs needed to administer Linux
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| 303 | kernel modules.</para>
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| 304 | </listitem>
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| 305 |
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[a26951e] | 306 | <listitem>
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| 307 | <para>Less</para>
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| 308 |
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| 309 | <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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[1c72dda] | 310 | allows scrolling up or down when viewing a file. It is also used by
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| 311 | Man-DB for viewing manpages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 312 | </listitem>
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| 313 |
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[61ce0b1] | 314 | <listitem>
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| 315 | <para>Libcap</para>
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| 316 |
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| 317 | <para>This package implements the user-space interfaces to
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| 318 | the POSIX 1003.1e capabilities available in Linux kernels.
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| 319 | </para>
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| 320 | </listitem>
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| 321 |
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[fbee88e] | 322 | <listitem>
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| 323 | <para>Libpipeline</para>
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| 324 |
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| 325 | <para>The Libpipeline package contains a library for manipulating
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| 326 | pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way. It is
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| 327 | required by the Man-DB package.</para>
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| 328 | </listitem>
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| 329 |
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[a26951e] | 330 | <listitem>
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| 331 | <para>Libtool</para>
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| 332 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 333 | <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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| 334 | script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
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[a26951e] | 335 | consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
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[1c72dda] | 336 | suites in other LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 337 | </listitem>
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| 338 |
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| 339 | <listitem>
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| 340 | <para>Linux Kernel</para>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
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[1c72dda] | 343 | the GNU/Linux environment.</para>
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[a26951e] | 344 | </listitem>
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| 345 |
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| 346 | <listitem>
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| 347 | <para>M4</para>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <para>This package contains a general text macro processor useful
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[1c72dda] | 350 | as a build tool for other programs.</para>
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[a26951e] | 351 | </listitem>
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| 352 |
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| 353 | <listitem>
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| 354 | <para>Make</para>
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| 355 |
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| 356 | <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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[1c72dda] | 357 | of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 358 | </listitem>
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| 359 |
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| 360 | <listitem>
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| 361 | <para>Man-DB</para>
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| 362 |
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| 363 | <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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| 364 | It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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| 365 | due to superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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[1c72dda] | 366 | the man program.</para>
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[a26951e] | 367 | </listitem>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <listitem>
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| 370 | <para>Man-pages</para>
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| 371 |
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| 372 | <para>This package contains the actual contents of the basic
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[1c72dda] | 373 | Linux man pages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 374 | </listitem>
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| 375 |
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[1c72dda] | 376 | <listitem>
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| 377 | <para>MPC</para>
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| 378 |
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| 379 | <para>This package contains functions for the arithmetic of complex
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| 380 | numbers. It is required by Gcc.</para>
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| 381 | </listitem>
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| 382 |
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[a26951e] | 383 | <listitem>
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| 384 | <para>MPFR</para>
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| 385 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 386 | <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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[1c72dda] | 387 | arithmetic. It is required by Gcc.</para>
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[a26951e] | 388 | </listitem>
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| 389 |
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| 390 | <listitem>
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| 391 | <para>Ncurses</para>
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| 392 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 393 | <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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| 394 | handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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[1c72dda] | 395 | cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
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| 396 | packages in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 397 | </listitem>
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| 398 |
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| 399 | <listitem>
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| 400 | <para>Patch</para>
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| 401 |
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[12c82b50] | 402 | <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
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[ce5ebe1] | 403 | applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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[a26951e] | 404 | by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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[1c72dda] | 405 | the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 406 | </listitem>
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[5b62b8d] | 407 |
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[a26951e] | 408 | <listitem>
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| 409 | <para>Perl</para>
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| 410 |
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| 411 | <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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[0ebe029b] | 412 | PERL. It is needed for the installation and test suites of several LFS
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[1c72dda] | 413 | packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 414 | </listitem>
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| 415 |
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[450e682e] | 416 | <listitem>
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| 417 | <para>Pkg-config</para>
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| 418 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 419 | <para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an
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[450e682e] | 420 | installed library or package.</para>
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| 421 | </listitem>
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| 422 |
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| 423 | <listitem>
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[fbee88e] | 424 | <para>Procps-NG</para>
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[a26951e] | 425 |
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[1c72dda] | 426 | <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes. These
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| 427 | programs are useful for system administration, and are also used by
|
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| 428 | the LFS Bootscripts.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 429 | </listitem>
|
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| 430 |
|
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| 431 | <listitem>
|
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| 432 | <para>Psmisc</para>
|
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| 433 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 434 | <para>This package contains programs for displaying information
|
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[1c72dda] | 435 | about running processes. These programs are useful for system
|
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| 436 | administration.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 437 | </listitem>
|
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| 438 |
|
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| 439 | <listitem>
|
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| 440 | <para>Readline</para>
|
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| 441 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 442 | <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
|
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[1c72dda] | 443 | editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 444 | </listitem>
|
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| 445 |
|
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| 446 | <listitem>
|
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| 447 | <para>Sed</para>
|
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| 448 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 449 | <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
|
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| 450 | text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
|
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[1c72dda] | 451 | scripts.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 452 | </listitem>
|
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| 453 |
|
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| 454 | <listitem>
|
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| 455 | <para>Shadow</para>
|
---|
| 456 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 457 | <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
|
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[a26951e] | 458 | in a secure way.</para>
|
---|
| 459 | </listitem>
|
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| 460 |
|
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[61ce0b1] | 461 | <listitem>
|
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| 462 | <para>Systemd</para>
|
---|
| 463 |
|
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[dc7162d] | 464 | <para>This package provides an <application>init</application> program
|
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[61ce0b1] | 465 | and several additional boot and system control capabilites as an
|
---|
[0bf53444] | 466 | alternative to Sysvinit. It is used by many Linux distributions.</para>
|
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[61ce0b1] | 467 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 468 |
|
---|
[a26951e] | 469 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 470 | <para>Tar</para>
|
---|
| 471 |
|
---|
| 472 | <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 473 | of virtually all packages used in LFS.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 474 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 475 |
|
---|
| 476 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 477 | <para>Tcl</para>
|
---|
| 478 |
|
---|
| 479 | <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 480 | in many test suites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 481 | the temporary toolchain.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 482 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 483 |
|
---|
| 484 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 485 | <para>Texinfo</para>
|
---|
| 486 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 487 | <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
|
---|
| 488 | converting info pages. It is used in the installation
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 489 | procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 490 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 491 |
|
---|
| 492 | <listitem>
|
---|
[e1428f3] | 493 | <para>Util-linux</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 494 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 495 | <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
|
---|
| 496 | Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 497 | partitions, and messages.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 498 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 499 |
|
---|
| 500 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 501 | <para>Vim</para>
|
---|
| 502 |
|
---|
[c6d5b092] | 503 | <para>This package contains an editor. It was chosen because of its
|
---|
| 504 | compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
|
---|
[a26951e] | 505 | capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 506 | many users and any other editor could be substituted if desired.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 507 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 508 |
|
---|
[61ce0b1] | 509 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 510 | <para>XML::Parser</para>
|
---|
| 511 |
|
---|
| 512 | <para>This package is a Perl module that interfaces with Expat.</para>
|
---|
| 513 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 514 |
|
---|
[7002213] | 515 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 516 | <para>XZ Utils</para>
|
---|
| 517 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 518 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
|
---|
[7002213] | 519 | files. It provides the highest compression generally available
|
---|
[ba9a546] | 520 | and is useful for decompressing packages in XZ or LZMA format.</para>
|
---|
[7002213] | 521 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 522 |
|
---|
[a26951e] | 523 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 524 | <para>Zlib</para>
|
---|
| 525 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 526 | <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 527 | used by some programs.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 528 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 529 |
|
---|
| 530 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 531 |
|
---|
| 532 | </sect1>
|
---|
| 533 |
|
---|