[a26951e] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="pre-why">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="package-choices.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
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| 12 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 13 | <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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| 14 | foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
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[c6d5b092] | 15 | itself while providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
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[a26951e] | 16 | a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
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| 17 | mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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| 18 | are included that are not strictly required. The lists below document the
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| 19 | rationale for each package in the book.</para>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <itemizedlist>
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| 22 |
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[9baa148] | 23 | <listitem>
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| 24 | <para>Acl</para>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>This package contains programs to administer Access Control
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| 27 | Lists, which are used to define more fine-grained discretionary access
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| 28 | rights for files and directories. It is required by Systemd
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| 29 | and can be used by Coreutils.</para>
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| 30 | </listitem>
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| 31 |
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[fbee88e] | 32 | <listitem>
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| 33 | <para>Attr</para>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>This package contains programs for working with extended
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[0a56911] | 36 | attributes on filesystem objects. It is required by the libcap
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[fbee88e] | 37 | library.</para>
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| 38 | </listitem>
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| 39 |
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[a26951e] | 40 | <listitem>
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| 41 | <para>Autoconf</para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <para>This package contains programs for producing shell scripts that
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| 44 | can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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| 45 | template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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| 46 | to the build procedures.</para>
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| 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <listitem>
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| 50 | <para>Automake</para>
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| 51 |
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| 52 | <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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| 53 | a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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| 54 | to the build procedures.</para>
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| 55 | </listitem>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <listitem>
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| 58 | <para>Bash</para>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
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| 61 | a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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| 62 | other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
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[1c72dda] | 63 | capabilities beyond basic shell functions.</para>
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[a26951e] | 64 | </listitem>
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| 65 |
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[a3af16f] | 66 | <listitem>
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| 67 | <para>Bc</para>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <para>This package provides an arbitrary precision numeric processing language.
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| 70 | It satisfies a requirement needed when building the Linux kernel.</para>
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| 71 | </listitem>
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| 72 |
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[a26951e] | 73 | <listitem>
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| 74 | <para>Binutils</para>
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| 75 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 76 | <para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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[1c72dda] | 77 | tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
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| 78 | needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system and beyond.</para>
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[a26951e] | 79 | </listitem>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <listitem>
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| 82 | <para>Bison</para>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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[1c72dda] | 85 | Compiler Compiler) needed to build several other LFS programs.</para>
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[a26951e] | 86 | </listitem>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <listitem>
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| 89 | <para>Bzip2</para>
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| 90 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 91 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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[a26951e] | 92 | files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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| 93 | </listitem>
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| 94 |
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[5870a98] | 95 | <listitem>
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| 96 | <para>Check</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <para>This package contains a test harness for other programs.
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| 99 | It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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| 100 | </listitem>
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| 101 |
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[a26951e] | 102 | <listitem>
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| 103 | <para>Coreutils</para>
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| 104 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 105 | <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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[1c72dda] | 106 | and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
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| 107 | command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
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| 108 | procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 109 | </listitem>
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| 110 |
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[afe61bc] | 111 | <listitem>
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| 112 | <para>D-Bus</para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <para>D-Bus is a message bus system, a simple way for applications to
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| 115 | communicate with one another; it is required by Systemd.</para>
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| 116 | </listitem>
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| 117 |
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[a26951e] | 118 | <listitem>
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| 119 | <para>DejaGNU</para>
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <para>This package contains a framework for testing other programs.
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| 122 | It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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| 123 | </listitem>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <listitem>
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| 126 | <para>Diffutils</para>
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| 127 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 128 | <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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[1c72dda] | 129 | between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
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| 130 | patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
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[a26951e] | 131 | </listitem>
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| 132 |
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[fbee88e] | 133 | <listitem>
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| 134 | <para>E2fsprogs</para>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <para>This package contains the utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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| 137 | and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thoroughly
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| 138 | tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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| 139 | </listitem>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <listitem>
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| 142 | <para>Expat</para>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <para>This package contains a relatively small XML parsing library. It
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| 145 | is required by the XML::Parser Perl module.</para>
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| 146 | </listitem>
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| 147 |
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[a26951e] | 148 | <listitem>
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| 149 | <para>Expect</para>
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| 150 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 151 | <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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[a26951e] | 152 | dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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[ce5ebe1] | 153 | for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
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[a26951e] | 154 | toolchain.</para>
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| 155 | </listitem>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <listitem>
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| 158 | <para>File</para>
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| 159 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 160 | <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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[1c72dda] | 161 | given file or files. A few packages need it to build.</para>
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[a26951e] | 162 | </listitem>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <listitem>
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| 165 | <para>Findutils</para>
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| 166 |
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[1c72dda] | 167 | <para>This package contains programs to find files in a file system.
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| 168 | It is used in many packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 169 | </listitem>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <listitem>
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| 172 | <para>Flex</para>
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| 173 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 174 | <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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| 175 | recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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| 176 | (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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[1c72dda] | 177 | LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 178 | </listitem>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <listitem>
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| 181 | <para>Gawk</para>
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| 182 |
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| 183 | <para>This package contains programs for manipulating text files.
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[1c72dda] | 184 | It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan). It is used in
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| 185 | many other packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 186 | </listitem>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | <listitem>
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| 189 | <para>Gcc</para>
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| 190 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 191 | <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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| 192 | C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
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[a26951e] | 193 | </para>
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| 194 | </listitem>
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| 195 |
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| 196 | <listitem>
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| 197 | <para>GDBM</para>
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| 198 |
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| 199 | <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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[1c72dda] | 200 | is used by one other LFS package, Man-DB.</para>
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[a26951e] | 201 | </listitem>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <listitem>
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| 204 | <para>Gettext</para>
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| 205 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 206 | <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
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[1c72dda] | 207 | internationalization and localization of numerous packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 208 | </listitem>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <listitem>
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| 211 | <para>Glibc</para>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs would
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[1c72dda] | 214 | not run without it.</para>
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[a26951e] | 215 | </listitem>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <listitem>
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| 218 | <para>GMP</para>
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| 219 |
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[9ec9c03] | 220 | <para>This package contains math libraries that provide useful functions
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| 221 | for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It is required to build Gcc.</para>
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[a26951e] | 222 | </listitem>
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| 223 |
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[fbee88e] | 224 | <listitem>
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| 225 | <para>Gperf</para>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <para>This package generates a perfect hash from a key set; it is
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| 228 | required by Systemd.</para>
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| 229 | </listitem>
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| 230 |
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[a26951e] | 231 | <listitem>
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| 232 | <para>Grep</para>
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| 233 |
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[1c72dda] | 234 | <para>This package contains programs for searching through files. These
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| 235 | programs are used by most packages' build scripts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 236 | </listitem>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <listitem>
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| 239 | <para>Groff</para>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <para>This package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
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[1c72dda] | 242 | One important function of these programs is to format man pages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 243 | </listitem>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <listitem>
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| 246 | <para>GRUB</para>
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| 247 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 248 | <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
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[a26951e] | 249 | of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
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| 250 | </para>
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| 251 | </listitem>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <listitem>
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| 254 | <para>Gzip</para>
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| 255 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 256 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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[1c72dda] | 257 | decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages in LFS
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| 258 | and beyond.</para>
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[a26951e] | 259 | </listitem>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <listitem>
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| 262 | <para>Iana-etc</para>
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| 263 |
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| 264 | <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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[1c72dda] | 265 | It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.</para>
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[a26951e] | 266 | </listitem>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <listitem>
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| 269 | <para>Inetutils</para>
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| 270 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 271 | <para>This package contains programs for basic network
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[1c72dda] | 272 | administration.</para>
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[a26951e] | 273 | </listitem>
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| 274 |
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[fbee88e] | 275 | <listitem>
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| 276 | <para>Intltool</para>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | <para>This package contains internationalization tools; it is required
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| 279 | by Systemd.</para>
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| 280 | </listitem>
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| 281 |
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[a26951e] | 282 | <listitem>
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| 283 | <para>IProute2</para>
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| 284 |
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| 285 | <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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| 286 | IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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| 287 | tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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| 288 | </listitem>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <listitem>
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| 291 | <para>Kbd</para>
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| 292 |
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[1c72dda] | 293 | <para>This package contains key-table files, keyboard utilities
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| 294 | for non-US keyboards, and a number of console fonts.</para>
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[a26951e] | 295 | </listitem>
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| 296 |
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[46b7d91] | 297 | <listitem>
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| 298 | <para>Kmod</para>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <para>This package contains programs needed to administer Linux
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| 301 | kernel modules.</para>
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| 302 | </listitem>
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| 303 |
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[a26951e] | 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Less</para>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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[1c72dda] | 308 | allows scrolling up or down when viewing a file. It is also used by
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| 309 | Man-DB for viewing manpages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 310 | </listitem>
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| 311 |
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[fbee88e] | 312 | <listitem>
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[c97d81d] | 313 | <para>Libcap</para>
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[fbee88e] | 314 |
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| 315 | <para>This package contains functions that enable root privileges to be
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| 316 | partitioned into a set of distinct privileges. It is required by
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| 317 | Systemd.</para>
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| 318 | </listitem>
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| 319 |
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| 320 | <listitem>
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| 321 | <para>Libpipeline</para>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | <para>The Libpipeline package contains a library for manipulating
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| 324 | pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way. It is
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| 325 | required by the Man-DB package.</para>
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| 326 | </listitem>
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| 327 |
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[a26951e] | 328 | <listitem>
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| 329 | <para>Libtool</para>
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| 330 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 331 | <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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| 332 | script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
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[a26951e] | 333 | consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
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[1c72dda] | 334 | suites in other LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 335 | </listitem>
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| 336 |
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| 337 | <listitem>
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| 338 | <para>Linux Kernel</para>
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| 339 |
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| 340 | <para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
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[1c72dda] | 341 | the GNU/Linux environment.</para>
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[a26951e] | 342 | </listitem>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <listitem>
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| 345 | <para>M4</para>
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| 346 |
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| 347 | <para>This package contains a general text macro processor useful
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[1c72dda] | 348 | as a build tool for other programs.</para>
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[a26951e] | 349 | </listitem>
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| 350 |
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| 351 | <listitem>
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| 352 | <para>Make</para>
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| 353 |
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| 354 | <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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[1c72dda] | 355 | of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 356 | </listitem>
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| 357 |
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| 358 | <listitem>
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| 359 | <para>Man-DB</para>
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| 360 |
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| 361 | <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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| 362 | It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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| 363 | due to superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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[1c72dda] | 364 | the man program.</para>
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[a26951e] | 365 | </listitem>
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| 366 |
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| 367 | <listitem>
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| 368 | <para>Man-pages</para>
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| 369 |
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| 370 | <para>This package contains the actual contents of the basic
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[1c72dda] | 371 | Linux man pages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 372 | </listitem>
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| 373 |
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[1c72dda] | 374 | <listitem>
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| 375 | <para>MPC</para>
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| 376 |
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| 377 | <para>This package contains functions for the arithmetic of complex
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| 378 | numbers. It is required by Gcc.</para>
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| 379 | </listitem>
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| 380 |
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[a26951e] | 381 | <listitem>
|
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| 382 | <para>MPFR</para>
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| 383 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 384 | <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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[1c72dda] | 385 | arithmetic. It is required by Gcc.</para>
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[a26951e] | 386 | </listitem>
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| 387 |
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| 388 | <listitem>
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| 389 | <para>Ncurses</para>
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| 390 |
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[ce5ebe1] | 391 | <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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| 392 | handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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[1c72dda] | 393 | cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
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| 394 | packages in LFS.</para>
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[a26951e] | 395 | </listitem>
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| 396 |
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| 397 | <listitem>
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| 398 | <para>Patch</para>
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| 399 |
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[12c82b50] | 400 | <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
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[ce5ebe1] | 401 | applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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[a26951e] | 402 | by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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[1c72dda] | 403 | the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 404 | </listitem>
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[5b62b8d] | 405 |
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[a26951e] | 406 | <listitem>
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| 407 | <para>Perl</para>
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| 408 |
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| 409 | <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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[0ebe029b] | 410 | PERL. It is needed for the installation and test suites of several LFS
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[1c72dda] | 411 | packages.</para>
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[a26951e] | 412 | </listitem>
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| 413 |
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[450e682e] | 414 | <listitem>
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| 415 | <para>Pkg-config</para>
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| 416 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 417 | <para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an
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[450e682e] | 418 | installed library or package.</para>
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| 419 | </listitem>
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| 420 |
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| 421 | <listitem>
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[fbee88e] | 422 | <para>Procps-NG</para>
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[a26951e] | 423 |
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[1c72dda] | 424 | <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes. These
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| 425 | programs are useful for system administration, and are also used by
|
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| 426 | the LFS Bootscripts.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 427 | </listitem>
|
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| 428 |
|
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| 429 | <listitem>
|
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| 430 | <para>Psmisc</para>
|
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| 431 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 432 | <para>This package contains programs for displaying information
|
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[1c72dda] | 433 | about running processes. These programs are useful for system
|
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| 434 | administration.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 435 | </listitem>
|
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| 436 |
|
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| 437 | <listitem>
|
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| 438 | <para>Readline</para>
|
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| 439 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 440 | <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
|
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[1c72dda] | 441 | editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 442 | </listitem>
|
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| 443 |
|
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| 444 | <listitem>
|
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| 445 | <para>Sed</para>
|
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| 446 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 447 | <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
|
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| 448 | text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
|
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[1c72dda] | 449 | scripts.</para>
|
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[a26951e] | 450 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 451 |
|
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| 452 | <listitem>
|
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| 453 | <para>Shadow</para>
|
---|
| 454 |
|
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[ce5ebe1] | 455 | <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
|
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[a26951e] | 456 | in a secure way.</para>
|
---|
| 457 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 458 |
|
---|
| 459 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0a56911] | 460 | <para>Systemd</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 461 |
|
---|
[0a56911] | 462 | <para>This package contains programs for controlling the startup,
|
---|
| 463 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 464 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 465 |
|
---|
| 466 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0a56911] | 467 | <para>Sysvinit</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 468 |
|
---|
[0a56911] | 469 | <para>This package provides misc. utils needed by some packages.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 470 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 471 |
|
---|
| 472 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 473 | <para>Tar</para>
|
---|
| 474 |
|
---|
| 475 | <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 476 | of virtually all packages used in LFS.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 477 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 478 |
|
---|
| 479 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 480 | <para>Tcl</para>
|
---|
| 481 |
|
---|
| 482 | <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 483 | in many test suites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 484 | the temporary toolchain.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 485 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 486 |
|
---|
| 487 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 488 | <para>Texinfo</para>
|
---|
| 489 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 490 | <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
|
---|
| 491 | converting info pages. It is used in the installation
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 492 | procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 493 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 494 |
|
---|
| 495 | <listitem>
|
---|
[e1428f3] | 496 | <para>Util-linux</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 497 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 498 | <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
|
---|
| 499 | Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 500 | partitions, and messages.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 501 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 502 |
|
---|
| 503 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 504 | <para>Vim</para>
|
---|
| 505 |
|
---|
[c6d5b092] | 506 | <para>This package contains an editor. It was chosen because of its
|
---|
| 507 | compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
|
---|
[a26951e] | 508 | capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 509 | many users and any other editor could be substituted if desired.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 510 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 511 |
|
---|
[fbee88e] | 512 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 513 | <para>XML::Parser</para>
|
---|
| 514 |
|
---|
| 515 | <para>This package contains an XML Parsing library for Perl. It is
|
---|
| 516 | required by the Intltool package.</para>
|
---|
| 517 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 518 |
|
---|
[7002213] | 519 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 520 | <para>XZ Utils</para>
|
---|
| 521 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 522 | <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
|
---|
[7002213] | 523 | files. It provides the highest compression generally available
|
---|
[5a58876] | 524 | and is useful for decompressing packages XZ or LZMA format.</para>
|
---|
[7002213] | 525 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 526 |
|
---|
[a26951e] | 527 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 528 | <para>Zlib</para>
|
---|
| 529 |
|
---|
[ce5ebe1] | 530 | <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
---|
[1c72dda] | 531 | used by some programs.</para>
|
---|
[a26951e] | 532 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 533 |
|
---|
| 534 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 535 |
|
---|
| 536 | </sect1>
|
---|
| 537 |
|
---|