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-              rd4fdde6
+              r37e35d2
 ]>
 <sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub" role="wrap">
+<sect1 id="ch-system-grub" role="wrap">
   <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?>
 …
   </sect1info>
+  <title>Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process</title>
+  <sect2>
+    <title>Introduction</title>
+    <warning><para>Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system
+    inoperable without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM.  This
+    section is not required to boot your LFS system.  You may just
+    want to modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or
+    LILO.</para></warning>
+    <para> Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote>
+    the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable).  If you do not
+    already have a boot device, you can create one.  In order for the procedure
+    below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install
+    <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink
+    url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html">
+    libisoburn</ulink> package.</para>
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cd /tmp
+grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso
+xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput></screen>
+    <note>
+      <para>
+        To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel needs to
+        have been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality described in the
+        previous section.  However, LFS can be booted using GRUB2 without such
+        an addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode and Secure Boot capabilities in
+        the host system's BIOS need to be turned off.  For details, see <ulink
+        url="&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt">
+        the lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink> at
+        &hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt.
+      </para>
+    </note>
+  <title>GRUB-&grub-version;</title>
+  <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub">
+    <primary sortas="a-Grub">GRUB</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <sect2 role="package">
+    <title/>
+    <para>The GRUB package contains the GRand Unified Bootloader.</para>
+    <segmentedlist>
+      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
+      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
+      <seglistitem>
+        <seg>&grub-fin-sbu;</seg>
+        <seg>&grub-fin-du;</seg>
+      </seglistitem>
+    </segmentedlist>
   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+    <title>GRUB Naming Conventions</title>
+    <para>GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in
+    the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
+    is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
+    number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition number
+    starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions.
+    Note that this is different from earlier versions where
+    both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename
+    class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to
+    GRUB and <filename class="partition">sdb3</filename> is
+    <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not
+    consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD
+    on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive
+    on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive
+    would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para>
+  <sect2 role="installation">
+    <title>Installation of GRUB</title>
+    <para>Prepare GRUB for compilation:</para>
+<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr          \
+            --sbindir=/sbin        \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
+            --disable-efiemu       \
+            --disable-werror</userinput></screen>
+    <variablelist>
+      <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>This allows the build to complete with warnings introduced
+          by more recent Flex versions.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><parameter>--disable-efiemu</parameter></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>This option minimizes what is built by disabling a feature and
+          testing programs not needed for LFS.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+    <para>Compile the package:</para>
+<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
+    <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
+    <para>Install the package:</para>
+<screen><userinput remap="install">make install
+mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/grub /usr/share/bash-completion/completions</userinput></screen>
+  <para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in
+  <xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/>.</para>
   </sect2>
+  <sect2>
+    <title>Setting Up the Configuration</title>
+    <para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the
+    hard disk.  This area is not part of any file system.  The programs
+    there access GRUB modules in the boot partition.  The default location
+    is /boot/grub/.</para>
+    <para>The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that
+    affects the configuration.  One recommendation is to have a separate small
+    (suggested size is 100 MB) partition just for boot information.  That way
+    each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot
+    files and access can be made from any booted system.  If you choose to do
+    this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the
+    current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the
+    linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition.
+    You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename
+    class="directory">/boot</filename>.  If you do this, be sure to update
+    <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para>
+    <para>Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration
+    for multiple systems is more difficult.</para>
+    <para>Using the above information, determine the appropriate
+    designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate
+    one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root
+    (or separate boot) partition is <filename
+    class="partition">sda2</filename>.</para>
+    <para>Install the GRUB files into <filename
+    class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para>
+    <warning>
+      <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not
+      run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party
+      boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para>
+    </warning>
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput></screen>
+    <note>
+      <para>If the system has been booted using UEFI,
+      <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the
+      <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files
+      have not been installed in chapter 6. If this is the case, add
+      <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.</para>
+    </note>
+<!-- This does not seem to be true any more
+    <note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another
+    program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'".
+    If so, create a temporary symbolic link from your root partition to /dev/root:</para>
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>ln -sv /dev/sda2 /dev/root</userinput></screen>
+    <para>The symbolic link will only be present until the system is rebooted.
+    The link is only needed for the installation procedure.
+    </para></note>
+-->
+  <sect2 id="contents-gRUB" role="content">
+    <title>Contents of GRUB</title>
+    <segmentedlist>
+      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
+      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
+      <seglistitem>
+       <seg>grub-bios-setup,      grub-editenv,    grub-file,        grub-fstest,
+            grub-glue-efi,        grub-install,    grub-kbdcomp,     grub-macbless,
+            grub-menulst2cfg,     grub-mkconfig,
+                                  grub-mkimage,    grub-mklayout,    grub-mknetdir,
+            grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2, grub-mkrelpath,  grub-mkrescue,    grub-mkstandalone,
+            grub-ofpathname,      grub-probe,      grub-reboot,      grub-render-label,
+            grub-script-check,
+            grub-set-default,     grub-sparc64-setup, and grub-syslinux2cfg</seg>
+        <seg>/usr/lib/grub, /etc/grub.d, /usr/share/grub, and /boot/grub (when grub-install
+        is first run)</seg>
+      </seglistitem>
+    </segmentedlist>
+    <variablelist>
+      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
+      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
+      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-bios-setup">
+        <term><command>grub-bios-setup</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is a helper program for grub-install</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-bios-setup">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-bios-setup">grub-bios-setup</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-editenv">
+        <term><command>grub-editenv</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>A tool to edit the environment block</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-editenv">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-editenv">grub-editenv</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-file">
+        <term><command>grub-file</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Checks if FILE is of the specified type.</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-file">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-file">grub-file</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-fstest">
+        <term><command>grub-fstest</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Tool to debug the filesystem driver</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-fstest">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-fstest">grub-fstest</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-glue-efi">
+        <term><command>grub-glue-efi</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Processes ia32 and amd64 EFI images and glues them
+          according to Apple format.</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-glue-efi">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-glue-efi">grub-glue-efi</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-install">
+        <term><command>grub-install</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Install GRUB on your drive</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-install">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-install">grub-install</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-kbdcomp">
+        <term><command>grub-kbdcomp</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Script that converts an xkb layout into one recognized by
+          GRUB</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-kbdcomp">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-kbdcomp">grub-kbdcomp</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-macbless">
+        <term><command>grub-macbless</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Mac-style bless on HFS or HFS+ files</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-macbless">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-macbless">grub-macbless</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-menulst2cfg">
+        <term><command>grub-menulst2cfg</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Converts a GRUB Legacy <filename>menu.lst</filename>
+          into a <filename>grub.cfg</filename> for use with GRUB 2</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-menulst2cfg">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-menulst2cfg">grub-menulst2cfg</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkconfig">
+        <term><command>grub-mkconfig</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Generate a grub config file</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkconfig">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkconfig">grub-mkconfig</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkimage">
+        <term><command>grub-mkimage</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Make a bootable image of GRUB</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkimage">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkimage">grub-mkimage</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mklayout">
+        <term><command>grub-mklayout</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Generates a GRUB keyboard layout file</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mklayout">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mklayout">grub-mklayout</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mknetdir">
+        <term><command>grub-mknetdir</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Prepares a GRUB netboot directory</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mknetdir">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mknetdir">grub-mknetdir</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2">
+        <term><command>grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Generates an encrypted PBKDF2 password for use in the boot
+          menu</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2">grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkrelpath">
+        <term><command>grub-mkrelpath</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Makes a system pathname relative to its root</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkrelpath">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkrelpath">grub-mkrelpath</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkrescue">
+        <term><command>grub-mkrescue</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Make a bootable image of GRUB suitable for a floppy disk or CDROM/DVD</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkrescue">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkrescue">grub-mkrescue</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-mkstandalone">
+        <term><command>grub-mkstandalone</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Generates a standalone image</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-mkstandalone">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-mkstandalone">grub-mkstandalone</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-ofpathname">
+        <term><command>grub-ofpathname</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is a helper program that prints the path of a GRUB device</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-ofpathname">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-ofpathname">grub-ofpathname</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-probe">
+        <term><command>grub-probe</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Probe device information for a given path or device</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-probe">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-probe">grub-probe</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-reboot">
+        <term><command>grub-reboot</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Sets the default boot entry for GRUB for the next boot only</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-reboot">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-reboot">grub-reboot</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-render-label">
+        <term><command>grub-render-label</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Render Apple .disk_label for Apple Macs</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-render-label">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-render-label">grub-render-label</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-script-check">
+        <term><command>grub-script-check</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Checks GRUB configuration script for syntax errors</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-script-check">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-script-check">grub-script-check</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-set-default">
+        <term><command>grub-set-default</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Sets the default boot entry for GRUB</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-set-default">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-set-default">grub-set-default</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-sparc64-setup">
+        <term><command>grub-sparc64-setup</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is a helper program for grub-setup</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-sparc64-setup">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-sparc64-setup">grub-setup</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry id="grub-syslinux2cfg">
+        <term><command>grub-syslinux2cfg</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Transform a syslinux config file into grub.cfg format</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grub grub-syslinux2cfg">
+            <primary sortas="b-grub-syslinux2cfg">grub-syslinux2cfg</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
   </sect2>
-  <sect2 id="grub-cfg">
-    <title>Creating the GRUB Configuration File</title>
-    <para>Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:</para>
-    <screen arch="default" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF"
-<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-set default=0
-set timeout=5
-insmod ext2
-set root=(hd0,2)
-menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;" {
-        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro
-}</literal>
-EOF</userinput></screen>
-    <screen arch="default" revision="systemd"><userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF"
-<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-set default=0
-set timeout=5
-insmod ext2
-set root=(hd0,2)
-menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;" {
-        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 ro
-}</literal>
-EOF</userinput></screen>
-    <screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF"
-<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-set default=0
-set timeout=5
-insmod ext2
-set root=(hd0,2)
-menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;-multilib" {
-        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;-multilib root=/dev/sda2 ro
-}</literal>
-EOF</userinput></screen>
-    <screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all" revision="systemd"><userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF"
-<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
-set default=0
-set timeout=5
-insmod ext2
-set root=(hd0,2)
-menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;-multilib" {
-        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;-multilib root=/dev/sda2 ro
-}</literal>
-EOF</userinput></screen>
-    <note><para>From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the
-    kernel files are relative to the partition used.  If you
-    used a separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above
-    <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line.  You will also need to change the
-    <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot partition.
-    </para></note>
-    <para>GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
-    number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating
-    systems, and partition types.  There are also many options for customization
-    such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc.  The
-    details of these options are beyond the scope of this introduction.</para>
-    <caution><para>There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that
-    can write a configuration file automatically.  It uses a set of scripts in
-    /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.  These scripts
-    are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for
-    LFS.  If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance
-    that this program will be run.  Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution>
-   </sect2>
 </sect1>

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