Changeset 978d0bf


Ignore:
Timestamp:
09/24/2003 10:29:16 PM (21 years ago)
Author:
Alex Gronenwoud <alex@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.0-rc1, 10.1, 10.1-rc1, 11.0, 11.0-rc1, 11.0-rc2, 11.0-rc3, 11.1, 11.1-rc1, 11.2, 11.2-rc1, 11.3, 11.3-rc1, 12.0, 12.0-rc1, 12.1, 12.1-rc1, 6.0, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5-systemd, 7.6, 7.6-systemd, 7.7, 7.7-systemd, 7.8, 7.8-systemd, 7.9, 7.9-systemd, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, arm, bdubbs/gcc13, ml-11.0, multilib, renodr/libudev-from-systemd, s6-init, trunk, v5_0, v5_1, v5_1_1, xry111/arm64, xry111/arm64-12.0, xry111/clfs-ng, xry111/lfs-next, xry111/loongarch, xry111/loongarch-12.0, xry111/loongarch-12.1, xry111/mips64el, xry111/pip3, xry111/rust-wip-20221008, xry111/update-glibc
Children:
3a788f0c
Parents:
aa49729
Message:

Changing the style of the command descriptions in appendix A.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@2879 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

Location:
appendixa
Files:
50 edited

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Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • appendixa/autoconf-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    44
    55<para>(Last checked against version &autoconf-contversion;.)</para>
     6
    67<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    7 <sect4><title>autoconf</title>
    8 <para>autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically
    9 configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of
    10 Unix-like systems. The configuration scripts produced by autoconf are
    11 independent of autoconf when they are run, so their users do not need to
    12 have autoconf.</para></sect4>
    138
    14 <sect4><title>autoheader</title>
    15 <para>The autoheader program can create a template file of C #define
    16 statements for configure to use.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>autoconf</command> is a tool for producing shell scripts
     10that automatically configure software source code packages to adapt to many
     11kinds of Unix-like systems. The configuration scripts it produces are
     12independent -- running them does not require the autoconf program.</para>
    1713
    18 <sect4><title>autom4te</title>
    19 <para>autom4te runs GNU M4 on files.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>autoheader</command> is a tool for creating template files
     15of C #define statements for configure to use.</para>
    2016
    21 <sect4><title>autoreconf</title>
    22 <para>If there are a lot of autoconf-generated configure scripts, the
    23 autoreconf program can save some work. It runs autoconf and
    24 autoheader (where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the autoconf
    25 configure scripts and configuration header templates in the directory
    26 tree rooted at the current directory.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>autom4te</command> is a wrapper for the M4 macro
     18processor.</para>
    2719
    28 <sect4><title>autoscan</title>
    29 <para>The autoscan program can help to create a configure.in file for
    30 a software package. autoscan examines the source files in a directory
    31 tree. If a directory is not specified on the command line, then the
    32 current working directory is used. The source files are searched for
    33 common portability problems and a configure.scan file is created to
    34 serve as the preliminary configure.in for that package.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>autoreconf</command> comes in handy when there are a lot
     21of autoconf-generated configure scripts around. The program runs autoconf and
     22autoheader repeatedly (where appropriate) to remake the autoconf configure
     23scripts and configuration header templates in a given directory tree.</para>
    3524
    36 <sect4><title>autoupdate</title>
    37 <para>The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls
    38 autoconf macros by their old names to use the current
    39 macro names.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>autoscan</command> can help to create a
     26<filename>configure.in</filename> file for a software package. It examines
     27the source files in a directory tree, searching them for common portability
     28problems and creates a <filename>configure.scan</filename> file that serves as
     29as a preliminary <filename>configure.in</filename> for the package.</para>
    4030
    41 <sect4><title>ifnames</title>
    42 <para>ifnames can help when writing a configure.in for a software
    43 package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C
    44 preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to
    45 have some portability, this program can help to determine what configure
    46 needs to check. It may fill in some gaps in a configure.in file generated
    47 by autoscan.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>autoupdate</command> modifies a
     32<filename>configure.in</filename> file that still calls autoconf macros
     33by their old names to use the current macro names.</para>
     34
     35<para><command>ifnames</command> can be helpful when writing a
     36<filename>configure.in</filename> for a software package. It prints the
     37identifiers that the package uses in C preprocessor conditionals. If a package
     38has already been set up to have some portability, this program can help to
     39determine what <userinput>configure</userinput> needs to check. It can fill
     40in some gaps in a <filename>configure.in</filename> file generated by
     41autoscan.</para>
    4842
    4943</sect3>
    5044
    5145</sect2>
     46

  • appendixa/automake-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>acinstall</title>
    10 <para>acinstall is a script which installs aclocal-style M4 files.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>acinstall</command> is a script that installs
     10aclocal-style M4 files.</para>
    1111
    12 <sect4><title>aclocal, aclocal-1.6</title>
    13 <para>automake includes a number of autoconf macros which can be used in
    14 packages, some of which are needed by automake in certain
    15 situations. These macros must be defined in the aclocal.m4-file
    16 or they will not be seen by autoconf.</para>
     12<para><command>aclocal</command> generates <filename>aclocal.m4</filename>
     13files based on the contents of <filename>configure.in</filename> files.</para>
    1714
    18 <para>The aclocal program will automatically generate aclocal.m4 files
    19 based on the contents of configure.in. This provides a convenient
    20 way to get automake-provided macros without having to search around.
    21 Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use
    22 by other packages.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>automake</command> is a tool for automatically generating
     16<filename>Makefile.in</filename>'s from files called
     17<filename>Makefile.am</filename>. To create all the
     18<filename>Makefile.in</filename> files for a package, run this program in the
     19top level directory. By scanning the <filename>configure.in</filename>s it
     20automatically finds each appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> and
     21generate the corresponding <filename>Makefile.in</filename>.</para>
    2322
    24 <sect4><title>automake, automake-1.6</title>
    25 <para>To create all the Makefile.in files for a package, run the
    26 automake program in the top level directory, with no
    27 arguments. automake will automatically find each appropriate
    28 Makefile.am (by scanning configure.in) and generate the corresponding
    29 Makefile.in.</para></sect4>
     23<para><command>compile</command> is a wrapper for compilers.</para>
    3024
    31 <sect4><title>compile</title>
    32 <para>compile is script which acts as a wrapper for compilers.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>config.guess</command> is a script that attempts to guess
     26the canonical triplet for the given build, host, or target architecture.</para>
    3327
    34 <sect4><title>config.guess</title>
    35 <para>config.guess is a script which attempts to guess a canonical system
    36 name.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>config.sub</command> is a configuration validation
     29subroutine script.</para>
    3730
    38 <sect4><title>config.sub</title>
    39 <para>config.sub is a configuration validation subroutine script.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>depcomp</command> is a script for compiling a program
     32so that not only the desired output is generated but also dependency
     33information.</para>
    4034
    41 <sect4><title>depcomp</title>
    42 <para>depcomp is a script which compiles a program while generating
    43 dependencies as side-effects.</para></sect4>
     35<para><command>elisp-comp</command> byte-compiles Emacs Lisp code.</para>
    4436
    45 <sect4><title>elisp-comp</title>
    46 <para>elisp-comp is a script which byte-compiles .el files.</para></sect4>
     37<para><command>install-sh</command> is a script that installs a program,
     38a script, or a datafile.</para>
    4739
    48 <sect4><title>install-sh</title>
    49 <para>install-sh is a script which installs a program, script, or a
    50 datafile.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>mdate-sh</command> is a script that prints the modification
     41time of a file or directory.</para>
    5142
    52 <sect4><title>mdate-sh</title>
    53 <para>mdate-sh is a script which prints the modification time of a file
    54 or directory.</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>missing</command> is a script acting as a common stub for
     44missing GNU programs during an installation.</para>
    5545
    56 <sect4><title>missing</title>
    57 <para>missing is a script which acts as a common stub for a few missing
    58 GNU programs during an installation.</para></sect4>
     46<para><command>mkinstalldirs</command> is a script that creates a directory
     47tree.</para>
    5948
    60 <sect4><title>mkinstalldirs</title>
    61 <para>mkinstalldirs is a script which makes a directory
    62 hierarchy.</para></sect4>
     49<para><command>py-compile</command> compiles a Python program.</para>
    6350
    64 <sect4><title>py-compile</title>
    65 <para>py-compile is a script which compiles a Python program.</para></sect4>
    66 
    67 <sect4><title>ylwrap</title>
    68 <para>ylwrap is a script which acts as a wrapper for lex/yacc
    69 invocations.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>ylwrap</command> is a wrapper for lex and yacc.</para>
    7052
    7153</sect3>
    7254
    7355</sect2>
     56

  • appendixa/bash-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>bash</title>
    10 <para>bash is the Bourne-Again SHell, which is a widely used command
    11 interpreter on Unix systems. The bash program reads from standard
    12 input (the keyboard). A user types something and the program will evaluate
    13 what he has typed and do something with it, like running a
    14 program.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>bash</command> is a widely-used command interpreter. It
     10performs all kinds of expansions and substitutions on a given command line
     11before executing it, thus making this interpreter a powerful tool.</para>
    1512
    16 <sect4><title>bashbug</title>
    17 <para>bashbug is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug
    18 reports concerning bash in a standard format.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>bashbug</command> is a shell script to help the user
     14compose and mail bug reports concerning bash in a standard format.</para>
    1915
    20 <sect4><title>sh</title>
    21 <para>sh is a symlink to the bash program. When invoked as sh, bash
    22 tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of sh as closely
    23 as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as
    24 well.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>sh</command> is a symlink to the bash program. When invoked
     17as sh, bash tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of sh as
     18closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.</para>
    2519
    2620</sect3>

  • appendixa/binutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>addr2line</title>
    10 <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
    11 Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
    12 the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
    13 with a given address.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>addr2line</command> translates program addresses to file
     10names and line numbers. Given an address and the name of an executable, it
     11uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which source
     12file and line number are associated with the address.</para>
    1413
    15 <sect4><title>ar</title>
    16 <para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
    17 is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
    18 it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
    19 the archive).</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>ar</command> creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
     15is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
     16it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
     17the archive).</para>
    2018
    21 <sect4><title>as</title>
    22 <para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler,
    23  gcc, for use by the linker ld.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>as</command> is an assembler. It assembles the output of
     20gcc into object files.</para>
    2421
    25 <sect4><title>gprof</title>
    26 <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>gprof</command> displays call graph profile data.</para>
    2723
    28 <sect4><title>ld</title>
    29 <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
    30 and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
    31 program to run is a call to ld.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>ld</command> is a linker. It combines a number of object
     25and archive files into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
     26references.</para>
    3227
    33 <sect4><title>nm</title>
    34 <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>nm</command> lists the symbols occurring in a given object file.</para>
    3529
    36 <sect4><title>objcopy</title>
    37 <para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
    38 uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
    39 the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
    40 object file.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>objcopy</command> is used to translate one type of object
     31file into another.</para>
    4132
    42 <sect4><title>objdump</title>
    43 <para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
    44 control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
    45 useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
    46 programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect4>
     33<para><command>objdump</command> displays information about the given
     34object file, with options controlling what particular information to display.
     35The information shown is mostly only useful to programmers who are working on
     36the compilation tools.</para>
    4737
    48 <sect4><title>ranlib</title>
    49 <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
    50 the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by an archive member
    51 that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>ranlib</command> generates an index of the contents of an
     39archive, and stores it in the archive. The index lists all the symbols defined
     40by archive members that are relocatable object files.</para>
    5241
    53 <sect4><title>readelf</title>
    54 <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>readelf</command> displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
    5543
    56 <sect4><title>size</title>
    57 <para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
    58 object files in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
    59 generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para></sect4>
     44<para><command>size</command> lists the section sizes -- and the grand
     45total -- for the given object files.</para>
    6046
    61 <sect4><title>strings</title>
    62 <para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
    63 that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
    64 option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
    65 default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
    66 sections of object files. For other types of files, it prints the strings
    67 from the whole file.</para>
     47<para><command>strings</command> outputs for each file given the sequences
     48of printable characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to 4)
     49For object files it prints by default only the strings from the initializing
     50and loading sections. For other types of files it scans the whole file.</para>
    6851
    69 <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para></sect4>
    70 
    71 <sect4><title>strip</title>
    72 <para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
    73 object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
    74 given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
    75 modified copies under different names.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>strip</command> discards symbols from object files.</para>
    7653
    7754</sect3>
    … …  
    7956<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    8057
    81 <sect4><title>libbfd</title>
    82 <para>libbfd is the Binary File Descriptor library.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>libbfd</command> is the Binary File Descriptor library.</para>
    8359
    84 <sect4><title>libopcodes</title>
    85 <para>libopcodes is a native library for dealing with opcodes and is
    86 used in the course of building utilities such as objdump. Opcodes are
    87 actually "readable text" versions of instructions for the
    88 processor.</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>libopcodes</command> is a library for dealing with opcodes.
     61It is used for building utilities like objdump. Opcodes are the "readable text"
     62versions of instructions for the processor.</para>
    8963
    9064</sect3>

  • appendixa/bison-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>bison</title>
    10 <para>bison is a parser generator, a replacement for yacc. yacc stands for Yet
    11 Another Compiler Compiler. What is bison then? It is a program that
    12 generates a program that analyzes the structure of a text file. Instead of
    13 writing the actual program a user specifies how things should be connected
    14 and with those rules a program is constructed that analyzes the
    15 text file. There are a lot of examples where structure is needed and
    16 one of them is the calculator.</para>
     9<para><command>bison</command> generates, from a series of rules, a program
     10for analyzing the structure of text files. Bison is a replacement for yacc
     11(Yet Another Compiler Compiler).</para>
    1712
    18 <para>Given the string :</para>
    19 
    20 <blockquote><literallayout>        1 + 2 * 3</literallayout></blockquote>
    21 
    22 <para>A human can easily come to the result 7. Why? Because of the structure.
    23 Our brain knows
    24 how to interpret the string. The computer doesn't know that and bison is a
    25 tool to help it understand by presenting the string in the following way
    26 to the compiler:</para>
    27 
    28 <blockquote><literallayout>            +
    29            / \
    30           *   1
    31          / \
    32         2   3</literallayout></blockquote>
    33 
    34 <para>Starting at the bottom of a tree and coming across the numbers 2 and
    35 3 which are joined by the multiplication symbol, the computer
    36 multiplies 2 and 3. The result of that multiplication is remembered and
    37 the next thing that the computer sees is the result of 2*3 and the
    38 number 1 which are joined by the add symbol. Adding 1 to the previous
    39 result makes 7. In calculating, the most complex calculations can be
    40 broken down in this tree format and the computer just starts at the
    41 bottom and works its way up to the top and comes with the correct
    42 answer. Of course, bison isn't only used for calculators
    43 alone.</para></sect4>
    44 
    45 <sect4><title>yacc</title>
    46 <para>This bash script calls bison using the -y option. This is for
    47 compatibility purposes for programs which use yacc instead of
    48 bison.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>yacc</command> is a wrapper for bison, meant for programs
     14that still call yacc instead of bison. It calls bison with the -y option.</para>
    4915
    5016</sect3>

  • appendixa/bootscripts-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>checkfs</title>
    10 <para>The checkfs script checks the file systems just before they are
    11 mounted (with the exception of journal and network based file
    12 systems).</para></sect4>
     9<para>The <command>checkfs</command> script checks the file systems just
     10before they are mounted (with the exception of journal and network based file
     11systems).</para>
    1312
    14 <sect4><title>cleanfs</title>
    15 <para>The cleanfs script removes files that shouldn't be preserved between
     13<para>The <command>cleanfs</command> script removes files that shouldn't be preserved between
    1614reboots, such as /var/run/* and /var/lock/*. It re-creates /var/run/utmp and
    1715removes the possibly present /etc/nologin, /fastboot and /forcefsck
    18 files.</para></sect4>
     16files.</para>
    1917
    20 <sect4><title>functions</title>
    21 <para>The functions script contains functions shared among different
    22 scripts such as error checking, status checking, etc.</para></sect4>
     18<para>The <command>functions</command> script contains functions shared among
     19different scripts, such as error and status checking.</para>
    2320
    24 <sect4><title>halt</title>
    25 <para>The halt script halts the system.</para></sect4>
     21<para>The <command>halt</command> script halts the system.</para>
    2622
    27 <sect4><title>ifdown, ifup</title>
    28 <para>The ifdown and ifup scripts assist the network script with
    29 network devices.</para></sect4>
     23<para>The <command>ifdown</command> and <command>ifup</command> scripts assist
     24the network script with network devices.</para>
    3025
    31 <sect4><title>loadkeys</title>
    32 <para>The loadkeys script loads the keymap table you specified as proper for
    33 your keyboard layout.</para></sect4>
     26<para>The <command>loadkeys</command> script loads the keymap table you
     27specified as proper for your keyboard layout.</para>
    3428
    35 <sect4><title>localnet</title>
    36 <para>The localnet script sets up the system's hostname and local loopback
    37 device.</para></sect4>
     29<para>The <command>localnet</command> script sets up the system's hostname and
     30local loopback device.</para>
    3831
    39 <sect4><title>mountfs</title>
    40 <para>The mountfs script mounts all file systems that aren't marked noauto
    41 or aren't network based.</para></sect4>
     32<para>The <command>mountfs</command> script mounts all file systems that
     33aren't marked noauto or aren't network based.</para>
    4234
    43 <sect4><title>mountproc</title>
    44 <para>The mountproc script is used to mount the proc filesystem.</para></sect4>
     35<para>The <command>mountproc</command> script is used to mount the proc
     36filesystem.</para>
    4537
    46 <sect4><title>network</title>
    47 <para>The network script sets up network interfaces, such as network cards,
    48 and sets up the default gateway where applicable.</para></sect4>
     38<para>The <command>network</command> script sets up network interfaces, such
     39as network cards, and sets up the default gateway where applicable.</para>
    4940
    50 <sect4><title>rc</title>
    51 <para>The rc script is the master runlevel control script. It is
    52 responsible for running all the other scripts one-by-one in a specific
    53 sequence.</para></sect4>
     41<para>The <command>rc</command> script is the master runlevel control script.
     42It is responsible for running all the other scripts one-by-one in a specific
     43sequence.</para>
    5444
    55 <sect4><title>reboot</title>
    56 <para>The reboot scripts reboots the system.</para></sect4>
     45<para>The <command>reboot</command> script reboots the system.</para>
    5746
    58 <sect4><title>sendsignals</title>
    59 <para>The sendsignals script makes sure every process is terminated before
    60 the system reboots or halts.</para></sect4>
     47<para>The <command>sendsignals</command> script makes sure every process is
     48terminated before the system reboots or halts.</para>
    6149
    62 <sect4><title>setclock</title>
    63 <para>The setclock scripts resets the kernel clock to localtime in case
    64 the hardware clock isn't set to GMT time.</para></sect4>
     50<para>The <command>setclock</command> script resets the kernel clock to
     51localtime in case the hardware clock isn't set to GMT time.</para>
    6552
    66 <sect4><title>swap</title>
    67 <para>The swap scripts enables and disables swap files and
    68 partitions.</para></sect4>
     53<para>The <command>swap</command> script enables and disables swap files and
     54partitions.</para>
    6955
    70 <sect4><title>sysklogd</title>
    71 <para>The sysklogd script starts and stops the system and kernel log
    72 daemons.</para></sect4>
     56<para>The <command>sysklogd</command> script starts and stops the system and
     57kernel log daemons.</para>
    7358
    74 <sect4><title>template</title>
    75 <para>The template script is a template you can use to create your own
    76 bootscripts for your other daemons.</para></sect4>
     59<para>The <command>template</command> script is a template you can use to
     60create your own bootscripts for your other daemons.</para>
    7761
    7862</sect3>

  • appendixa/bzip2-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>bunzip2</title>
    10 <para>bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with
    11 bzip2.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>bunzip2</command> decompresses bzipped files.</para>
    1210
    13 <sect4><title>bzcat</title>
    14 <para>bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard
    15 output.</para></sect4>
     11<para><command>bzcat</command> decompresses to standard output.</para>
    1612
    17 <sect4><title>bzcmp, bzdiff</title>
    18 <para>bzcmp and bzdiff are used to invoke the cmp or the diff program on
    19 bzip2 compressed files.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>bzcmp</command> runs cmp on bzipped files.</para>
    2014
    21 <sect4><title>bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep</title>
    22 <para>bzegrep, bzfgrep, and bzgrep invoke either egrep, fgrep, or grep
    23 (respectively) on bzip2-compressed files.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>bzdiff</command> runs diff on bzipped files.</para>
    2416
    25 <sect4><title>bzip2</title>
    26 <para>bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text
    27 compression algorithm and Huffman coding. Compression is generally
    28 considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based
    29 compressors (such as the traditional <userinput>gzip</userinput> utility)
    30 and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical
    31 compressors.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>bzgrep</command> and friends run grep on bzipped files.</para>
    3218
    33 <sect4><title>bzip2recover</title>
    34 <para>bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>bzip2</command> compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler
     20block sorting text compression algorithm with Huffman coding. The compression
     21rate is generally considerably better than that achieved by more conventional
     22compressors using LZ77/LZ78, like <userinput>gzip</userinput>.</para>
    3523
    36 <sect4><title>bzless</title>
    37 <para>bzless is a filter which allows examination of compressed
    38 or plain text files, one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
    39 terminal, like less.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>bzip2recover</command> tries to recover data from damaged
     25bzip2 files.</para>
    4026
    41 <sect4><title>bzmore</title>
    42 <para>bzmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed
    43 or plain text files, one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
    44 terminal, like more.</para></sect4>
     27<para><command>bzless</command> runs less on bzipped files.</para>
     28
     29<para><command>bzmore</command> runs more on bzipped files.</para>
    4530
    4631</sect3>
    … …  
    4833<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    4934
    50 <sect4><title>libbz2</title>
    51 <para>libbz2 is the library for implementing lossless, block-sorting data
    52 compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm.</para></sect4>
     35<para><command>libbz2</command> is the library implementing lossless,
     36block-sorting data compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm.</para>
    5337
    5438</sect3>
    5539
    5640</sect2>
     41

  • appendixa/coreutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    33<sect2><title>Descriptions</title>
    44
     5<para>(Last checked against the old Fileutils, Sh-utils and Textutils.)</para>
     6
    57<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    68
    7 <sect4><title>basename</title>
    8 <para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para></sect4>
    9 
    10 <sect4><title>cat</title>
    11 <para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to
    12 standard output.</para></sect4>
    13 
    14 <sect4><title>chgrp</title>
    15 <para>chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group,
    16 which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect4>
    17 
    18 <sect4><title>chmod</title>
    19 <para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which
    20 can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make or an octal
    21 number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect4>
    22 
    23 <sect4><title>chown</title>
    24 <para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each
    25 given file.</para></sect4>
    26 
    27 <sect4><title>chroot</title>
    28 <para>chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special
    29 root directory.</para></sect4>
    30 
    31 <sect4><title>cksum</title>
    32 <para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified
    33 file.</para></sect4>
    34 
    35 <sect4><title>comm</title>
    36 <para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para></sect4>
    37 
    38 <sect4><title>cp</title>
    39 <para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para></sect4>
    40 
    41 <sect4><title>csplit</title>
    42 <para>csplit outputs pieces of a file separated by (a) pattern(s) to files
    43 xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard
    44 output.</para></sect4>
    45 
    46 <sect4><title>cut</title>
    47 <para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
    48 output.</para></sect4>
    49 
    50 <sect4><title>date</title>
    51 <para>date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets
    52 the system date.</para></sect4>
    53 
    54 <sect4><title>dd</title>
    55 <para>dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
    56 default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing
    57 conversions on it.</para></sect4>
    58 
    59 <sect4><title>df</title>
    60 <para>df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
    61 containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space
    62 available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect4>
    63 
    64 <sect4><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
    65 <para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.
    66 These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents
    67 are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are, by default, listed in columns
    68 sorted vertically if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they
    69 are listed one per line. For dir, files are, by default, listed in columns
    70 sorted vertically. For vdir, files are, by default, listed in
    71 long format.</para></sect4>
    72 
    73 <sect4><title>dircolors</title>
    74 <para>dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.
    75 The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
    76 ls and related utilities.</para></sect4>
    77 
    78 <sect4><title>dirname</title>
    79 <para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para></sect4>
    80 
    81 <sect4><title>du</title>
    82 <para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each file or directory
    83 listed on the command-line and by each of their subdirectories.</para></sect4>
    84 
    85 <sect4><title>echo</title>
    86 <para>echo displays a line of text.</para></sect4>
    87 
    88 <sect4><title>env</title>
    89 <para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para></sect4>
    90 
    91 <sect4><title>expand</title>
    92 <para>expand converts tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
    93 output.</para></sect4>
    94 
    95 <sect4><title>expr</title>
    96 <para>expr evaluates expressions.</para></sect4>
    97 
    98 <sect4><title>factor</title>
    99 <para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified
    100 integer numbers.</para></sect4>
    101 
    102 <sect4><title>false</title>
    103 <para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect4>
    104 
    105 <sect4><title>fmt</title>
    106 <para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
    107 standard output.</para></sect4>
    108 
    109 <sect4><title>fold</title>
    110 <para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
    111 writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
    112 
    113 <sect4><title>groups</title>
    114 <para>groups prints a user's group memberships.</para></sect4>
    115 
    116 <sect4><title>head</title>
    117 <para>head prints the first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
    118 standard output.</para></sect4>
    119 
    120 <sect4><title>hostid</title>
    121 <para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current
    122 host.</para></sect4>
    123 
    124 <sect4><title>hostname</title>
    125 <para>hostname reports or sets the name of the current host.</para></sect4>
    126 
    127 <sect4><title>id</title>
    128 <para>id prints the effective user and group IDs of the current
    129 user or a given user.</para></sect4>
    130 
    131 <sect4><title>install</title>
    132 <para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible,
    133 their owner and group.</para></sect4>
    134 
    135 <sect4><title>join</title>
    136 <para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para></sect4>
    137 
    138 <sect4><title>kill</title>
    139 <para>kill terminates the given process.</para></sect4>
    140 
    141 <sect4><title>ln</title>
    142 <para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para></sect4>
    143 
    144 <sect4><title>logname</title>
    145 <para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para></sect4>
    146 
    147 <sect4><title>md5sum</title>
    148 <para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para></sect4>
    149 
    150 <sect4><title>mkdir</title>
    151 <para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para></sect4>
    152 
    153 <sect4><title>mkfifo</title>
    154 <para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para></sect4>
    155 
    156 <sect4><title>mknod</title>
    157 <para>mknod creates a FIFO, character special file or block special file
    158 with the given file name.</para></sect4>
    159 
    160 <sect4><title>mv</title>
    161 <para>mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending
    162 on the arguments given to mv.</para></sect4>
    163 
    164 <sect4><title>nice</title>
    165 <para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para></sect4>
    166 
    167 <sect4><title>nl</title>
    168 <para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
    169 added.</para></sect4>
    170 
    171 <sect4><title>nohup</title>
    172 <para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a
    173 log file.</para></sect4>
    174 
    175 <sect4><title>od</title>
    176 <para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
    177 specified file to standard output.</para></sect4>
    178 
    179 <sect4><title>paste</title>
    180 <para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
    181 lines from each specified file, separated by TABs,
    182 to standard output.</para></sect4>
    183 
    184 <sect4><title>pathchk</title>
    185 <para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect4>
    186 
    187 <sect4><title>pinky</title>
    188 <para>pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about
    189 a certain user.</para></sect4>
    190 
    191 <sect4><title>pr</title>
    192 <para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para></sect4>
    193 
    194 <sect4><title>printenv</title>
    195 <para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect4>
    196 
    197 <sect4><title>printf</title>
    198 <para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the C printf
    199 function).</para></sect4>
    200 
    201 <sect4><title>ptx</title>
    202 <para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para></sect4>
    203 
    204 <sect4><title>pwd</title>
    205 <para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory.</para></sect4>
    206 
    207 <sect4><title>rm</title>
    208 <para>rm removes files or directories.</para></sect4>
    209 
    210 <sect4><title>rmdir</title>
    211 <para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para></sect4>
    212 
    213 <sect4><title>seq</title>
    214 <para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain
    215 increment.</para></sect4>
    216 
    217 <sect4><title>sha1sum</title>
    218 <para>sha1sum prints or checks 160-bit SHA1checksums.</para></sect4>
    219 
    220 <sect4><title>shred</title>
    221 <para>shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its
    222 contents can't be recovered.</para></sect4>
    223 
    224 <sect4><title>sleep</title>
    225 <para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para></sect4>
    226 
    227 <sect4><title>sort</title>
    228 <para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard
    229 output.</para></sect4>
    230 
    231 <sect4><title>split</title>
    232 <para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
    233 PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para></sect4>
    234 
    235 <sect4><title>stty</title>
    236 <para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para></sect4>
    237 
    238 <sect4><title>su</title>
    239 <para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para></sect4>
    240 
    241 <sect4><title>sum</title>
    242 <para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified
    243 file.</para></sect4>
    244 
    245 <sect4><title>sync</title>
    246 <para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the
    247 super block.</para></sect4>
    248 
    249 <sect4><title>tac</title>
    250 <para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line
    251 first.</para></sect4>
    252 
    253 <sect4><title>tail</title>
    254 <para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
    255 standard output.</para></sect4>
    256 
    257 <sect4><title>tee</title>
    258 <para>tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and
    259 files.</para></sect4>
    260 
    261 <sect4><title>test</title>
    262 <para>test checks file types and compares values.</para></sect4>
    263 
    264 <sect4><title>touch</title>
    265 <para>touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the
    266 current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para></sect4>
    267 
    268 <sect4><title>tr</title>
    269 <para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
    270 input, writing to standard output.</para></sect4>
    271 
    272 <sect4><title>true</title>
    273 <para>true always exits with a status code indicating success.</para></sect4>
    274 
    275 <sect4><title>tsort</title>
    276 <para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
    277 in specified files.</para></sect4>
    278 
    279 <sect4><title>tty</title>
    280 <para>tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard
    281 input.</para></sect4>
    282 
    283 <sect4><title>uname</title>
    284 <para>uname prints system information.</para></sect4>
    285 
    286 <sect4><title>unexpand</title>
    287 <para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
    288 output.</para></sect4>
    289 
    290 <sect4><title>uniq</title>
    291 <para>uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect4>
    292 
    293 <sect4><title>uptime</title>
    294 <para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para></sect4>
    295 
    296 <sect4><title>users</title>
    297 <para>users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the
    298 current host.</para></sect4>
    299 
    300 <sect4><title>wc</title>
    301 <para>wc prints line, word and byte counts for each specified file and a
    302 total line, if more than one file is specified.</para></sect4>
    303 
    304 <sect4><title>who</title>
    305 <para>who shows who is logged on.</para></sect4>
    306 
    307 <sect4><title>whoami</title>
    308 <para>whoami prints the user name associated with the current
    309 effective user ID.</para></sect4>
    310 
    311 <sect4><title>yes</title>
    312 <para>yes outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly,
    313 until killed.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>basename</command> strips any path and a given suffix from
     10the given file name.</para>
     11
     12<para><command>cat</command> concatenates files to standard output.</para>
     13
     14<para><command>chgrp</command> changes the group ownership of each given
     15file to the given group. The group can be either given a a name or a numeric
     16ID.</para>
     17
     18<para><command>chmod</command> changes the permissions of each given file
     19to the given mode. The mode can be either a symbolic representation of the
     20changes to make, or an octal number representing the new permissions.</para>
     21
     22<para><command>chown</command> changes the user and/or group ownership of
     23each given file to the given user:group pair.</para>
     24
     25<para><command>chroot</command> runs a given command with the specified
     26directory as the <filename>/</filename> directory. The given command can be an
     27interactive shell. On most systems only <emphasis>root</emphasis> can do
     28this.</para>
     29
     30<para><command>cksum</command> prints the CRC checksum and the byte
     31counts of each specified file.</para>
     32
     33<para><command>comm</command> compares two sorted files, outputting in
     34three columns the lines that are unique, and the lines that are common.</para>
     35
     36<para><command>cp</command> copies files.</para>
     37
     38<para><command>csplit</command> splits a given file into several new files,
     39separating them according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting
     40the byte count of each new file.</para>
     41
     42<para><command>cut</command> prints parts of lines, selecting the parts
     43according to given fields or positions.</para>
     44
     45<para><command>date</command> displays the current time in the given
     46format, or sets the system date.</para>
     47
     48<para><command>dd</command> copies a file using the given blocksize and
     49count, while optionally performing conversions on it.</para>
     50
     51<para><command>df</command> reports the amount of disk space available
     52(and used) on all mounted filesystems, or only on the filesystems holding the
     53given files.</para>
     54
     55<para><command>dir</command> is the same as ls.</para>
     56
     57<para><command>dircolors</command> outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR
     58environment variable, to change the color scheme used by ls.</para>
     59
     60<para><command>dirname</command> strips the non-directory suffix from
     61a given file name.</para>
     62
     63<para><command>du</command> reports the amount of disk space used by the
     64current directory, or by each of the given directories including all their
     65subdirectories, or by each of the given files.</para>
     66
     67<para><command>echo</command> displays the given strings.</para>
     68
     69<para><command>env</command> runs a command in a modified environment.</para>
     70
     71<para><command>expand</command> converts tabs to spaces.</para>
     72
     73<para><command>expr</command> evaluates expressions.</para>
     74
     75<para><command>factor</command> prints the prime factors of all specified
     76integer numbers.</para>
     77
     78<para><command>false</command> does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always
     79exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
     80
     81<para><command>fmt</command> reformats the paragraphs in the given files.</para>
     82
     83<para><command>fold</command> wraps the lines in the given files.</para>
     84
     85<para><command>groups</command> reports a user's group memberships.</para>
     86
     87<para><command>head</command> prints the first ten lines (or the given
     88number of lines) of each given file.</para>
     89
     90<para><command>hostid</command> reports the numeric identifier
     91(in hexadecimal) of the host.</para>
     92
     93<para><command>hostname</command> reports or sets the name of the
     94host.</para>
     95
     96<para><command>id</command> reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
     97group memberships of the current user, or of a given user.</para>
     98
     99<para><command>install</command> copies files while setting their
     100permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group.</para>
     101
     102<para><command>join</command> joins from two files the lines that have
     103identical join fields.</para>
     104
     105<para><command>kill</command> terminates the given process.</para>
     106
     107<para><command>link</command> creates a hard link with the given name
     108to the given file.</para>
     109
     110<para><command>ln</command> makes hard links or soft links between files.</para>
     111
     112<para><command>logname</command> reports the current user's login name.</para>
     113
     114<para><command>ls</command> lists the contents of each given directory.
     115By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically.</para>
     116
     117<para><command>md5sum</command> reports or checks MD5 checksums.</para>
     118
     119<para><command>mkdir</command> creates directories with the given names.</para>
     120
     121<para><command>mkfifo</command> creates FIFOs with the given names.</para>
     122
     123<para><command>mknod</command> creates device nodes with the given names.
     124A device node is a character special file, or a block special file, or a FIFO.</para>
     125
     126<para><command>mv</command> moves or renames files or directories.</para>
     127
     128<para><command>nice</command> runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
     129
     130<para><command>nl</command> numbers the lines from the given files.</para>
     131
     132<para><command>nohup</command> runs a command immune to hangups, with
     133output redirected to a log file.</para>
     134
     135<para><command>od</command> dumps files in octal and other formats.</para>
     136
     137<para><command>paste</command> merges the given files, joining
     138sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by TABs.</para>
     139
     140<para><command>pathchk</command> checks whether file names are valid
     141or portable.</para>
     142
     143<para><command>pinky</command> is a lightweight finger. It reports
     144some information about the given users.</para>
     145
     146<para><command>pr</command> paginates and columnates files for printing.</para>
     147
     148<para><command>printenv</command> prints the environment.</para>
     149
     150<para><command>printf</command> prints the given arguments according to the
     151given format -- much like the C printf function.</para>
     152
     153<para><command>ptx</command> produces from the contents of the given files
     154a permuted index, with each keyword in its context.</para>
     155
     156<para><command>pwd</command> reports the name of the current directory.</para>
     157
     158<para><command>readlink</command> reports the value of the given symbolic
     159link.</para>
     160
     161<para><command>rm</command> removes files or directories.</para>
     162
     163<para><command>rmdir</command> removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
     164
     165<para><command>seq</command> prints a sequence of numbers, within a given
     166range and with a given increment.</para>
     167
     168<para><command>sha1sum</command> prints or checks 160-bit SHA1
     169checksums.</para>
     170
     171<para><command>shred</command> overwrites the given files repeatedly with
     172strange patterns, to make it real hard to recover the data.</para>
     173
     174<para><command>sleep</command> pauses for the given amount of time.</para>
     175
     176<para><command>sort</command> sorts the lines from the given files.</para>
     177
     178<para><command>split</command> splits the given file into pieces, by size
     179or by number of lines.</para>
     180
     181<para><command>stty</command> sets or reports terminal line settings.</para>
     182
     183<para><command>su</command> runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para>
     184
     185<para><command>sum</command> prints checksum and block counts for each
     186given file.</para>
     187
     188<para><command>sync</command> flushes filesystem buffers. It forces
     189changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
     190
     191<para><command>tac</command> concatenates the given files in reverse.</para>
     192
     193<para><command>tail</command> prints the last ten lines (or the given
     194number of lines) of each given file.</para>
     195
     196<para><command>tee</command> reads from standard input while writing both
     197to standard output and to the given files.</para>
     198
     199<para><command>test</command> compares values and checks file types.</para>
     200
     201<para><command>touch</command> changes file timestamps, setting the access
     202and modification times of the given files to the current time. Files that do
     203not exist are created with zero length.</para>
     204
     205<para><command>tr</command> translates, squeezes, and deletes the given
     206characters from standard input.</para>
     207
     208<para><command>true</command> does nothing, successfully. It always exits
     209with a status code indicating success.</para>
     210
     211<para><command>tsort</command> performs a topological sort. It writes a
     212totally ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file.</para>
     213
     214<para><command>tty</command> reports the file name of the terminal
     215connected to standard input.</para>
     216
     217<para><command>uname</command> reports system information.</para>
     218
     219<para><command>unexpand</command> converts spaces to tabs.</para>
     220
     221<para><command>uniq</command> discards all but one of successive
     222identical lines.</para>
     223
     224<para><command>unlink</command> removes the given file.</para>
     225
     226<para><command>uptime</command> reports how long the system has been
     227running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages.</para>
     228
     229<para><command>users</command> reports the names of the users currently
     230logged on.</para>
     231
     232<para><command>vdir</command> is the same as ls -l.</para>
     233
     234<para><command>wc</command> reports the number of lines, words, and bytes
     235for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given.</para>
     236
     237<para><command>who</command> reports who is logged on.</para>
     238
     239<para><command>whoami</command> reports the user name associated with the
     240current effective user ID.</para>
     241
     242<para><command>yes</command> outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly,
     243until killed.</para>
    314244
    315245</sect3>

  • appendixa/diffutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>cmp and diff</title>
    10 <para>cmp and diff both compare two files and report their differences. Both
    11 programs have extra options which compare files in
    12 different situations.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>cmp</command> compares two files and reports whether or
     10in which bytes they differ.</para>
    1311
    14 <sect4><title>diff3</title>
    15 <para>The difference between diff and diff3 is that diff compares 2 files,
    16 diff3 compares 3 files.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>diff</command> compares two files or directories and reports
     13which lines in the files differ.</para>
    1714
    18 <sect4><title>sdiff</title>
    19 <para>sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs
    20 the results.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>diff3</command> compares three files line by line.</para>
     16
     17<para><command>sdiff</command> merges two files and interactively outputs
     18the results.</para>
    2119
    2220</sect3>

  • appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>badblocks</title>
    10 <para>badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk
    11 partition).</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>badblocks</command> searches a device (usually a disk
     10partition) for bad blocks.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>chattr</title>
    14 <para>chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file
    15 system.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>chattr</command> changes the attributes of files on a
     13second extended (ext2) filesystem.</para>
    1614
    17 <sect4><title>compile_et</title>
    18 <para>compile_et is used to convert a table, listing error-code names
    19 and associated messages, into a C source file that is suitable for use
    20 with the com_err library.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>compile_et</command> is an error table compiler. It
     16converts a table of error-code names and messages into a C source file
     17suitable for use with the com_err library.</para>
    2118
    22 <sect4><title>debugfs</title>
    23 <para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine
    24 and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>debugfs</command> is a filesystem debugger. It can be
     20used to examine and change the state of an ext2 filesystem.</para>
    2521
    26 <sect4><title>dumpe2fs</title>
    27 <para>dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the
    28 filesystem present on a specified device.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>dumpe2fs</command> prints the super block and blocks group
     23information for the filesystem present on a given device.</para>
    2924
    30 <sect4><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
    31 <para>e2fsck and fsck.ext2 are used to check, and optionally repair, Linux
    32 second extended filesystems.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>e2fsck</command> is used to check, and optionally repair,
     26second extended (ext2) filesystems, and also ext3 filesystems.</para>
    3327
    34 <sect4><title>e2image</title>
    35 <para>e2image is used to save critical ext2 filesystem data to
    36 a file.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>e2image</command> is used to save critical ext2 filesystem
     29data to a file.</para>
    3730
    38 <sect4><title>e2label</title>
    39 <para>e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2
    40 filesystem located on the specified device.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>e2label</command> will display or change the filesystem
     32label on the ext2 filesystem present on a given device.</para>
    4133
    42 <sect4><title>fsck</title>
    43 <para>fsck is used to check, and optionally repair, a Linux file
    44 system.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>fsck</command> is used to check, and optionally repair,
     35filesystems. By default it checks the filesystems listed in
     36<filename>/etc/fstab</filename></para>
    4537
    46 <sect4><title>fsck.ext3</title>
    47 <para>fsck.ext3 is used to check, and optionally repair, a Linux ext3
    48 filesystems.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>lsattr</command> lists the attributes of files on a second
     39extended filesystem.</para>
    4940
    50 <sect4><title>lsattr</title>
    51 <para>lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended
    52 file system.</para></sect4>
     41<para><command>mk_cmds</command> converts a table of command names
     42and help messages into a C source file suitable for use with the
     43<filename>libss</filename> subsystem library.</para>
    5344
    54 <sect4><title>mk_cmds</title>
    55 <para>The mk_cmds utility takes a command table file as input and produces
    56 a C source file as output, which is intended to be used with the subsystem
    57 library, libss.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>mke2fs</command> is used to create a second extended
     46filesystem on the given device.</para>
    5847
    59 <sect4><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
    60 <para>mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device
    61 (usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>mklost+found</command> is used to create a
     49<filename>lost+found</filename> directory on a second extended filesystem.
     50It pre-allocates disk blocks to this directory to lighten the task of e2fsck.</para>
    6251
    63 <sect4><title>mkfs.ext3</title>
    64 <para>mkfs.ext3 is used to create an ext3 filesystem.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>resize2fs</command> can be used to enlarge or shrink an
     53ext2 filesystem.</para>
    6554
    66 <sect4><title>mklost+found</title>
    67 <para>mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current
    68 working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found
    69 pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it
    70 usable by e2fsck.</para></sect4>
     55<para><command>tune2fs</command> is used adjust tunable filesystem
     56parameters on a second extended filesystem.</para>
    7157
    72 <sect4><title>resize2fs</title>
    73 <para>resize2fs is used to resize ext2 file systems.</para></sect4>
    74 
    75 <sect4><title>tune2fs</title>
    76 <para>tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended
    77 filesystem.</para></sect4>
    78 
    79 <sect4><title>uuidgen</title>
    80 <para>The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID)
    81 using the libuuid library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique
    82 among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
    83 systems, in the past and in the future.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>uuidgen</command> creates new universally unique
     59identifiers (UUID). Each new UUID can reasonably be considered unique
     60among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other systems, in the
     61past and in the future.</para>
    8462
    8563</sect3>
    … …  
    8765<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    8866
    89 <sect4><title>libcom_err</title>
    90 <para>The common error display routine.</para></sect4>
     67<para><command>libcom_err</command> is the common error display routine.</para>
    9168
    92 <sect4><title>libe2p</title>
    93 <para>libe2p is used by dumpe2fs, chattr, and lsattr.</para></sect4>
     69<para><command>libe2p</command> is used by dumpe2fs, chattr, and lsattr.</para>
    9470
    95 <sect4><title>libext2fs</title>
    96 <para>The ext2fs library is designed to allow user-level programs to
    97 manipulate an ext2 filesystem.</para></sect4>
     71<para><command>libext2fs</command> contains routines to enable user-level
     72programs to manipulate an ext2 filesystem.</para>
    9873
    99 <sect4><title>libss</title>
    100 <para>libss is used by debugfs.</para></sect4>
     74<para><command>libss</command> is used by debugfs.</para>
    10175
    102 <sect4><title>libuuid</title>
    103 <para>The libuuid library is used to generate unique identifiers for
    104 objects that may be accessible beyond the local system.</para></sect4>
     76<para><command>libuuid</command> contains routines for generating unique
     77identifiers for objects that may be accessible beyond the local system.</para>
    10578
    10679</sect3>

  • appendixa/ed-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file description</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>ed</title>
    10 <para>ed is a line-oriented text editor. It is used to create, display,
    11 modify and otherwise manipulate text files.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>ed</command> is a line-oriented text editor. It can be used
     10to create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text files.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>red</title>
    14 <para>red is a restricted ed: it can only edit files in the current
    15 directory and cannot execute shell commands.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>red</command> is a restricted ed -- it can only edit files
     13in the current directory and cannot execute shell commands.</para>
    1614
    1715</sect3>

  • appendixa/file-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>file</title>
    10 <para>file tests each specified file in an attempt to classify it. There are
    11 three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests,
    12 magic number tests and language tests. The first test that succeeds
    13 causes the file type to be printed.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>file</command> tries to classify each given file. It does
     10this by performing several tests: filesystem tests, magic number tests, and
     11language tests. The first test that succeeds determines the result.</para>
    1412
    1513</sect3>

  • appendixa/findutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>bigram</title>
    10 <para>bigram is used together with code to produce older-style locate
    11 databases. To learn more about these last three programs, read the locatedb.5
    12 manual page.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>bigram</command> was formerly used to produce locate
     10databases.</para>
    1311
    14 <sect4><title>code</title>
    15 <para>code is the ancestor of frcode. It was used in older-style locate
    16 databases.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>code</command> was formerly used to produce locate
     13databases. It is is the ancestor of frcode.</para>
    1714
    18 <sect4><title>find</title>
    19 <para>The find program searches for files in a directory hierarchy which match
    20 a certain criteria. If no criteria is given, it lists all files in the
    21 current directory and its subdirectories.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>find</command> searches given directory trees for files
     16matching the specified criteria.</para>
    2217
    23 <sect4><title>frcode</title>
    24 <para>frcode is called by updatedb to compress the list of file names
    25 using front-compression, which reduces the database size by a factor of
    26 4 to 5.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>frcode</command> is called by updatedb to compress the
     19list of file names. It uses front-compression, reducing the database size by a
     20factor of 4 to 5.</para>
    2721
    28 <sect4><title>locate</title>
    29 <para>locate scans a database which contains all files and directories on a
    30 filesystem. This program lists the files and directories in this
    31 database matching a certain criteria. If a user is looking for a file this
    32 program will scan the database and tell him exactly where the files he
    33 requested are located. This only makes sense if the locate database is
    34 fairly up-to-date, else it will provide out-of-date information.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>locate</command> searches through a database of file names,
     23and reports the names that contain a given string or match a given pattern.</para>
    3524
    36 <sect4><title>updatedb</title>
    37 <para>The updatedb program updates the locate database. It scans the entire
    38 file system (including other file systems that are currently mounted
    39 unless it is told not to do so) and puts every directory and file it finds
    40 into the database that's used by the locate program, which retrieves this
    41 information. It's good practice to update this database once a day to
    42 have it up-to-date whenever it is needed.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>updatedb</command> updates the locate database. It scans
     26the entire filesystem (including other filesystems that are currently mounted,
     27unless told not to) and puts every file name it finds in the database.</para>
    4328
    44 <sect4><title>xargs</title>
    45 <para>The xargs command applies a command to a list of files. If there is
    46 a need to perform the same command on multiple files, a list can be created
    47 that names all those files (one per line) and xargs can perform that
    48 command on those files.</para></sect4>
     29<para><command>xargs</command> can be used to apply a given command to
     30a list of files.</para>
    4931
    5032</sect3>

  • appendixa/flex-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>flex</title>
    10 <para>flex is a tool for generating programs which recognize
    11 patterns in text. Pattern recognition is very useful in many applications.
    12 A user sets up rules about what to look for and flex will make a program
    13 that looks for those patterns. The reason people use flex is that it is
    14 much easier to set up rules for what to look for than to write the actual
    15 program which finds the text.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>flex</command> is a tool for generating programs that
     10recognize patterns in text. Pattern recognition is useful in many applications.
     11From a set of rules on what to look for flex makes a program that looks for
     12those patterns. The reason to use flex is that it is much easier to specify
     13the rules for than to write the actual pattern-finding program.</para>
    1614
    17 <sect4><title>flex++</title>
    18 <para>flex++ invokes a version of flex which is used exclusively for
    19 C++ scanners.</para></sect4>
    20 
    21 <sect4><title>lex</title>
    22 <para>We create a bash script called lex which calls flex using the -l option.
    23 This is for compatibility purposes for programs which use lex instead
    24 of flex.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>flex++</command> invokes a version of flex that is used
     16exclusively for C++ scanners.</para>
    2517
    2618</sect3>
    … …  
    2820<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    2921
    30 <sect4><title>libfl</title>
    31 <para>libfl is the flex library.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>libfl</command> is the flex library.</para>
    3223
    3324</sect3>

  • appendixa/gawk-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>awk</title>
    10 <para>awk is a symbolic link to gawk.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>gawk</command> is a program for manipulating text files.
     10It is the GNU implementation of awk.</para>
    1111
    12 <sect4><title>gawk, gawk-3.1.1</title>
    13 <para>gawk is the GNU implementation of awk, a pattern scanning and
    14 processing language.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>grcat</command> dumps the group database
     13<filename>/etc/group</filename>.</para>
    1514
    16 <sect4><title>grcat</title>
    17 <para>grcat concatenates the group database,
    18 /etc/group.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>igawk</command> gives gawk the ability to
     16include files.</para>
    1917
    20 <sect4><title>igawk</title>
    21 <para>igawk is a shell script which gives gawk the ability to
    22 include files.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>pgawk</command> is the profiling version of gawk.</para>
    2319
    24 <sect4><title>pgawk, pgawk-3.1.1</title>
    25 <para>pgawk is the profiling version of gawk.</para></sect4>
    26 
    27 <sect4><title>pwcat</title>
    28 <para>pwcat concatenates the password database,
    29 /etc/passwd.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>pwcat</command> dumps the password database
     21<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.</para>
    3022
    3123</sect3>
    3224
    3325</sect2>
     26

  • appendixa/gcc-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>cc, cc1, cc1plus, gcc</title>
    10 <para>These are the C compiler. A compiler translates source code in
    11 text format to a format that a computer understands. After a source code
    12 file is compiled into an object file, a linker will create an executable
    13 file from one or more of these compiler generated object files.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>c++filt</command> is used by the linker to demangle C++
     10symbols, to keep overloaded functions from clashing.</para>
    1411
    15 <sect4><title>c++, cc1plus, g++</title>
    16 <para>These are the C++ compiler, the equivalent of cc and
    17 gcc etc.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>cpp</command> is the C preprocessor. It is used by the
     13compiler to have the #include and #define and such statements expanded in
     14the source files.</para>
    1815
    19 <sect4><title>c++filt</title>
    20 <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
    21 possible to write many functions with the same name (providing each takes
    22 parameters of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into
    23 a low-level assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt
    24 program does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names
    25 into user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
    26 from clashing.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>g++</command> is the C++ compiler.</para>
    2717
    28 <sect4><title>collect2</title>
    29 <para>collect2 assists with the compilation of constructors.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>gcc</command> is the C compiler. It is used to translate
     19the source code of a program into assembly code.</para>
    3020
    31 <sect4><title>cpp, cpp0</title>
    32 <para>cpp pre-processes a source file, such as including the contents of
    33 header files into the source file. Simply add a line, such as #include
    34 &lt;filename&gt;, to your source file. The preprocessor will insert the
    35 contents of the included file into the source file.</para></sect4>
     21<para><command>gccbug</command> is a shell script used to help create
     22good bug reports.</para>
    3623
    37 <sect4><title>gccbug</title>
    38 <para>gccbug is a shell script which is used to simplify the creation of
    39 bug reports.</para></sect4>
    40 
    41 <sect4><title>gcov</title>
    42 <para>gcov analyzes programs to help create more efficient, faster running
    43 code through optimization.</para></sect4>
    44 
    45 <sect4><title>tradcpp0</title>
    46 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>gcov</command> is a coverage testing tool. It is used to
     25analyze programs to find out where optimizations will have the most effect.</para>
    4726
    4827</sect3>
    … …  
    5029<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    5130
    52 <sect4><title>libgcc, libgcc_eh, libgcc_s</title>
    53 <para>Run-time support files for gcc.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>libgcc*</command> contains run-time support for gcc.</para>
    5432
    55 <sect4><title>libiberty</title>
    56 <para>libiberty is a collection of subroutines used by various GNU
    57 programs including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul.</para></sect4>
     33<para><command>libiberty</command> contains routines used by various GNU
     34programs, including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul.</para>
    5835
    59 <sect4><title>libstdc++</title>
    60 <para>libstdc++ is the C++ library. It is used by C++ programs and contains
    61 functions that are frequently used in C++ programs. This way the
    62 programmer doesn't have to write certain functions (such as writing a
    63 string of text to the screen) from scratch every time he creates a
    64 program.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>libstdc++</command> is the standard C++ library. It contains
     37many frequently-used functions.</para>
    6538
    66 <sect4><title>libsupc++</title>
    67 <para>libsupc++ provides support for the c++ programming language. Among other
    68 things, libsupc++ contains routines for exception handling.</para></sect4>
     39<para><command>libsupc++</command> provides supporting routines
     40for the c++ programming language.</para>
    6941
    7042</sect3>

  • appendixa/gettext-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>config.charset</title>
    10 <para>The config.charset script outputs a system-dependent table of
    11 character encoding aliases.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>config.charset</command> outputs a system-dependent table of
     10character encoding aliases.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>config.rpath</title>
    14 <para>The config.rpath script outputs a system-dependent set of variables,
    15 describing how to set the run time search path of shared libraries in an
    16 executable.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>config.rpath</command> outputs a system-dependent set of
     13variables, describing how to set the runtime search path of shared libraries in an
     14executable.</para>
    1715
    18 <sect4><title>gettext</title>
    19 <para>The gettext package is used for internationalization (also known as
    20 i18n) and for localization (also known as l10n). Programs can be
    21 compiled with Native Language Support (NLS) which enable them to output
    22 messages in the user's native language rather than in the default English
    23 language.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>gettext</command> translates a natural language message into
     17the user's language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog.</para>
    2418
    25 <sect4><title>gettextize</title>
    26 <para>The gettextize program copies all standard gettext files into a
    27 directory. It's used to make a package with gettext translations.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>gettextize</command> copies all standard Gettext files into
     20the given top-level directory of a package, to begin internationalizing it.</para>
    2821
    29 <sect4><title>hostname</title>
    30 <para>The hostname program displays a network hostname in various
    31 forms.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>hostname</command> displays a network hostname in various
     23forms.</para>
    3224
    33 <sect4><title>msgattrib</title>
    34 <para>The msgattrib program filters the messages of a translation catalog
    35 according to their attributes and manipulates the attributes.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>msgattrib</command> filters the messages of a translation
     26catalog according to their attributes and manipulates the attributes.</para>
    3627
    37 <sect4><title>msgcat</title>
    38 <para>The msgcat program finds messages which are common in several raw
    39 translations.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>msgcat</command> concatenates and merges the given
     29<filename>.po</filename> files.</para>
    4030
    41 <sect4><title>msgcmp</title>
    42 <para>The msgcmp program compares two raw translation files.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>msgcmp</command> compares two <filename>.po</filename>
     32files to check that both contain the same set of msgid strings.</para>
    4333
    44 <sect4><title>msgcomm</title>
    45 <para>The msgcomm program searches messages which appear in several .po
    46 files. It's used to compare how things are translated.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>msgcomm</command> finds the messages that are common to
     35to the given <filename>.po</filename> files.</para>
    4736
    48 <sect4><title>msgconv</title>
    49 <para>The msgconv program converts a translation catalog to a different
    50 character encoding.</para></sect4>
     37<para><command>msgconv</command> converts a translation catalog to a
     38different character encoding.</para>
    5139
    52 <sect4><title>msgen</title>
    53 <para>The msgen program creates an English translation catalog.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>msgen</command> creates an English translation catalog.</para>
    5441
    55 <sect4><title>msgexec</title>
    56 <para>The msgexec program applies a command to all translations of a
    57 translation catalog.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>msgexec</command> applies a command to all translations of a
     43translation catalog.</para>
    5844
    59 <sect4><title>msgfilter</title>
    60 <para>The msgfilter program applies a filter to all translations of a
    61 translation catalog.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>msgfilter</command> applies a filter to all translations of a
     46translation catalog.</para>
    6247
    63 <sect4><title>msgfmt</title>
    64 <para>The msgfmt program compiles raw translation into machine code. It's
    65 used to create the final program/package translation file.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>msgfmt</command> generates a binary message catalog from
     49from a translation catalog.</para>
    6650
    67 <sect4><title>msggrep</title>
    68 <para>The msggrep program extracts all messages of a translation
    69 catalog that match a given pattern or belong to some given source
    70 files.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>msggrep</command> extracts all messages of a translation
     52catalog that match a given pattern or belong to some given source files.</para>
    7153
    72 <sect4><title>msginit</title>
    73 <para>The msginit program creates a new PO file, initializing the
    74 meta information with values from the user's environment.</para></sect4>
     54<para><command>msginit</command> creates a new  <filename>.po</filename>
     55file, initializing the meta information with values from the user's
     56environment.</para>
    7557
    76 <sect4><title>msgmerge</title>
    77 <para>The msgmerge program combines two raw translations into one file.
    78 It's used to update the raw translation with the source extract.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>msgmerge</command> combines two raw translations into a
     59single file.</para>
    7960
    80 <sect4><title>msgunfmt</title>
    81 <para>The msgunfmt program decompiles translation files into raw
    82 translation text. It can only be used if the compiled versions are
    83 available.</para></sect4>
     61<para><command>msgunfmt</command> decompiles a binary message catalog
     62into raw translation text.</para>
    8463
    85 <sect4><title>msguniq</title>
    86 <para>The msguniq program unifies duplicate translations in a translation
    87 catalog.</para></sect4>
     64<para><command>msguniq</command> unifies duplicate translations in a
     65translation catalog.</para>
    8866
    89 <sect4><title>ngettext</title>
    90 <para>The ngettext program displays native language translations of a
    91 textual message whose grammatical form depends on a number.</para></sect4>
     67<para><command>ngettext</command> displays native language translations of a
     68textual message whose grammatical form depends on a number.</para>
    9269
    93 <sect4><title>project-id</title>
    94 <para>The project-id script prints a package's identification package
    95 version or package.</para></sect4>
    96 
    97 <sect4><title>team-address</title>
    98 <para>The team-address script prints the team's address to stdout and
    99 outputs additional instructions.</para></sect4>
    100 
    101 <sect4><title>trigger</title>
    102 <para>The trigger script tests whether the current package is a GNOME or
    103 KDE package.</para></sect4>
    104 
    105 <sect4><title>urlget</title>
    106 <para>The urlget program gets the contents of a URL.</para></sect4>
    107 
    108 <sect4><title>user-email</title>
    109 <para>The user-email script prints the user's email address, with
    110 confirmation from the user.</para></sect4>
    111 
    112 <sect4><title>xgettext</title>
    113 <para>The xgettext program extracts the message lines from the programmers' C
    114 files. It's used to make the first translation template.</para></sect4>
     70<para><command>xgettext</command> extracts the translatable message lines
     71from the given source files, to make the first translation template.</para>
    11572
    11673</sect3>
    … …  
    11875<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    11976
    120 <sect4><title>libgettextlib</title>
    121 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     77<para><command>libgettextlib</command>...</para>
    12278
    123 <sect4><title>libgettextsrc</title>
    124 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     79<para><command>libgettextsrc</command>...</para>
    12580
    12681</sect3>
    12782
    12883</sect2>
     84

  • appendixa/glibc-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>catchsegv</title>
    10 <para>catchsegv can be used to create a stack trace when a program
    11 terminates with a segmentation fault.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>catchsegv</command> can be used to create a stack trace
     10when a program terminates with a segmentation fault.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>gencat</title>
    14 <para>gencat generates message catalogues.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>gencat</command> generates message catalogues.</para>
    1513
    16 <sect4><title>getconf</title>
    17 <para>getconf displays the system configuration values for filesystem
    18 specific variables.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>getconf</command> displays the system configuration values
     15for filesystem specific variables.</para>
    1916
    20 <sect4><title>getent</title>
    21 <para>getent gets entries from an administrative database.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>getent</command> gets entries from an administrative
     18database.</para>
    2219
    23 <sect4><title>glibcbug</title>
    24 <para>glibcbug creates a bug report about glibc and and mails it to the
    25 bug email address.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>glibcbug</command> creates a bug report and mails it to the
     21bug email address.</para>
    2622
    27 <sect4><title>iconv</title>
    28 <para>iconv performs character set conversion.</para></sect4>
     23<para><command>iconv</command> performs character set conversion.</para>
    2924
    30 <sect4><title>iconvconfig</title>
    31 <para>iconvconfig creates fastloading iconv module
    32 configuration file.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>iconvconfig</command> creates fastloading iconv module
     26configuration file.</para>
    3327
    34 <sect4><title>ldconfig</title>
    35 <para>ldconfig configures the dynamic linker run time bindings.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>ldconfig</command> configures the dynamic linker runtime
     29bindings.</para>
    3630
    37 <sect4><title>ldd</title>
    38 <para>ldd prints the shared libraries required by each program or shared
    39 library specified on the command line.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>ldd</command> reports which shared libraries are required
     32by each given program or shared library.</para>
    4033
    41 <sect4><title>lddlibc4</title>
    42 <para>lddlibc4 assists ldd with object files.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>lddlibc4</command> assists ldd with object files.</para>
    4335
    44 <sect4><title>locale</title>
    45 <para>locale is a Perl program which tells the compiler to enable
    46 (or disable) the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>locale</command> is a Perl program that tells the compiler
     37to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations.</para>
    4738
    48 <sect4><title>localedef</title>
    49 <para>localedef compiles locale specifications.</para></sect4>
     39<para><command>localedef</command> compiles locale specifications.</para>
    5040
    51 <sect4><title>mtrace</title>
    52 <para>(No description available yet.)</para></sect4>
     41<para><command>mtrace</command>...</para>
    5342
    54 <sect4><title>nscd</title>
    55 <para>nscd is a daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
    56 service requests.</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>nscd</command> is a name service cache daemon providing a
     44cache for the most common name service requests.</para>
    5745
    58 <sect4><title>nscd_nischeck</title>
    59 <para>nscd_nischeck checks whether or not secure mode is necessary for
    60 NIS+ lookup.</para></sect4>
     46<para><command>nscd_nischeck</command> checks whether or not secure mode
     47is necessary for NIS+ lookup.</para>
    6148
    62 <sect4><title>pcprofiledump</title>
    63 <para>pcprofiledump dumps information generated by
    64 PC profiling.</para></sect4>
     49<para><command>pcprofiledump</command> dumps information generated by
     50PC profiling.</para>
    6551
    66 <sect4><title>pt_chown</title>
    67 <para>pt_chown sets the owner, group and access permission of the
    68 slave pseudo terminal corresponding to the master pseudo terminal passed
    69 on file descriptor `3'. This is the helper program for the `grantpt'
    70 function. It is not intended to be run directly from the command
    71 line.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>pt_chown</command> is a helper program for grantpt to set
     53the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal.</para>
    7254
    73 <sect4><title>rpcgen</title>
    74 <para>rpcgen generates C code to implement the RPC protocol.</para></sect4>
     55<para><command>rpcgen</command> generates C code to implement the
     56RPC protocol.</para>
    7557
    76 <sect4><title>rpcinfo</title>
    77 <para>rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>rpcinfo</command> makes an RPC call to an RPC server.</para>
    7859
    79 <sect4><title>sln</title>
    80 <para>sln symbolically links dest to source. It is statically linked,
    81 needing no dynamic linking at all. Thus sln is useful to make symbolic
    82 links to dynamic libraries if the dynamic linking system for some reason
    83 is nonfunctional.</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>sln</command> is used to make symbolic links. The program
     61is statically linked, so it is useful for making symbolic links to dynamic
     62libraries if the dynamic linking system for some reason is nonfunctional.</para>
    8463
    85 <sect4><title>sprof</title>
    86 <para>sprof reads and displays shared object profiling data.</para></sect4>
     64<para><command>sprof</command> reads and displays shared object profiling
     65data.</para>
    8766
    88 <sect4><title>tzselect</title>
    89 <para>tzselect asks the user for information about the current location and
    90 outputs the resulting time zone description to standard output.</para></sect4>
     67<para><command>tzselect</command> asks the user about the location of the
     68system and reports the corresponding time zone description.</para>
    9169
    92 <sect4><title>xtrace</title>
    93 <para>xtrace traces execution of program by printing the currently executed
    94 function.</para></sect4>
     70<para><command>xtrace</command> traces the execution of a program by
     71printing the currently executed function.</para>
    9572
    96 <sect4><title>zdump</title>
    97 <para>zdump is the time zone dumper.</para></sect4>
     73<para><command>zdump</command> is the time zone dumper.</para>
    9874
    99 <sect4><title>zic</title>
    100 <para>zic is the time zone compiler.</para></sect4>
     75<para><command>zic</command> is the time zone compiler.</para>
    10176
    10277</sect3>
    … …  
    10479<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    10580
    106 <sect4><title>ld.so</title>
    107 <para>ld.so is the helper program for shared library
    108 executables.</para></sect4>
     81<para><command>ld.so</command> is the helper program for shared library
     82executables.</para>
    10983
    110 <sect4><title>libBrokenLocale</title>
    111 <para>Used by software, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales.</para></sect4>
     84<para><command>libBrokenLocale</command> is used by programs, such as
     85Mozilla, to solve broken locales.</para>
    11286
    113 <sect4><title>libSegFault</title>
    114 <para>libSegFault is a segmentation fault signal handler. It tries to catch
    115 segfaults.</para></sect4>
     87<para><command>libSegFault</command> is a segmentation fault signal
     88handler. It tries to catch segfaults.</para>
    11689
    117 <sect4><title>libanl</title>
    118 <para>libanl is an asynchronous name lookup library.</para></sect4>
     90<para><command>libanl</command> is an asynchronous name lookup
     91library.</para>
    11992
    120 <sect4><title>libbsd-compat</title>
    121 <para>libbsd-compat provides the portability needed in order to run certain
    122 programs in Linux.</para></sect4>
     93<para><command>libbsd-compat</command> provides the portability needed
     94in order to run certain BSD programs under Linux.</para>
    12395
    124 <sect4><title>libc, libc_nonshared</title>
    125 <para>These files constitute the main C library. The C library is a
    126 collection of commonly used functions in programs.
    127 This way a programmer doesn't need to create his own functions for every
    128 single task. The most common things like writing a string to the screen
    129 are already present and at the disposal of the programmer.</para>
     96<para><command>libc</command> is the main C library -- a collection of
     97commonly used functions.</para>
    13098
    131 <para>The C library (actually almost every library) comes in two flavors:
    132 a dynamic and a static one. In short, when a program uses a static C
    133 library, the code from the C library is copied into the executable file.
    134 When a program uses a dynamic library, the executable will not
    135 contain the code from the C library, but instead a routine that loads
    136 the functions from the library at the time the program is run. This
    137 means a significant decrease in the file size of a program. The
    138 documentation that comes with the C library describes this in more
    139 detail, as it is too complicated to explain here in one or two
    140 lines.</para></sect4>
     99<para><command>libcrypt</command> is the cryptography library.</para>
    141100
    142 <sect4><title>libcrypt</title>
    143 <para>libcrypt is the cryptography library.</para></sect4>
     101<para><command>libdl</command> is the dynamic linking interface library.</para>
    144102
    145 <sect4><title>libdl</title>
    146 <para>libdl is the dynamic linking interface library.</para></sect4>
     103<para><command>libg</command> is a runtime library for g++.</para>
    147104
    148 <sect4><title>libg</title>
    149 <para>libg is a runtime library for g++.</para></sect4>
     105<para><command>libieee</command> is the IEEE floating point library.</para>
    150106
    151 <sect4><title>libieee</title>
    152 <para>libieee is the IEEE floating point library.</para></sect4>
     107<para><command>libm</command> is the mathematical library.</para>
    153108
    154 <sect4><title>libm</title>
    155 <para>libm is the mathematical library.</para></sect4>
     109<para><command>libmcheck</command> contains code run at boot.</para>
    156110
    157 <sect4><title>libmcheck</title>
    158 <para>libmcheck contains code run at boot.</para></sect4>
     111<para><command>libmemusage</command> is used by memusage to help collect
     112information about the memory usage of a program.</para>
    159113
    160 <sect4><title>libmemusage</title>
    161 <para>libmemusage is used by memusage to help collect information about the
    162 memory usage of a program.</para></sect4>
     114<para><command>libnsl</command> is the network services library.</para>
    163115
    164 <sect4><title>libnsl</title>
    165 <para>libnsl is the network services library.</para></sect4>
     116<para><command>libnss*</command> are the Name Service Switch libraries,
     117containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names,
     118aliases, services, protocols,and the like.</para>
    166119
    167 <sect4><title>libnss_compat, libnss_dns, libnss_files,
    168 libnss_hesiod, libnss_nis, libnss_nisplus</title>
    169 <para>The basic idea is to put the implementation of the different services
    170 offered to access the databases in separate modules. This has some
    171 advantages:</para>
    172 <itemizedlist>
    173 <listitem><para>contributors can add new services without adding them to
    174 GNU C library,</para></listitem>
    175 <listitem><para>the modules can be updated separately,</para></listitem>
    176 <listitem><para>the C library image is smaller.</para></listitem>
    177 </itemizedlist></sect4>
     120<para><command>libpcprofile</command> contains profiling functions used
     121to track the amount of CPU time spent in which source code lines.</para>
    178122
    179 <sect4><title>libpcprofile</title>
    180 <para>Code used by the kernel to track CPU time spent in functions, source
    181 code lines, and instructions.</para></sect4>
     123<para><command>libpthread</command> is the POSIX threads library.</para>
    182124
    183 <sect4><title>libpthread</title>
    184 <para>The POSIX threads library.</para></sect4>
     125<para><command>libresolv</command> contains functions for creating,
     126sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers.</para>
    185127
    186 <sect4><title>libresolv</title>
    187 <para>Functions in this library provide for creating, sending, and
    188 interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers.</para></sect4>
     128<para><command>librpcsvc</command>contains functions providing
     129miscellaneous RPC services.</para>
    189130
    190 <sect4><title>librpcsvc</title>
    191 <para>Functions in this library provide miscellaneous RPC services.</para></sect4>
     131<para><command>librt</command> contains functions providing most of the
     132interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension.</para>
    192133
    193 <sect4><title>librt</title>
    194 <para>Functions in this library provide most of the interfaces specified by
    195 the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension.</para></sect4>
     134<para><command>libthread_db</command> contains functions useful for
     135building debuggers for multi-threaded programs.</para>
    196136
    197 <sect4><title>libthread_db</title>
    198 <para>Functions is this library are useful for building debuggers for
    199 multi-threaded programs.</para></sect4>
    200 
    201 <sect4><title>libutil</title>
    202 <para>Contains code for "standard" functions used in many different Unix
    203 utilities.</para></sect4>
     137<para><command>libutil</command> contains code for "standard" functions
     138used in many different Unix utilities.</para>
    204139
    205140</sect3>

  • appendixa/grep-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>egrep</title>
    10 <para>egrep prints lines from files matching an extended regular expression
    11 pattern.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>egrep</command> prints lines matching an extended regular
     10expression.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>fgrep</title>
    14 <para>fgrep prints lines from files matching a list of fixed strings,
    15 separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>fgrep</command> prints lines matching a list of fixed
     13strings.</para>
    1614
    17 <sect4><title>grep</title>
    18 <para>grep prints lines from files matching a basic regular expression
    19 pattern.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>grep</command> prints lines matching a basic regular
     16expression.</para>
    2017
    2118</sect3>

  • appendixa/groff-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>addftinfo</title>
    10 <para>addftinfo reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric
    11 information that is used by the groff system.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>addftinfo</command> reads a troff font file and adds some
     10additional font-metric information that is used by the groff system.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>afmtodit</title>
    14 <para>afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>afmtodit</command> creates a font file for use with
     13groff and grops.</para>
    1514
    16 <sect4><title>eqn</title>
    17 <para>eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files
    18 into commands that are understood by troff.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>eqn</command> compiles descriptions of equations embedded
     16within troff input files into commands that are understood by troff.</para>
    1917
    20 <sect4><title>geqn</title>
    21 <para>geqn is the GNU implementation of eqn.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>grn</command> is a groff preprocessor for gremlin files.</para>
    2219
    23 <sect4><title>grn</title>
    24 <para>grn is a groff preprocessor for gremlin files.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>grodvi</command> is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para>
    2521
    26 <sect4><title>grodvi</title>
    27 <para>grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>groff</command> is a front-end to the groff document
     23formatting system. Normally it runs the troff program and a post-processor
     24appropriate for the selected device.</para>
    2825
    29 <sect4><title>groff</title>
    30 <para>groff is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it
    31 runs the troff program and a post-processor appropriate for the selected
    32 device.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>grog</command> reads files and guesses which of the groff
     27options -e, -man, -me, -mm, -ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing
     28files, and reports the groff command including those options.</para>
    3329
    34 <sect4><title>grog</title>
    35 <para>grog reads files and guesses which of the groff options -e, -man, -me,
    36 -mm, -ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and prints the groff
    37 command including those options on the standard output.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>grolbp</command> is a groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers
     31(LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers).</para>
    3832
    39 <sect4><title>grolbp</title>
    40 <para>grolbp is a groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8
    41 series laser printers).</para></sect4>
     33<para><command>grolj4</command> is a driver for groff that produces output
     34in PCL5 format suitable for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para>
    4235
    43 <sect4><title>grolj4</title>
    44 <para>grolj4 is a driver for groff that produces output in PCL5 format suitable
    45 for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>grops</command> translates the output of GNU troff to
     37Postscript.</para>
    4638
    47 <sect4><title>grops</title>
    48 <para>grops translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript.</para></sect4>
     39<para><command>grotty</command> translates the output of GNU troff into
     40a form suitable for typewriter-like devices.</para>
    4941
    50 <sect4><title>grotty</title>
    51 <para>grotty translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for
    52 typewriter-like devices.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>gtbl</command> is the GNU implementation of tbl.</para>
    5343
    54 <sect4><title>gtbl</title>
    55 <para>gtbl is the GNU implementation of tbl.</para></sect4>
     44<para><command>hpftodit</command> creates a font file for use with
     45groff -Tlj4 from an HP-tagged font metric file.</para>
    5646
    57 <sect4><title>hpftodit</title>
    58 <para>hpftodit creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4 from an HP
    59 tagged font metric file.</para></sect4>
     47<para><command>indxbib</command> makes an inverted index for the
     48bibliographic databases a specified file for use with refer, lookbib,
     49and lkbib.</para>
    6050
    61 <sect4><title>indxbib</title>
    62 <para>indxbib makes an inverted index for the bibliographic databases a
    63 specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>lkbib</command> searches bibliographic databases for
     52references that contain specified keys and reports any references found.</para>
    6453
    65 <sect4><title>lkbib</title>
    66 <para>lkbib searches bibliographic databases for references that contain
    67 specified keys and prints any references found on the
    68 standard output.</para></sect4>
     54<para><command>lookbib</command> prints a prompt on the standard error
     55(unless the standard input is not a terminal), reads from the standard input
     56a line containing a set of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in
     57a specified file for references containing those keywords, prints any
     58references found on the standard output and repeats this process until the
     59end of input.</para>
    6960
    70 <sect4><title>lookbib</title>
    71 <para>lookbib prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
    72 is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set
    73 of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for
    74 references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the
    75 standard output and repeats this process until the end of input.</para></sect4>
     61<para><command>mmroff</command> is a simple preprocessor for groff.</para>
    7662
    77 <sect4><title>mmroff</title>
    78 <para>mmroff is a simple preprocessor for groff.</para></sect4>
     63<para><command>neqn</command> formats equations for ascii output.</para>
    7964
    80 <sect4><title>neqn</title>
    81 <para>The neqn script formats equations for ascii output.</para></sect4>
     65<para><command>nroff</command> is a script that emulates the nroff command
     66using groff.</para>
    8267
    83 <sect4><title>nroff</title>
    84 <para>The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff.</para></sect4>
     68<para><command>pfbtops</command> translates a Postscript font in .pfb
     69format to ASCII.</para>
    8570
    86 <sect4><title>pfbtops</title>
    87 <para>pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb format
    88 to ASCII.</para></sect4>
     71<para><command>pic</command> compiles descriptions of pictures embedded
     72within troff or TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or troff.</para>
    8973
    90 <sect4><title>pic</title>
    91 <para>pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input
    92 files into commands that are understood by TeX or troff.</para></sect4>
     74<para><command>pre-grohtml </command> translates  the output of GNU troff
     75to html.</para>
    9376
    94 <sect4><title>pre-grohtml and post-grohtml</title>
    95 <para>pre- and post-grohtml translate the output of GNU troff
    96 to html.</para></sect4>
     77<para><command>post-grohtml</command> translates the output of GNU troff
     78to html.</para>
    9779
    98 <sect4><title>refer</title>
    99 <para>refer copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except that
    100 lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as citations, and lines between .R1
    101 and .R2 are interpreted as commands about how citations are to be
    102 processed.</para></sect4>
     80<para><command>refer</command> copies the contents of a file to the
     81standard output, except that lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as
     82citations, and lines between .R1 and .R2 are interpreted as commands about
     83how citations are to be processed.</para>
    10384
    104 <sect4><title>soelim</title>
    105 <para>soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form
    106 <emphasis>.so file</emphasis> by the contents of
    107 <emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para></sect4>
     85<para><command>soelim</command> reads files and replaces lines of the form
     86<emphasis>.so file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
     87<emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para>
    10888
    109 <sect4><title>tbl</title>
    110 <para>tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files
    111 into commands that are understood by troff.</para></sect4>
     89<para><command>tbl</command> compiles descriptions of tables embedded
     90within troff input files into commands that are understood by troff.</para>
    11291
    113 <sect4><title>tfmtodit</title>
    114 <para>tfmtodit creates a font file for use with <userinput>groff
    115 -Tdvi</userinput>.</para></sect4>
     92<para><command>tfmtodit</command> creates a font file for use with
     93groff -Tdvi.</para>
    11694
    117 <sect4><title>troff</title>
    118 <para>troff is highly compatible with Unix troff. Usually it should be invoked
    119 using the groff command, which will also run preprocessors and
    120 post-processors in the appropriate order and with the appropriate
    121 options.</para></sect4>
     95<para><command>troff</command> is highly compatible with Unix troff.
     96Usually it should be invoked using the groff command, which will also run
     97preprocessors and post-processors in the appropriate order and with the
     98appropriate options.</para>
    12299
    123 <sect4><title>zsoelim</title>
    124 <para>zsoelim is the GNU implementation of soelim.</para></sect4>
     100<para><command>zsoelim</command> is the GNU implementation of soelim.</para>
    125101
    126102</sect3>
    127103
    128104</sect2>
     105

  • appendixa/grub-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    33<sect2><title>Descriptions</title>
    44
    5 <para>(To be determined)</para>
     5<para>(Last checked against version &grub-contversion;.)</para>
     6
     7<para><command>grub</command> is the GRand Unified Bootloader's command
     8shell.</para>
     9
     10<para><command>grub-install</command> installs GRUB on the given device.</para>
     11
     12<para><command>grub-md5-crypt</command> encrypts a password in MD5
     13format.</para>
     14
     15<para><command>grub-terminfo</command> generates a terminfo command from a
     16terminfo name. It can be used if you have an uncommon terminal.</para>
     17
     18<para><command>mbchk</command> checks the format of a multiboot kernel.</para>
    619
    720</sect2>

  • appendixa/gzip-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>gunzip, uncompress</title>
    10 <para>gunzip and uncompress decompress files which are compressed with
    11 gzip.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>gunzip</command> decompresses gzipped files.</para>
    1210
    13 <sect4><title>gzexe</title>
    14 <para>gzexe allows you to compress executables in place and have them
    15 automatically uncompress and execute when they are run (at a penalty in
    16 performance).</para></sect4>
     11<para><command>gzexe</command> is used to create self-uncompressing
     12executable files.</para>
    1713
    18 <sect4><title>gzip</title>
    19 <para>gzip reduces the size of the named files using
    20 Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>gzip</command> compresses the given files, using
     15Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) coding.</para>
    2116
    22 <sect4><title>zcat</title>
    23 <para>zcat uncompresses, and writes to standard output, either a list of files
    24 on the command line or a file being read from standard input.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>zcat</command> uncompresses the given gzipped files to
     18standard output.</para>
    2519
    26 <sect4><title>zcmp</title>
    27 <para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>zcmp</command> runs cmp on gzipped files.</para>
    2821
    29 <sect4><title>zdiff</title>
    30 <para>zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>zdiff</command> runs diff on gzipped files.</para>
    3123
    32 <sect4><title>zforce</title>
    33 <para>zforce forces a .gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not
    34 compress them twice. This can be useful for files with names truncated
    35 after a file transfer.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>zforce</command> forces a .gz extension on all given files
     25that are gzipped files, so that gzip will not compress them again. This can be
     26useful when file names were truncated during a file transfer.</para>
    3627
    37 <sect4><title>zgrep</title>
    38 <para>zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>zgrep</command> runs grep on gzipped files.</para>
    3929
    40 <sect4><title>zmore</title>
    41 <para>zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text
    42 files, one screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the
    43 more program).</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>zless</command> runs less on gzipped files.</para>
    4431
    45 <sect4><title>znew</title>
    46 <para>znew re-compresses files from .Z (compress) format to
    47 .gz (gzip) format.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>zmore</command> runs more on gzipped files.</para>
     33
     34<para><command>znew</command> recompresses files from compress format
     35to gzip format -- .Z to .gz.</para>
    4836
    4937</sect3>
    5038
    5139</sect2>
     40

  • appendixa/inetutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>ftp</title>
    10 <para>ARPANET file transfer program.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>ftp</command> is the ARPANET file transfer program.</para>
    1110
    12 <sect4><title>ping</title>
    13 <para>send ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.</para></sect4>
     11<para><command>ping</command> sends echo-request packets and reports how
     12long the replies take.</para>
    1413
    15 <sect4><title>rcp</title>
    16 <para>remote file copy.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>rcp</command> does remote file copy.</para>
    1715
    18 <sect4><title>rlogin</title>
    19 <para>remote login.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>rlogin</command> does remote login.</para>
    2017
    21 <sect4><title>rsh</title>
    22 <para>remote shell.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>rsh</command> runs a remote shell.</para>
    2319
    24 <sect4><title>talk</title>
    25 <para>talk to another user.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>talk</command> is used to chat up another user.</para>
    2621
    27 <sect4><title>telnet</title>
    28 <para>user interface to the TELNET protocol.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>telnet</command> is an interface to the TELNET protocol.</para>
    2923
    30 <sect4><title>tftp</title>
    31 <para>trivial file transfer program.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>tftp</command> is a trivial file transfer program.</para>
    3225
    33 <sect4><title>whois</title>
    34 <para>client for whois directory service.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>whois</command> queries the whois directory service.</para>
    3527
    36 <sect4><title>ftpd</title>
    37 <para>DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>ftpd</command> is a daemon for trivial file transfers.</para>
    3829
    39 <sect4><title>inetd</title>
    40 <para>internet super-service.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>inetd</command> is the internet super-service.</para>
    4131
    42 <sect4><title>rexecd</title>
    43 <para>remote execution server.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>rexecd</command> is the remote execution server.</para>
    4433
    45 <sect4><title>rlogind</title>
    46 <para>remote login server.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>rlogind</command> is the remote login server.</para>
    4735
    48 <sect4><title>rshd</title>
    49 <para>remote shell server.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>rshd</command> is the remote shell server.</para>
    5037
    51 <sect4><title>talkd</title>
    52 <para>remote user communication server.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>talkd</command> is the remote user communication server.</para>
    5339
    54 <sect4><title>telnetd</title>
    55 <para>DARPA TELNET protocol server.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>telnetd</command> is the TELNET protocol server.</para>
    5641
    57 <sect4><title>tftpd</title>
    58 <para>Internet Trivial File Transfer Protocol server.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>tftpd</command> is another daemon for trivial file transfers.</para>
    5943
    60 <sect4><title>uucpd</title>
    61 <para>No description available.</para></sect4>
     44<para><command>uucpd</command>...</para>
     45
    6246</sect3>
    6347
    6448</sect2>
     49

  • appendixa/kbd-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>chvt</title>
    10 <para>chvt changes foreground virtual terminal.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>chvt</command> changes the foreground virtual terminal.</para>
    1110
    12 <sect4><title>deallocvt</title>
    13 <para>deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para></sect4>
     11<para><command>deallocvt</command> deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para>
    1412
    15 <sect4><title>dumpkeys</title>
    16 <para>dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>dumpkeys</command> dumps the keyboard translation tables.</para>
    1714
    18 <sect4><title>fgconsole</title>
    19 <para>fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>fgconsole</command> prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para>
    2016
    21 <sect4><title>getkeycodes</title>
    22 <para>getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode
    23 mapping table.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>getkeycodes</command> prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode
     18mapping table.</para>
    2419
    25 <sect4><title>getunimap</title>
    26 <para>getunimap prints the currently used unimap.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>getunimap</command> prints the currently used unimap.</para>
    2721
    28 <sect4><title>kbd_mode</title>
    29 <para>kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>kbd_mode</command> reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para>
    3023
    31 <sect4><title>kbdrate</title>
    32 <para>kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>kbdrate</command> sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para>
    3325
    34 <sect4><title>loadkeys</title>
    35 <para>loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>loadkeys</command> loads the keyboard translation tables.</para>
    3627
    37 <sect4><title>loadunimap</title>
    38 <para>loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>loadunimap</command> loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para>
    3929
    40 <sect4><title>mapscrn</title>
    41 <para>mapscrn loads a user defined output character
    42 mapping table into the console driver. Note that it is obsolete and that its
    43 features are built into setfont.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>mapscrn</command> is an obsolete program that used to load
     31a user-defined output character mapping table into the console driver. This is
     32now done by setfont.</para>
    4433
    45 <sect4><title>openvt</title>
    46 <para>openvt starts a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>openvt</command> starts a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).</para>
    4735
    48 <sect4><title>psfaddtable, psfgettable, psfstriptable, psfxtable</title>
    49 <para>These are a set of tools for handling Unicode character tables for
    50 console fonts.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>psf*</command> are a set of tools for handling Unicode
     37character tables for console fonts.</para>
    5138
    52 <sect4><title>resizecons</title>
    53 <para>resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para></sect4>
     39<para><command>resizecons</command> changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para>
    5440
    55 <sect4><title>setfont</title>
    56 <para>This lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts in console.</para></sect4>
     41<para><command>setfont</command> lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts on the console.</para>
    5742
    58 <sect4><title>setkeycodes</title>
    59 <para>setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping
    60 table entries.</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>setkeycodes</command> loads kernel scancode-to-keycode
     44mapping table entries, useful if you have some unusual keys on your keyboard.</para>
    6145
    62 <sect4><title>setleds</title>
    63 <para>setleds sets the keyboard LEDs. Many people find it useful to have numlock
    64 enabled by default and, by using this program, you can
    65 achieve this.</para></sect4>
     46<para><command>setleds</command> sets the keyboard flags and LEDs. Many
     47people find it useful to have NumLock on by default, setleds +num achieves this.</para>
    6648
    67 <sect4><title>setlogcons</title>
    68 <para>setlogcons sends kernel messages to the console.</para></sect4>
     49<para><command>setlogcons</command> sends kernel messages to the console.</para>
    6950
    70 <sect4><title>setmetamode</title>
    71 <para>setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>setmetamode</command> defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para>
    7252
    73 <sect4><title>setvesablank</title>
    74 <para>This lets you fiddle with the built-in hardware screensaver
    75 (not toasters, only a blank screen).</para></sect4>
     53<para><command>setvesablank</command> lets you fiddle with the built-in
     54hardware screensaver (no toasters, just a blank screen).</para>
    7655
    77 <sect4><title>showfont</title>
    78 <para>showfont displays data about a font. The information shown includes font
    79 information, font properties, character metrics and
    80 character bitmaps.</para></sect4>
     56<para><command>showfont</command> displays data about a font, including
     57font properties, character metrics and character bitmaps.</para>
    8158
    82 <sect4><title>showkey</title>
    83 <para>showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by
    84 the keyboard.</para></sect4>
     59<para><command>showkey</command> reports the scancodes and keycodes and
     60ASCII codes of the keys pressed on the keyboard.</para>
    8561
    86 <sect4><title>unicode_start</title>
    87 <para>unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode.</para></sect4>
     62<para><command>unicode_start</command> puts the keyboard and console in
     63unicode mode.</para>
    8864
    89 <sect4><title>unicode_stop</title>
    90 <para>unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from
    91 unicode mode.</para></sect4>
     65<para><command>unicode_stop</command> reverts keyboard and console from
     66unicode mode.</para>
    9267
    9368</sect3>

  • appendixa/kernel-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    55<para>(Last checked against version &kernel-contversion;.)</para>
    66
    7 <sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
     7<sect3><title>File descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>linux kernel</title>
    10 <para>The Linux kernel is at the core of every Linux system. It's what makes
    11 Linux tick. When a computer is turned on and boots a Linux system, the
    12 very first piece of Linux software that gets loaded is the kernel. The
    13 kernel initializes the system's hardware components: serial ports, parallel
    14 ports, sound cards, network cards, IDE controllers, SCSI controllers and a
    15 lot more. In a nutshell the kernel makes the hardware available so that the
    16 software can run.</para></sect4>
    17 
    18 <sect4><title>linux kernel headers</title>
    19 <para>These are the files we copy to
    20 <filename>/usr/include/{linux,asm}</filename> in Chapter 6. They should
    21 match those which glibc was compiled against and therefore should
    22 <emphasis>not</emphasis> be replaced when upgrading the kernel. They are
    23 essential for compiling many programs.</para></sect4>
     9<para>The <emphasis>kernel</emphasis> is the engine of your GNU/Linux system.
     10When switching on your box, the kernel is the first part of your operating
     11system that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all the components of your
     12computer's hardware, then makes these components available as a tree of files
     13to the software, and turns a single CPU into a multi-tasking machine capable
     14of running scores of programs seemingly at the same time.</para>
     15                                                           
     16<para>The <emphasis>kernel headers</emphasis> define the interface to the
     17services that the kernel provides. The headers in your system's
     18<filename>include</filename> directory should <emphasis>always</emphasis> be
     19the ones against which Glibc was compiled and should therefore
     20<emphasis>not</emphasis> be replaced when upgrading the kernel.</para>
    2421
    2522</sect3>

  • appendixa/kernel-shortdesc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    1313<para>Linux installs the following files:</para>
    1414
    15 <sect3><title>Program Files</title>
     15<sect3><title>Files</title>
    1616<para>kernel and kernel headers</para></sect3>
    1717

  • appendixa/less-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>less</title>
    10 <para>The less program is a file pager (or text viewer). It
    11 displays the contents of a file and has the ability to scroll. Less is an
    12 improvement on the common pager called <quote>more</quote>. Less has
    13 the ability to scroll backwards through files as well and it doesn't need
    14 to read the entire file when it starts, which makes it faster when reading
    15 large files.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>less</command> is a file viewer or pager. It displays the
     10contents of the given file, letting you scroll around, find strings, and jump
     11to marks.</para>
    1612
    17 <sect4><title>lessecho</title>
    18 <para>lessecho is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in
    19 filenames on Unix systems.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>lessecho</command> is needed to expand metacharacters,
     14such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems.</para>
    2015
    21 <sect4><title>lesskey</title>
    22 <para>lesskey is used to specify key bindings for less.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>lesskey</command> is used to specify the key bindings
     17for less.</para>
    2318
    2419</sect3>

  • appendixa/lfs-utils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>mktemp</title>
    10 <para>mktemp creates temporary files in a secure manner for use in scripts.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>mktemp</command> creates temporary files in a secure manner.
     10It is used in scripts.</para>
    1111
    12 <sect4><title>tempfile</title>
    13 <para>tempfile creates temporary files in a less secure manner than mktemp.
    14 It is installed for backwards-compatibility.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>tempfile</command> creates temporary files in a less secure
     13manner than <userinput>mktemp</userinput>. It is installed for
     14backwards-compatibility.</para>
    1515
    16 <sect4><title>http-get</title>
    17 <para>http-get is a script that takes advantage of a little known
    18 feature of Bash called "net redirection". It is used to download from
    19 websites without using any third-party programs.</para></sect4>
     16<para>The <command>http-get</command> script takes advantage of a little known
     17feature of <userinput>bash</userinput> called "net redirection". It is used to
     18download from websites without using any other programs.</para>
    2019
    21 <sect4><title>iana-net</title>
    22 <para>iana-net uses the http-get to simplify the process of procuring
    23 IANA's services and protocols configuration files.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>iana-net</command> uses the <userinput>http-get</userinput>
     21script to simplify the process of procuring IANA's services and protocols
     22configuration files.</para>
    2423
    2524</sect3>

  • appendixa/libtool-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>libtool</title>
    10 <para>libtool provides generalized library-building
    11 support services.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>libtool</command> provides generalized library-building
     10support services.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>libtoolize</title>
    14 <para>libtoolize provides a standard way to add libtool support to a
    15 package.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>libtoolize</command> provides a standard way to add
     13libtool support to a package.</para>
    1614
    1715</sect3>
    … …  
    1917<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    2018
    21 <sect4><title>libltdl, libltdl.so.3, libltdl.so.3.1.0</title>
    22 <para>A small library that aims at hiding, from programmers,
    23 the various difficulties of dlopening libraries.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>libltdl*</command>...</para>
    2420
    2521</sect3>

  • appendixa/m4-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>m4</title>
    10 <para>m4 is a macro processor. It copies input to output, expanding macros as it
    11 goes. Macros are either built-in or user-defined and can take any number
    12 of arguments. Besides just doing macro expansion, m4 has built-in functions
    13 for including named files, running Unix commands, doing integer arithmetic,
    14 manipulating text in various ways, recursion, etc. The m4 program can be used either
    15 as a front-end to a compiler or as a macro processor in its own
    16 right.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>m4</command> copies the given files
     10while expanding the macros that it contains. These macros are either built-in
     11or user-defined and can take any number of arguments. Besides just doing macro
     12expansion, m4 has built-in functions for including named files, running Unix
     13commands, doing integer arithmetic, manipulating text in various ways,
     14recursion, and so on. The m4 program can be used either as a front-end to a
     15compiler or as a macro processor in its own right.</para>
    1716
    1817</sect3>
    1918
    2019</sect2>
     20

  • appendixa/make-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>make</title>
    10 <para>make determines, automatically, which pieces of a large program need
    11 to be recompiled and issues the commands to recompile them.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>make</command> automatically determines which pieces of a
     10large package need to be recompiled, and then issues the relevant commands.</para>
    1211
    1312</sect3>

  • appendixa/makedev-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>MAKEDEV</title>
    10 <para><filename>MAKEDEV</filename> is a script that creates the necessary
    11 static device nodes usually residing in the
    12 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory.
    13 Detailed information on device nodes can be found in the Linux kernel source
    14 tree in <filename>Documentation/devices.txt</filename>.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>MAKEDEV</command> is a script for creating the necessary
     10static device nodes, usually residing in the <filename>/dev</filename>
     11directory.</para>
    1512
    1613</sect3>

  • appendixa/man-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>apropos</title>
    10 <para>apropos searches for keywords in a set of database files, containing
    11 short descriptions of system commands, and displays the result on the standard
    12 output.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>apropos</command> searches the whatis database and displays
     10the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given string.</para>
    1311
    14 <sect4><title>makewhatis</title>
    15 <para>makewhatis reads all the manual pages contained in given sections of
    16 manpath or the pre-formatted pages contained in the given sections of
    17 catpath. For each page, it writes a line in the whatis database. Each
    18 line consists of the name of the page and a short description,
    19 separated by a dash. The description is extracted using the content of
    20 the NAME section of the manual page.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>makewhatis</command> builds the whatis database. It reads
     13all the manual pages in the manpath and for each page writes the name and a
     14short description in the whatis database.</para>
    2115
    22 <sect4><title>man</title>
    23 <para>man formats and displays the on-line manual pages.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>man</command> formats and displays the requested on-line
     17manual page.</para>
    2418
    25 <sect4><title>man2dvi</title>
    26 <para>man2dvi converts a manual page into dvi format.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>man2dvi</command> converts a manual page into dvi format.</para>
    2720
    28 <sect4><title>man2html</title>
    29 <para>man2html converts a manual page into html.</para></sect4>
     21<para><command>man2html</command> converts a manual page into html.</para>
    3022
    31 <sect4><title>whatis</title>
    32 <para>whatis searches for keywords in a set of database files, containing short
    33 descriptions of system commands, and displays the result on the standard
    34 output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para></sect4>
     23<para><command>whatis</command> searches the whatis database and displays
     24the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given keyword as a
     25separate word.</para>
    3526
    3627</sect3>

  • appendixa/modutils-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>depmod</title>
    10 <para>depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable
    11 kernel modules.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>depmod</command> creates a dependency file, based on the
     10symbols it finds in the existing set of modules. This  dependency file is used
     11by modprobe to automatically load the required modules.</para>
    1212
    13 <sect4><title>genksyms</title>
    14 <para>genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from gcc -E source.c
    15 and generates a file containing version information.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>genksyms</command> generates symbol version information.</para>
    1614
    17 <sect4><title>insmod</title>
    18 <para>insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>insmod</command> installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para>
    1916
    20 <sect4><title>insmod_ksymoops_clean</title>
    21 <para>insmod_ksymoops_clean deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed in
    22 2 days.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>insmod_ksymoops_clean</command> deletes saved ksyms and
     18modules not accessed for two days.</para>
    2319
    24 <sect4><title>kallsyms</title>
    25 <para>kallsyms extracts all kernel symbols for debugging.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>kallsyms</command> extracts all kernel symbols for debugging.</para>
    2621
    27 <sect4><title>kernelversion</title>
    28 <para>kernelversion reports the major version of the
    29 running kernel.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>kernelversion</command> reports the major version of the
     23running kernel.</para>
    3024
    31 <sect4><title>ksyms</title>
    32 <para>ksyms displays exported kernel symbols.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>ksyms</command> displays exported kernel symbols.</para>
    3326
    34 <sect4><title>lsmod</title>
    35 <para>lsmod shows information about all loaded modules.</para></sect4>
     27<para><command>lsmod</command> shows which modules are loaded.</para>
    3628
    37 <sect4><title>modinfo</title>
    38 <para>modinfo examines an object file associated with a kernel module and
    39 displays any information that it can glean.</para></sect4>
     29<para><command>modinfo</command> examines an object file associated with
     30a kernel module and displays any information that it can glean.</para>
    4031
    41 <sect4><title>modprobe</title>
    42 <para>modprobe uses a Makefile-like dependency file, created by depmod,
    43 to automatically load the relevant module(s) from the set of modules
    44 available in predefined directory trees.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>modprobe</command> uses a dependency file, created by
     33depmod, to automatically load the relevant modules.</para>
    4534
    46 <sect4><title>rmmod</title>
    47 <para>rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel.</para></sect4>
     35<para><command>rmmod</command> unloads modules from the running kernel.</para>
    4836
    4937</sect3>

  • appendixa/ncurses-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>captoinfo</title>
    10 <para>captoinfo converts a termcap description into a terminfo
    11 description.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>captoinfo</command> converts a termcap description into a
     10terminfo description.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>clear</title>
    14 <para>clear clears the screen if this is possible. It looks in
    15 the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database
    16 to figure out how to clear the screen.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>clear</command> clears the screen, if this is possible.</para>
    1713
    18 <sect4><title>infocmp</title>
    19 <para>infocmp can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with
    20 other terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to
    21 take advantage of the use= terminfo field, or print out a
    22 terminfo description from the binary file (term) in a variety of
    23 formats (the opposite of what tic does).</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>infocmp</command> compares or prints out terminfo
     15descriptions.</para>
    2416
    25 <sect4><title>infotocap</title>
    26 <para>info to cap converts a terminfo description into a termcap
    27 description.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>infotocap</command> converts a terminfo description into
     18a termcap description.</para>
    2819
    29 <sect4><title>reset</title>
    30 <para>reset sets cooked and echo modes, turns off cbreak and raw modes,
    31 turns on new-line translation and resets any unset special characters to
    32 their default values before doing terminal initialization the same way
    33 as tset.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>reset</command> reinitializes a terminal to its default
     21values.</para>
    3422
    35 <sect4><title>tack</title>
    36 <para>tack is the terminfo action checker.</para></sect4>
     23<para><command>tack</command> is the terminfo action checker. It is mainly
     24used to test the correctness of an entry in the terminfo database.</para>
    3725
    38 <sect4><title>tic</title>
    39 <para>tic is the terminfo entry-description compiler. The program translates a
    40 terminfo file from source format into the binary format for use with the
    41 ncurses library routines. Terminfo files contain information about the
    42 capabilities of a terminal.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>tic</command> is the terminfo entry-description compiler.
     27It translates a terminfo file from source format into the binary format needed
     28for the ncurses library routines. A terminfo file contains information on the
     29capabilities of a certain terminal.</para>
    4330
    44 <sect4><title>toe</title>
    45 <para>toe lists all available terminal types by primary name with
    46 descriptions.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>toe</command> lists all available terminal types, for each
     32giving its primary name and its description.</para>
    4733
    48 <sect4><title>tput</title>
    49 <para>tput uses the terminfo database to make the values of
    50 terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell,
    51 to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the
    52 requested terminal type.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>tput</command> makes the values of terminal-dependent
     35capabilities available to the shell. It can also be used to reset or initialize
     36a terminal, or report its long name.</para>
    5337
    54 <sect4><title>tset</title>
    55 <para>tset initializes terminals so they can be used, but it's not
    56 widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>tset</command> can be used to initialize terminals.</para>
    5739
    5840</sect3>
    … …  
    6042<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    6143
    62 <sect4><title>libcurses, libncurses++, libncurses, libncurses_g</title>
    63 <para>These libraries are the base of the system and are used to display
    64 text (often in a fancy way) on the screen. An example where ncurses is used
    65 is in the kernel's <quote>make menuconfig</quote> process.</para></sect4>
     44<para><command>libncurses*</command> contain functions to display text in
     45many complicated ways on a terminal screen. A good example of the use of these
     46functions is the menu displayed during the kernel's make menuconfig.</para>
    6647
    67 <sect4><title>libform, libform_g</title>
    68 <para>libform is used to implement forms in ncurses.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>libform*</command> contain functions to implement forms.</para>
    6949
    70 <sect4><title>libmenu, libmenu_g</title>
    71 <para>libmenu is used to implement menus in ncurses.</para></sect4>
     50<para><command>libmenu*</command> contain functions to implement menus.</para>
    7251
    73 <sect4><title>libpanel, libpanel_g</title>
    74 <para>libpanel is used to implement panels in ncurses.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>libpanel*</command> contain functions to implement panels.</para>
    7553
    7654</sect3>
    7755
    7856</sect2>
     57

  • appendixa/nettools-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>arp</title>
    10 <para>arp is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, usually to add
    11 or delete an entry, or to dump the ARP cache.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>arp</command> is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache,
     10usually to add or delete an entry, or to dump the entire cache.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>dnsdomainname</title>
    14 <para>dnsdomainname shows the system's DNS domain name.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>dnsdomainname</command> reports the system's DNS domain
     13name.</para>
    1514
    16 <sect4><title>domainname</title>
    17 <para>domainname shows or sets the system's NIS/YP domain
    18 name.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>domainname</command> reports or sets the system's NIS/YP
     16domain name.</para>
    1917
    20 <sect4><title>hostname</title>
    21 <para>hostname prints or sets the name of the current host
    22 system.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>hostname</command> reports or sets the name of the current
     19host system.</para>
    2320
    24 <sect4><title>ifconfig</title>
    25 <para>The ifconfig command is the general command used to configure network
    26 interfaces.</para></sect4>
     21<para><command>ifconfig</command> is the main utility for configuring
     22network interfaces.</para>
    2723
    28 <sect4><title>nameif</title>
    29 <para>nameif names network interfaces based on MAC
    30 addresses.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>nameif</command> names network interfaces based on MAC
     25addresses.</para>
    3126
    32 <sect4><title>netstat</title>
    33 <para>netstat is a multi-purpose tool used to print the network connections,
    34 routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast
    35 memberships.</para></sect4>
     27<para><command>netstat</command> is used to report network connections,
     28routing tables, and interface statistics..</para>
    3629
    37 <sect4><title>nisdomainname</title>
    38 <para>nisdomainname shows or sets system's NIS/YP domain
    39 name.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>nisdomainname</command> does the same as domainname.</para>
    4031
    41 <sect4><title>plipconfig</title>
    42 <para>plipconfig is used to fine-tune the PLIP device parameters, hopefully
    43 making it faster.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>plipconfig</command> is used to fine tune the PLIP device
     33parameters, to improve its performance.</para>
    4434
    45 <sect4><title>rarp</title>
    46 <para>Akin to the arp program, the rarp program manipulates the system's
    47 RARP table.</para></sect4>
     35<para><command>rarp</command> is used to manipulate the kernel's RARP
     36table.</para>
    4837
    49 <sect4><title>route</title>
    50 <para>route is the general utility which is used to manipulate the IP
    51 routing table.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>route</command> is used to manipulate the IP routing
     39table.</para>
    5240
    53 <sect4><title>slattach</title>
    54 <para>slattach attaches a network interface to a serial line, i.e.. puts a
    55 normal terminal line into one of several "network" modes.</para></sect4>
     41<para><command>slattach</command> attaches a network interface to a serial
     42line. This allows you to use normal terminal lines for point-to-point links to
     43other computers.</para>
    5644
    57 <sect4><title>ypdomainname</title>
    58 <para>ypdomainname shows or sets the system's NIS/YP domain
    59 name.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>ypdomainname</command> does the same as domainname.</para>
    6046
    6147</sect3>

  • appendixa/patch-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program files descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>patch</title>
    10 <para>The patch program modifies a file according to a patch file. A patch
    11 file usually is a list, created by the diff program, that contains
    12 instructions on how an original file needs to be modified. Patch is used
    13 a lot for source code patches since it saves time and space. Imagine
    14 a package that is 1 MB in size. The next version of that package
    15 only has changes in two files of the first version. It can be shipped as an
    16 entirely new package of 1 MB or just as a patch file of 1 KB, which will
    17 update the first version to make it identical to the second version. So
    18 if the first version was downloaded already, a patch file avoids
    19 a second large download.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>patch</command> modifies files according to a patch file.
     10A patch file normally is a difference listing created with the diff program.
     11By applying these differences to the original files, patch creates the patched
     12versions. Using patches instead a entire new tarballs to keep your sources
     13up-to-date can save you a lot of download time.</para>
    2014
    2115</sect3>

  • appendixa/perl-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>a2p</title>
    10 <para>a2p is an awk to perl translator.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>a2p</command> translates awk to perl.</para>
    1110
    12 <sect4><title>c2ph</title>
    13 <para>c2ph dumps C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs.</para></sect4>
     11<para><command>c2ph</command> dumps C structures as generated from
     12"cc -g -S" stabs.</para>
    1413
    15 <sect4><title>dprofpp</title>
    16 <para>dprofpp displays perl profile data.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>dprofpp</command> displays perl profile data.</para>
    1715
    18 <sect4><title>find2perl</title>
    19 <para>find2perl translates find command lines to Perl code.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>find2perl</command> translates find commands to perl.</para>
    2017
    21 <sect4><title>h2ph</title>
    22 <para>h2ph converts .h C header files to .ph Perl header files.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>h2ph</command> converts .h C header files to .ph Perl header files.</para>
    2319
    24 <sect4><title>h2xs</title>
    25 <para>h2xs converts .h C header files to Perl extensions.</para></sect4>
     20<para><command>h2xs</command> converts .h C header files to Perl extensions.</para>
    2621
    27 <sect4><title>perl, perl5.6.1</title>
    28 <para>perl is the Practical Extraction and Report Language. It combines
    29 some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into one powerful
    30 language.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>perl</command> combines some of the best features of C, sed,
     23awk and sh into a single swiss-army language.</para>
    3124
    32 <sect4><title>perlbug</title>
    33 <para>perlbug helps to generate bug reports about perl or the
    34 modules that come with it, and mail them.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>perlbug</command> is used to generate bug reports about
     26Perl or the modules that come with it, and mail them.</para>
    3527
    36 <sect4><title>perlcc</title>
    37 <para>perlcc generates executables from Perl programs.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>perlcc</command> generates executables from Perl programs.</para>
    3829
    39 <sect4><title>perldoc</title>
    40 <para>perldoc looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is
    41 embedded in the perl installation tree or in a perl script and displays it
    42 via "pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER".</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>perldoc</command> displays a piece of documentation in pod
     31format that is embedded in the perl installation tree or in a perl script.</para>
    4332
    44 <sect4><title>pl2pm</title>
    45 <para>pl2pm is a tool to aid in the conversion of Perl4-style .pl library
    46 files to Perl5-style library modules.</para></sect4>
     33<para><command>pl2pm</command> is a rough tool for converting Perl4 .pl
     34files to Perl5 .pm modules.</para>
    4735
    48 <sect4><title>pod2html</title>
    49 <para>pod2html converts files from pod format to HTML format.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>pod2html</command> converts files from pod format to HTML
     37format.</para>
    5038
    51 <sect4><title>pod2latex</title>
    52 <para>pod2latex converts files from pod format to LaTeX format.</para></sect4>
     39<para><command>pod2latex</command> converts files from pod format to LaTeX
     40format.</para>
    5341
    54 <sect4><title>pod2man</title>
    55 <para>pod2man converts pod data to formatted *roff input.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>pod2man</command> converts pod data to formatted *roff
     43input.</para>
    5644
    57 <sect4><title>pod2text</title>
    58 <para>pod2text converts pod data to formatted ASCII text.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>pod2text</command> converts pod data to formatted ASCII
     46text.</para>
    5947
    60 <sect4><title>pod2usage</title>
    61 <para>pod2usage prints usage messages from embedded pod docs in
    62 files.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>pod2usage</command> prints usage messages from embedded
     49pod docs in files.</para>
    6350
    64 <sect4><title>podchecker</title>
    65 <para>podchecker checks the syntax of pod format documentation
    66 files.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>podchecker</command> checks the syntax of pod format
     52documentation files.</para>
    6753
    68 <sect4><title>podselect</title>
    69 <para>podselect prints selected sections of pod documentation on
    70 standard output.</para></sect4>
     54<para><command>podselect</command> displays selected sections of pod
     55documentation.</para>
    7156
    72 <sect4><title>pstruct</title>
    73 <para>pstruct dumps C structures as generated from "cc -g -S"
    74 stabs.</para></sect4>
     57<para><command>pstruct</command> dumps C structures as generated from
     58"cc -g -S" stabs.</para>
    7559
    76 <sect4><title>s2p</title>
    77 <para>s2p is a sed to perl translator.</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>s2p</command> translates sed to perl.</para>
    7861
    79 <sect4><title>splain</title>
    80 <para>splain is a program to force verbose warning diagnostics
    81 in perl.</para></sect4>
     62<para><command>splain</command> is used to force verbose warning
     63diagnostics in perl.</para>
    8264
    8365</sect3>
    … …  
    8567<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    8668
    87 <sect4><title>attrs</title>
    88 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     69<para><command>attrs</command>...</para>
    8970
    90 <sect4><title>B</title>
    91 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     71<para><command>B</command>...</para>
    9272
    93 <sect4><title>ByteLoader</title>
    94 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     73<para><command>ByteLoader</command>...</para>
    9574
    96 <sect4><title>DProf</title>
    97 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     75<para><command>DProf</command>...</para>
    9876
    99 <sect4><title>Dumper</title>
    100 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     77<para><command>Dumper</command>...</para>
    10178
    102 <sect4><title>DynaLoader</title>
    103 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     79<para><command>DynaLoader</command>...</para>
    10480
    105 <sect4><title>Fcntl</title>
    106 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     81<para><command>Fcntl</command>...</para>
    10782
    108 <sect4><title>Glob</title>
    109 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     83<para><command>Glob</command>...</para>
    11084
    111 <sect4><title>Hostname</title>
    112 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     85<para><command>Hostname</command>...</para>
    11386
    114 <sect4><title>IO</title>
    115 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     87<para><command>IO</command>...</para>
    11688
    117 <sect4><title>libperl</title>
    118 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     89<para><command>libperl</command>...</para>
    11990
    120 <sect4><title>Opcode</title>
    121 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     91<para><command>Opcode</command>...</para>
    12292
    123 <sect4><title>Peek</title>
    124 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     93<para><command>Peek</command>...</para>
    12594
    126 <sect4><title>POSIX</title>
    127 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     95<para><command>POSIX</command>...</para>
    12896
    129 <sect4><title>re</title>
    130 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     97<para><command>re</command>...</para>
    13198
    132 <sect4><title>SDBM_File</title>
    133 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     99<para><command>SDBM_File</command>...</para>
    134100
    135 <sect4><title>Socket</title>
    136 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     101<para><command>Socket</command>...</para>
    137102
    138 <sect4><title>Syslog</title>
    139 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     103<para><command>Syslog</command>...</para>
    140104
    141 <sect4><title>SysV</title>
    142 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     105<para><command>SysV</command>...</para>
    143106
    144107</sect3>
    145108
    146109</sect2>
     110

  • appendixa/procinfo-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>lsdev</title>
    10 <para>lsdev gathers information about your computer's installed hardware from
    11 the interrupts, ioports and dma files in the /proc directory, thus giving
    12 you a quick overview of which hardware uses what I/O addresses and what
    13 IRQ and DMA channels.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>lsdev</command> lists the devices present in your system,
     10and which IRQs and IO ports they use.</para>
    1411
    15 <sect4><title>procinfo</title>
    16 <para>procinfo gathers some system data from the /proc directory
    17 and prints it nicely formatted on the standard output
    18 device.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>procinfo</command> displays an overview of some of the info
     13present in the virtual proc filesystem.</para>
    1914
    20 <sect4><title>socklist</title>
    21 <para>is a Perl script that gives you a list of all open sockets, enumerating
    22 types, port, inode, uid, pid, fd and the program to which it
    23 belongs.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>socklist</command> lists the open sockets, reporting their
     16type, portnumber, and other specifics.</para>
    2417
    2518</sect3>

  • appendixa/procps-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>free</title>
    10 <para>free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory
    11 in the system, as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the
    12 kernel.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>free</command> reports the amount of free and used memory
     10in the system, both physical and swap memory.</para>
    1311
    14 <sect4><title>kill</title>
    15 <para>kills sends signals to processes.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>kill</command> is used to send signals to processes.</para>
    1613
    17 <sect4><title>oldps and ps</title>
    18 <para>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>ps</command> gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para>
    1915
    20 <sect4><title>pgrep</title>
    21 <para>pgrep looks up processes based on name and other attributes.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>pgrep</command> looks up processes based on their name
     17and other attributes.</para>
    2218
    23 <sect4><title>pkill</title>
    24 <para>pkill signals processes based on name and other attributes.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>pkill</command> signals processes based on their name
     20and other attributes.</para>
    2521
    26 <sect4><title>skill</title>
    27 <para>skill sends signals to process matching a criteria.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>skill</command> sends signals to processes matching the
     23given criteria.</para>
    2824
    29 <sect4><title>snice</title>
    30 <para>snice changes the scheduling priority for process matching a
    31 criteria.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>snice</command> changes the scheduling priority of processes
     26matching the given criteria.</para>
    3227
    33 <sect4><title>sysctl</title>
    34 <para>sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime.</para></sect4>
     28<para><command>sysctl</command> modifies kernel parameters at run time.</para>
    3529
    36 <sect4><title>tload</title>
    37 <para>tload prints a graph of the current system load average to the
    38 specified tty or, if none is specified, the tty of the tload
    39 process.</para></sect4>
     30<para><command>tload</command> prints a graph of the current system load
     31average.</para>
    4032
    41 <sect4><title>top</title>
    42 <para>top provides an ongoing look at processor activity
    43 in real time.</para></sect4>
     33<para><command>top</command> displays the top CPU processes. It provides
     34an ongoing look at processor activity in real time.</para>
    4435
    45 <sect4><title>vmstat</title>
    46 <para>vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO,
    47 traps and cpu activity.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>vmstat</command> reports virtual memory statistics, giving
     37information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU
     38activity.</para>
    4839
    49 <sect4><title>w</title>
    50 <para>w displays information about the users, and their processes,
    51 currently on the machine.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>w</command> shows which users are currently logged on,
     41where and since when.</para>
    5242
    53 <sect4><title>watch</title>
    54 <para>watch runs command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first
    55 screen full).</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>watch</command> runs a given command repeatedly,
     44displaying the first screenful of its output. This allows you to watch the
     45output change over time.</para>
    5646
    5747</sect3>
    … …  
    5949<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    6050
    61 <sect4><title>libproc</title>
    62 <para>libproc is the library against which most of the programs in this
    63 set are linked to save disk space by implementing common functions only
    64 once.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>libproc</command> contains the functions used by most
     52programs in this package.</para>
    6553
    6654</sect3>

  • appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <para>Note that in LFS we don't install the pidof link by default
    10 because we use pidof from sysvinit instead.</para>
     9<para><command>fuser</command> reports the PIDs of processes that use
     10the given files or filesystems.</para>
    1111
    12 <sect4><title>fuser</title>
    13 <para>fuser displays the PIDs of processes that use the specified
    14 files or file systems.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>killall</command> kills processes by name. It sends a signal
     13to all processes running any of the given commands.</para>
    1514
    16 <sect4><title>killall</title>
    17 <para>killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified
    18 commands.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>pidof</command> reports the PIDs of the given programs.
     16(Not this pidof program is used, however, but the one from Sysvinit.)</para>
    1917
    20 <sect4><title>pstree</title>
    21 <para>pstree shows running processes as a tree.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>pstree</command> displays running processes as a tree.</para>
    2219
    2320</sect3>

  • appendixa/sed-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>sed</title>
    10 <para>sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text
    11 transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a
    12 pipeline).</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>sed</command> is used to filter and transform text files
     10in a single pass.</para>
    1311
    1412</sect3>

  • appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>chage</title>
    10 <para>chage changes the number of days between password changes and the date of
    11 the last password change.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>chage</command> is used to change the maximum number of
     10days between obligatory password changes.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>chfn</title>
    14 <para>chfn changes a user's full name and other information
    15 (office room number, office phone number, and
    16 home phone number).</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>chfn</command> is used to change a user's full name and
     13some other info.</para>
    1714
    18 <sect4><title>chpasswd</title>
    19 <para>chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard
    20 input and uses this information to update a group of
    21 existing users.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>chpasswd</command> is used to update the passwords of a
     16whole series of user accounts in one go.</para>
    2217
    23 <sect4><title>chsh</title>
    24 <para>chsh changes the user login shell.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>chsh</command> is used to change a user's default
     19 login shell.</para>
    2520
    26 <sect4><title>dpasswd</title>
    27 <para>dpasswd adds, deletes and updates dial-up passwords for
    28 user login shells.</para></sect4>
     21<para><command>dpasswd</command> is used to change dial-up passwords for
     22user login shells.</para>
    2923
    30 <sect4><title>expiry</title>
    31 <para>expiry checks and enforces a password expiration policy.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>expiry</command> checks and enforces the current password
     25expiration policy.</para>
    3226
    33 <sect4><title>faillog</title>
    34 <para>faillog formats the contents of the failure log, /var/log/faillog, and
    35 maintains failure counts and limits.</para></sect4>
     27<para><command>faillog</command> is used to examine the log of login
     28failures, to set a maximum number of failures before an account is blocked,
     29or to reset the failure count.</para>
    3630
    37 <sect4><title>gpasswd</title>
    38 <para>gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>gpasswd</command> is used to add and delete members and
     32administrators to groups.</para>
    3933
    40 <sect4><title>groupadd</title>
    41 <para>The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values
    42 specified on the command line and the default values from
    43 the system.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>groupadd</command> creates a group with the given
     35name.</para>
    4436
    45 <sect4><title>groupdel</title>
    46 <para>The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all
    47 entries that refer to group.</para></sect4>
     37<para><command>groupdel</command> deletes the group with the given
     38name.</para>
    4839
    49 <sect4><title>groupmod</title>
    50 <para>The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the
    51 changes that are specified on the command line.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>groupmod</command> is used to modify the given group's
     41name or GID.</para>
    5242
    53 <sect4><title>groups</title>
    54 <para>groups prints the groups which a user is in.</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>groups</command> reports the groups of which the given
     44users are members.</para>
    5545
    56 <sect4><title>grpck</title>
    57 <para>grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
    58 information.</para></sect4>
     46<para><command>grpck</command> verifies the integrity of the group files,
     47<filename>/etc/group</filename> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.</para>
    5948
    60 <sect4><title>grpconv</title>
    61 <para>grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal
    62 group files.</para></sect4>
     49<para><command>grpconv</command> creates or updates the shadow group file
     50from the normal group file.</para>
    6351
    64 <sect4><title>grpunconv</title>
    65 <para>grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal
    66 group files.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>grpunconv</command> updates <filename>/etc/group</filename>
     53from <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter.</para>
    6754
    68 <sect4><title>lastlog</title>
    69 <para>lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log,
    70 /var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port and last login time will be
    71 printed.</para></sect4>
     55<para><command>lastlog</command> reports the most recent login of all
     56users, or of a given user.</para>
    7257
    73 <sect4><title>login</title>
    74 <para>login is used to establish a new session with the system.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>login</command> is used by the system let users sign on.</para>
    7559
    76 <sect4><title>logoutd</title>
    77 <para>logoutd enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
    78 /etc/porttime.</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>logoutd</command> is a daemon used to enforce restrictions
     61on log-on time and ports.</para>
    7962
    80 <sect4><title>mkpasswd</title>
    81 <para>mkpasswd reads a file in the format given by the flags and converts it
    82 to the corresponding database file format.</para></sect4>
     63<para><command>mkpasswd</command> encrypts the given password using the
     64also given perturbation.</para>
    8365
    84 <sect4><title>newgrp</title>
    85 <para>newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a
    86 login session.</para></sect4>
     66<para><command>newgrp</command> is used to change the current GID during
     67a login session.</para>
    8768
    88 <sect4><title>newusers</title>
    89 <para>newusers reads a file of user name and clear text password pairs and uses
    90 this information to update a group of existing users or to create new
    91 users.</para></sect4>
     69<para><command>newusers</command> is used to create or update a whole
     70series of user accounts in one go.</para>
    9271
    93 <sect4><title>passwd</title>
    94 <para>passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts.</para></sect4>
     72<para><command>passwd</command> is used to change the password for a user
     73or group account.</para>
    9574
    96 <sect4><title>pwck</title>
    97 <para>pwck verifies the integrity of the password files.</para></sect4>
     75<para><command>pwck</command> verifies the integrity of the password files,
     76<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>.</para>
    9877
    99 <sect4><title>pwconv</title>
    100 <para>pwconv converts the normal password file
    101 to a shadowed password file.</para></sect4>
     78<para><command>pwconv</command> creates or updates the shadow password file
     79from the normal password file.</para>
    10280
    103 <sect4><title>pwunconv</title>
    104 <para>pwunconv converts a shadowed password file
    105 to a normal password file.</para></sect4>
     81<para><command>pwunconv</command> updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
     82from <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter.</para>
    10683
    107 <sect4><title>sg</title>
    108 <para>sg sets the user's GID to that of the given group, or executes a
    109 given command as member of the given group.</para></sect4>
     84<para><command>sg</command> executes a given command while the user's GID
     85is set to that of the given group.</para>
    11086
    111 <sect4><title>useradd</title>
    112 <para>useradd creates a new user or updates default new user
    113 information.</para></sect4>
     87<para><command>useradd</command> creates a new user with the given name,
     88or updates the default new-user information.</para>
    11489
    115 <sect4><title>userdel</title>
    116 <para>userdel modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that
    117 refer to a specified login name.</para></sect4>
     90<para><command>userdel</command> deletes the given user account.</para>
    11891
    119 <sect4><title>usermod</title>
    120 <para>usermod modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that
    121 are specified on the command line.</para></sect4>
     92<para><command>usermod</command> is used to modify the given user's
     93login name, UID, shell, initial group, home directory, and the like.</para>
    12294
    123 <sect4><title>vipw and vigr</title>
    124 <para>vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group,
    125 respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of
    126 those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively.</para></sect4>
     95<para><command>vigr</command> can be used to edit the
     96<filename>/etc/group</filename> or <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>
     97files.</para>
     98
     99<para><command>vipw</command> can be used to edit the
     100<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>
     101files.</para>
    127102
    128103</sect3>
    … …  
    130105<sect3><title>Library file descriptions</title>
    131106
    132 <sect4><title>libmisc</title>
    133 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     107<para><command>libmisc</command>...</para>
    134108
    135 <sect4><title>libshadow</title>
    136 <para>libshadow provides common functionality for the shadow
    137 programs.</para></sect4>
     109<para><command>libshadow</command> contains functions used by most
     110programs in this package.</para>
    138111
    139112</sect3>
    140113
    141114</sect2>
     115

  • appendixa/sysklogd-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>klogd</title>
    10 <para>klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel
    11 messages.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>klogd</command> is a system daemon for intercepting and
     10logging kernel messages.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>syslogd</title>
    14 <para>syslogd provides the kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every
    15 logged message contains at least a time and a hostname field and, normally, a
    16 program name field, too. But that depends on how trusty the logging
    17 program is.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>syslogd</command> logs the messages that system programs
     13offer for logging. Every logged message contains at least a date stamp and a
     14hostname, and normally the program's name too, but that depends on how
     15trusting the logging daemon is told to be.</para>
    1816
    1917</sect3>

  • appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>halt</title>
    10 <para>halt notes, in the file /var/log/wtmp, that the system is being
    11 brought down and then tells the kernel to either halt, reboot or
    12 poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not
    13 in runlevel 0 or 6, shutdown will be invoked instead (with
    14 the flag -h or -r).</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>halt</command> normally invokes shutdown with the -h flag,
     10except when already in runlevel 0, then it tells the kernel to halt the system.
     11But first it notes in the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the
     12system is being brought down.</para>
    1513
    16 <sect4><title>init</title>
    17 <para>init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create
    18 processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab. This
    19 file usually has entries which cause init to spawn gettys on each line from
    20 which users can log in. It also controls autonomous processes required by any
    21 particular system.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>init</command> is the mother of all processes. It reads its
     15commands from <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>, which normally tell it which
     16scripts to run for which runlevel, and how many gettys to spawn.</para>
    2217
    23 <sect4><title>killall5</title>
    24 <para>killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all
    25 processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the
    26 shell that is running the script it was called from.</para></sect4>
     18<para><command>killall5</command> sends a signal to all processes, except
     19the processes in its own session -- so it won't kill the shell running the
     20script that called it.</para>
    2721
    28 <sect4><title>last</title>
    29 <para>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated
    30 by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out)
    31 since that file was created.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>last</command> shows which users last logged in (and out),
     23searching back through the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename>. It can
     24also show system boots and shutdowns, and runlevel changes.</para>
    3225
    33 <sect4><title>lastb</title>
    34 <para>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the
    35 file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>lastb</command> shows the failed login attempts, as logged
     27in <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>.</para>
    3628
    37 <sect4><title>mesg</title>
    38 <para>mesg controls the access to the user's terminal by others. It's typically
    39 used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</para></sect4>
     29<para><command>mesg</command> controls whether other users can send
     30messages to the current user's terminal.</para>
    4031
    41 <sect4><title>pidof</title>
    42 <para>pidof displays the process identifiers (PIDs) of the named
    43 programs.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>pidof</command> reports the PIDs of the given programs.</para>
    4433
    45 <sect4><title>poweroff</title>
    46 <para>poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer and
    47 switches off the computer (when using an APM compliant BIOS and APM is
    48 enabled in the kernel).</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>poweroff</command> tells the kernel to halt the system and
     35switch off the computer. But see halt.</para>
    4936
    50 <sect4><title>reboot</title>
    51 <para>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots
    52 the computer.</para></sect4>
     37<para><command>reboot</command> tells the kernel to reboot the system.
     38But see halt.</para>
    5339
    54 <sect4><title>runlevel</title>
    55 <para>runlevel reads the system utmp file (usually /var/run/utmp), locates
    56 the runlevel record and prints the previous and current system
    57 runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>runlevel</command> reports the previous and the current
     41runlevel, as noted in the last runlevel record  in
     42<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>.</para>
    5843
    59 <sect4><title>shutdown</title>
    60 <para>shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are
    61 notified that the system is going down and login is blocked.</para></sect4>
     44<para><command>shutdown</command> brings the system down in a secure way,
     45signaling all processes and notifying all logged-in users.</para>
    6246
    63 <sect4><title>sulogin</title>
    64 <para>sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode
    65 (this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to
    66 execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the boot loader
    67 (LILO, for example).</para></sect4>
     47<para><command>sulogin</command> allows the superuser to log in. It is
     48normally invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode.</para>
    6849
    69 <sect4><title>telinit</title>
    70 <para>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to
    71 enter.</para></sect4>
     50<para><command>telinit</command> tells init which runlevel to enter.</para>
    7251
    73 <sect4><title>utmpdump</title>
    74 <para>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on
    75 standard output in a user friendly format.</para></sect4>
     52<para><command>utmpdump</command> displays the content of  the given login
     53file in a friendlier format.</para>
    7654
    77 <sect4><title>wall</title>
    78 <para>wall sends a message to logged in users that have their mesg permission
    79 set to yes.</para></sect4>
     55<para><command>wall</command> writes a message to all logged-in users.</para>
    8056
    8157</sect3>

  • appendixa/tar-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>rmt</title>
    10 <para>rmt is a program used by the remote dump and restore programs to
    11 manipulate a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication
    12 connection.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>rmt</command> is used to remotely manipulate a magnetic
     10tape drive, through an interprocess communication connection.</para>
    1311
    14 <sect4><title>tar</title>
    15 <para>tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from
    16 an archive file known as a tar file.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>tar</command> is used to create and extract files from
     13archives, also known as tarballs.</para>
    1714
    1815</sect3>

  • appendixa/texinfo-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>info</title>
    10 <para>The info program reads Info documents, usually contained in the
    11 /usr/share/info directory. Info documents are like man(ual) pages, but
    12 they tend to go deeper than just explaining the options to a
    13 program.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>info</command> is used to read Info documents. Info
     10documents are a bit like man pages, but often go much deeper than just
     11explaining all the flags. Compare for example man tar and info tar.</para>
    1412
    15 <sect4><title>infokey</title>
    16 <para>infokey compiles a source file containing Info customizations into
    17 a binary format.</para></sect4>
     13<para><command>infokey</command> compiles a source file containing Info
     14customizations into a binary format.</para>
    1815
    19 <sect4><title>install-info</title>
    20 <para>The install-info program updates the info entries. When the info
    21 program is run, a list with available topics (ie: available info documents)
    22 will be presented. The install-info program is used to maintain this list of
    23 available topics. If info files are removed manually, you must also delete
    24 the topic in the index file. This program is used for
    25 that. It also works the other way around when info documents are
    26 added.</para></sect4>
     16<para><command>install-info</command> is used to install Info files. It
     17updates entries in the Info index file.</para>
    2718
    28 <sect4><title>makeinfo</title>
    29 <para>The makeinfo program translates Texinfo source documents into various
    30 formats. Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>makeinfo</command> translates the given Texinfo source
     20documents into various other formats: Info files, plain text, or HTML.</para>
    3121
    32 <sect4><title>texi2dvi</title>
    33 <para>The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>texi2dvi</command> is used to format the given Texinfo
     23document into a device-independent file that can be printed.</para>
    3424
    35 <sect4><title>texindex</title>
    36 <para>The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para></sect4>
     25<para><command>texindex</command> is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para>
    3726
    3827</sect3>

  • appendixa/utillinux-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>agetty</title>
    10 <para>agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the
    11 /bin/login command.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>agetty</command> opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
     10and then invokes the login program.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>arch</title>
    14 <para>arch prints the machine architecture.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>arch</command> reports the machine's architecture.</para>
    1513
    16 <sect4><title>blockdev</title>
    17 <para>blockdev allows to call block device ioctls from the command
    18 line.</para></sect4>
     14<para><command>blockdev</command> allows you to call block device ioctls
     15from the command line.</para>
    1916
    20 <sect4><title>cal</title>
    21 <para>cal displays a simple calender.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>cal</command> displays a simple calender.</para>
    2218
    23 <sect4><title>cfdisk</title>
    24 <para>cfdisk is a libncurses based disk partition table
    25 manipulator.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>cfdisk</command> is used to manipulate the partition table
     20of the given device.</para>
    2621
    27 <sect4><title>chkdupexe</title>
    28 <para>chkdupexe finds duplicate executables.</para></sect4>
     22<para><command>chkdupexe</command> finds duplicate executables.</para>
    2923
    30 <sect4><title>col</title>
    31 <para>col filters reverse line feeds from input.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>col</command> filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
    3225
    33 <sect4><title>colcrt</title>
    34 <para>colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>colcrt</command> is used to filter nroff output for terminals
     27that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
    3528
    36 <sect4><title>colrm</title>
    37 <para>colrm removes columns from a file.</para></sect4>
     29<para><command>colrm</command> filters out the given columns.</para>
    3830
    39 <sect4><title>column</title>
    40 <para>column columnates lists.</para></sect4>
     31<para><command>column</command> formats a given file into multiple
     32columns.</para>
    4133
    42 <sect4><title>ctrlaltdel</title>
    43 <para>ctrlaltdel sets the function of the CTRL+ALT+DEL key combination (hard
    44 or soft reset).</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>ctrlaltdel</command> sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del
     35 key combination, to a hard or a soft reset.</para>
    4536
    46 <sect4><title>cytune</title>
    47 <para>cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades
    48 driver.</para></sect4>
     37<para><command>cytune</command> was used to tune the parameters of the
     38serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
    4939
    50 <sect4><title>ddate</title>
    51 <para>ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>ddate</command> gives the Discordian date, or converts the
     41given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
    5242
    53 <sect4><title>dmesg</title>
    54 <para>dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer (boot
    55 messages from the kernel).</para></sect4>
     43<para><command>dmesg</command> dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
    5644
    57 <sect4><title>elvtune</title>
    58 <para>elvtune lets you tune the I/O elevator per block device queue
    59 basis.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>elvtune</command> can be used to tune the performance
     46and interactiveness of a block device.</para>
    6047
    61 <sect4><title>fdformat</title>
    62 <para>fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>fdformat</command> low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
    6349
    64 <sect4><title>fdisk</title>
    65 <para>fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect4>
     50<para><command>fdisk</command> could be used to manipulate the partition
     51table of the given device.</para>
    6652
    67 <sect4><title>fsck.cramfs</title>
    68 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     53<para><command>fsck.cramfs</command>...</para>
    6954
    70 <sect4><title>fsck.minix</title>
    71 <para>fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX
    72 filesystem.</para></sect4>
     55<para><command>fsck.minix</command> performs a consistency check on the
     56Minix filesystem on the given device.</para>
    7357
    74 <sect4><title>getopt</title>
    75 <para>getopt parses command options the same way as the getopt C
    76 command.</para></sect4>
     58<para><command>getopt</command> parses options in the given command line.</para>
    7759
    78 <sect4><title>hexdump</title>
    79 <para>hexdump displays specified files, or standard input, in a user specified
    80 format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal).</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>hexdump</command> dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or
     61in another given format.</para>
    8162
    82 <sect4><title>hwclock</title>
    83 <para>hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (also called the RTC or BIOS
    84 clock).</para></sect4>
     63<para><command>hwclock</command> is used to read or set the system's
     64hardware clock (also called the RTC or BIOS clock).</para>
    8565
    86 <sect4><title>ipcrm</title>
    87 <para>ipcrm removes a specified resource.</para></sect4>
     66<para><command>ipcrm</command> removes the given IPC resource.</para>
    8867
    89 <sect4><title>ipcs</title>
    90 <para>ipcs provides information on IPC facilities.</para></sect4>
     68<para><command>ipcs</command> provides IPC status information.</para>
    9169
    92 <sect4><title>isosize</title>
    93 <para>isosize outputs the length of an iso9660 file system.</para></sect4>
     70<para><command>isosize</command> reports the size of an iso9660
     71filesystem.</para>
    9472
    95 <sect4><title>line</title>
    96 <para>line copies one line (up to a newline) from standard input and writes it
    97 to standard output.</para></sect4>
     73<para><command>line</command> copies a single line.</para>
    9874
    99 <sect4><title>logger</title>
    100 <para>logger makes entries in the system log.</para></sect4>
     75<para><command>logger</command> enters the given message into the system
     76log.</para>
    10177
    102 <sect4><title>look</title>
    103 <para>look displays lines beginning with a given string.</para></sect4>
     78<para><command>look</command> displays lines that begin with the given
     79string.</para>
    10480
    105 <sect4><title>losetup</title>
    106 <para>losetup sets up and controls loop devices.</para></sect4>
     81<para><command>losetup</command> is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
    10782
    108 <sect4><title>mcookie</title>
    109 <para>mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.</para></sect4>
     83<para><command>mcookie</command> generates magic cookies, 128-bit random
     84hexadecimal numbers, for xauth.</para>
    11085
    111 <sect4><title>mkfs</title>
    112 <para>mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk
    113 partition.</para></sect4>
     86<para><command>mkfs</command> is used to build a filesystem on a device
     87(usually a harddisk partition).</para>
    11488
    115 <sect4><title>mkfs.bfs</title>
    116 <para>mkfs.bfs creates an SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk
    117 partition.</para></sect4>
     89<para><command>mkfs.bfs</command> creates an SCO bfs filesystem.</para>
    11890
    119 <sect4><title>mkfs.cramfs</title>
    120 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     91<para><command>mkfs.cramfs</command>...</para>
    12192
    122 <sect4><title>mkfs.minix</title>
    123 <para>mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a
    124 harddisk partition.</para></sect4>
     93<para><command>mkfs.minix</command> creates a Minix filesystem.</para>
    12594
    126 <sect4><title>mkswap</title>
    127 <para>mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.</para></sect4>
     95<para><command>mkswap</command> initializes the given device or file to be
     96used as a swap area.</para>
    12897
    129 <sect4><title>more</title>
    130 <para>more is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a
    131 time.</para></sect4>
     98<para><command>more</command> is a filter for paging through text one
     99screenful at a time. But less is much better.</para>
    132100
    133 <sect4><title>mount</title>
    134 <para>mount mounts, from many possible sources, filesystems or directories
    135 on a directory (mount point).</para></sect4>
     101<para><command>mount</command> attaches the filesystem on the given device
     102to the given directory in the system's file tree.</para>
    136103
    137 <sect4><title>namei</title>
    138 <para>namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found.</para></sect4>
     104<para><command>namei</command> shows the symbolic links in the given
     105pathnames.</para>
    139106
    140 <sect4><title>parse.bash, parse.tcsh, test.bash, test.tcsh</title>
    141 <para>These are example scripts for using the getopt program with either
    142 BASH or TCSH.</para></sect4>
     107<para><command>pg</command>...</para>
    143108
    144 <sect4><title>pg</title>
    145 <para>No description is currently available.</para></sect4>
     109<para><command>pivot_root</command> makes the given filesystem the new
     110root filesystem of the current process.</para>
    146111
    147 <sect4><title>pivot_root</title>
    148 <para>pivot_root moves the root file system of the current process.</para></sect4>
     112<para><command>ramsize</command> could be used to set the size of the
     113RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
    149114
    150 <sect4><title>ramsize</title>
    151 <para>ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size.</para></sect4>
     115<para><command>rdev</command> could be used to query and set the root
     116device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
    152117
    153 <sect4><title>raw</title>
    154 <para>raw is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device.</para></sect4>
     118<para><command>readprofile</command> reads kernel profiling information.</para>
    155119
    156 <sect4><title>rdev</title>
    157 <para>rdev queries and sets image root device, swap device, RAM disk size or
    158 video mode.</para></sect4>
     120<para><command>rename</command> renames the given files, replacing a given
     121string with another.</para>
    159122
    160 <sect4><title>readprofile</title>
    161 <para>readprofile reads kernel profiling information.</para></sect4>
     123<para><command>renice</command> is used to alter the priority of running
     124processes.</para>
    162125
    163 <sect4><title>rename</title>
    164 <para>rename renames files.</para></sect4>
     126<para><command>rev</command> reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
    165127
    166 <sect4><title>renice</title>
    167 <para>renice alters priority of running processes.</para></sect4>
     128<para><command>rootflags</command> could be used to set the rootflags
     129in a bootable image.</para>
    168130
    169 <sect4><title>rev</title>
    170 <para>rev reverses lines of a file.</para></sect4>
     131<para><command>script</command> makes a typescript of a terminal
     132session, of everything printed to the terminal.</para>
    171133
    172 <sect4><title>rootflags</title>
    173 <para>rootflags queries and sets extra information used when mounting
    174 root.</para></sect4>
     134<para><command>setfdprm</command> sets user-provided floppy disk
     135parameters.</para>
    175136
    176 <sect4><title>script</title>
    177 <para>script makes a typescript of terminal session.</para></sect4>
     137<para><command>setsid</command> runs the given program in a new session.</para>
    178138
    179 <sect4><title>setfdprm</title>
    180 <para>setfdprm sets user-provided floppy disk parameters.</para></sect4>
     139<para><command>setterm</command> is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
    181140
    182 <sect4><title>setsid</title>
    183 <para>setsid runs programs in a new session.</para></sect4>
     141<para><command>sfdisk</command> is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
    184142
    185 <sect4><title>setterm</title>
    186 <para>setterm sets terminal attributes.</para></sect4>
     143<para><command>swapdev</command> could be used to set the swap device
     144in a bootable image.</para>
    187145
    188 <sect4><title>sfdisk</title>
    189 <para>sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect4>
     146<para><command>swapoff</command> disables devices and files for paging
     147and swapping.</para>
    190148
    191 <sect4><title>swapoff</title>
    192 <para>swapoff disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect4>
     149<para><command>swapon</command> enables devices and files for paging
     150and swapping.</para>
    193151
    194 <sect4><title>swapon</title>
    195 <para>swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect4>
     152<para><command>tunelp</command> is used to tune the parameters of the
     153line printer.</para>
    196154
    197 <sect4><title>tunelp</title>
    198 <para>tunelp sets various parameters for the LP device.</para></sect4>
     155<para><command>ul</command> is a filter for translating underscores into
     156escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
    199157
    200 <sect4><title>ul</title>
    201 <para>ul reads a file and translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence
    202 which indicates underlining for the terminal in use.</para></sect4>
     158<para><command>umount</command> disconnects a filesystem from the
     159system's file tree.</para>
    203160
    204 <sect4><title>umount</title>
    205 <para>umount unmounts a mounted filesystem or directory.</para></sect4>
     161<para><command>vidmode</command> could be used to set the video mode
     162in a bootable image.</para>
    206163
    207 <sect4><title>vidmode</title>
    208 <para>vidmode queries and sets the video mode.</para></sect4>
     164<para><command>whereis</command> reports the location of binary, the
     165source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
    209166
    210 <sect4><title>whereis</title>
    211 <para>whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a
    212 command.</para></sect4>
    213 
    214 <sect4><title>write</title>
    215 <para>write sends a message to another user, if that user has writing
    216 enabled (usually by using mesg).</para></sect4>
     167<para><command>write</command> sends a message to the given user. That is,
     168if that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
    217169
    218170</sect3>

  • appendixa/vim-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>efm_filter.pl</title>
    10 <para>efm_filter.pl is a filter which reads from stdin, copies to
    11 stdout and creates an error file that can be read by vim.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>efm_filter.pl</command> is a filter for creating an error
     10file that can be read by vim.</para>
    1211
    13 <sect4><title>efm_perl.pl</title>
    14 <para>efm_perl.pl reformats the error messages of the Perl interpreter for
    15 use with the quickfix mode of vim.</para></sect4>
     12<para><command>efm_perl.pl</command> reformats the error messages of the
     13Perl interpreter for use with the quickfix mode of vim.</para>
    1614
    17 <sect4><title>ex</title>
    18 <para>ex starts vim in Ex mode.</para></sect4>
     15<para><command>ex</command> starts vim in ex mode.</para>
    1916
    20 <sect4><title>less.sh</title>
    21 <para>less.sh is a script which starts vim with less.vim.</para></sect4>
     17<para><command>less.sh</command> is a script that starts vim with less.vim.</para>
    2218
    23 <sect4><title>mve.awk</title>
    24 <para>mve.awk processes vim errors.</para></sect4>
     19<para><command>mve.awk</command> processes vim errors.</para>
    2520
    26 <sect4><title>pltags.pl</title>
    27 <para>pltags.pl creates a tags file for Perl code, for use by
    28 vim.</para></sect4>
     21<para><command>pltags.pl</command> creates a tags file for perl code,
     22for use by vim.</para>
    2923
    30 <sect4><title>ref</title>
    31 <para>ref checks the spelling of arguments.</para></sect4>
     24<para><command>ref</command> checks the spelling of arguments.</para>
    3225
    33 <sect4><title>rview</title>
    34 <para>rview is a restricted version of view. No shell commands can be started
    35 and vim can't be suspended.</para></sect4>
     26<para><command>rview</command> is a restricted version of view: no shell
     27commands can be started and view can't be suspended.</para>
    3628
    37 <sect4><title>rvim</title>
    38 <para>rvim is the restricted version of vim. No shell commands can be started
    39 and vim can't be suspended.</para></sect4>
     29<para><command>rvim</command> is a restricted version of vim: no shell
     30commands can be started and vim can't be suspended.</para>
    4031
    41 <sect4><title>shtags.pl</title>
    42 <para>shtags.pl generates a tag file for perl scripts.</para></sect4>
     32<para><command>shtags.pl</command> generates a tag file for perl scripts.</para>
    4333
    44 <sect4><title>tcltags</title>
    45 <para>tcltags generates a tag file for Tcl code.</para></sect4>
     34<para><command>tcltags</command> generates a tag file for TCL code.</para>
    4635
    47 <sect4><title>vi</title>
    48 <para>vi starts vim in vi-compatible mode.</para></sect4>
     36<para><command>vi</command> starts vim in vi-compatible mode.</para>
    4937
    50 <sect4><title>view</title>
    51 <para>view starts vim in read-only mode.</para></sect4>
     38<para><command>view</command> starts vim in read-only mode.</para>
    5239
    53 <sect4><title>vim</title>
    54 <para>vim starts vim in the normal, default way.</para></sect4>
     40<para><command>vim</command> is the editor.</para>
    5541
    56 <sect4><title>vim132</title>
    57 <para>vim132 starts vim with the terminal in 132 column mode.</para></sect4>
     42<para><command>vim132</command> starts vim with the terminal in
     43132-column mode.</para>
    5844
    59 <sect4><title>vim2html.pl</title>
    60 <para>vim2html.pl converts vim documentation to HTML.</para></sect4>
     45<para><command>vim2html.pl</command> converts vim documentation to
     46HTML.</para>
    6147
    62 <sect4><title>vimdiff</title>
    63 <para>vimdiff edits two or three versions of a file with vim and show
    64 differences.</para></sect4>
     48<para><command>vimdiff</command> edits two or three versions of a file with
     49vim and show differences.</para>
    6550
    66 <sect4><title>vimm</title>
    67 <para>vimm enables the DEC locator input model on a remote
    68 terminal.</para></sect4>
     51<para><command>vimm</command> enables the DEC locator input model on a
     52remote terminal.</para>
    6953
    70 <sect4><title>vimspell.sh</title>
    71 <para>vimspell.sh is a script which spells a file and generates the syntax
    72 statements necessary to highlight in vim.</para></sect4>
     54<para><command>vimspell.sh</command> is a script which spells a file and generates the syntax
     55statements necessary to highlight in vim.</para>
    7356
    74 <sect4><title>vimtutor</title>
    75 <para>vimtutor starts the Vim tutor.</para></sect4>
     57<para><command>vimtutor</command> teaches you the basic keys and commands
     58of vim.</para>
    7659
    77 <sect4><title>xxd</title>
    78 <para>xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse.</para></sect4>
     60<para><command>xxd</command> makes a hexdump of the given file. It can
     61also do the reverse, so it can be used for binary patching.</para>
    7962
    8063</sect3>
    8164
    8265</sect2>
     66

  • appendixa/zlib-desc.xml

    raa49729 r978d0bf  
    77<sect3><title>Program file descriptions</title>
    88
    9 <sect4><title>libz</title>
    10 <para>This is the zlib library, which is used by many programs for its
    11 compression and uncompression functions.</para></sect4>
     9<para><command>libz</command> contains compression and uncompression
     10functions used by some programs.</para>
    1211
    1312</sect3>
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