Changeset bc2136e


Ignore:
Timestamp:
06/16/2005 04:47:40 PM (19 years ago)
Author:
Archaic <archaic@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.0-rc1, 10.1, 10.1-rc1, 11.0, 11.0-rc1, 11.0-rc2, 11.0-rc3, 11.1, 11.1-rc1, 11.2, 11.2-rc1, 11.3, 11.3-rc1, 12.0, 12.0-rc1, 12.1, 12.1-rc1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5-systemd, 7.6, 7.6-systemd, 7.7, 7.7-systemd, 7.8, 7.8-systemd, 7.9, 7.9-systemd, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, arm, bdubbs/gcc13, ml-11.0, multilib, renodr/libudev-from-systemd, s6-init, trunk, xry111/arm64, xry111/arm64-12.0, xry111/clfs-ng, xry111/lfs-next, xry111/loongarch, xry111/loongarch-12.0, xry111/loongarch-12.1, xry111/mips64el, xry111/pip3, xry111/rust-wip-20221008, xry111/update-glibc
Children:
2a88671
Parents:
9c80e02
Message:

Several minor grammatical fixes. Thanks to Randy and Steve.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@6011 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

Files:
25 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    5151to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from
    5252the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve
    53 this easily, wrap the four commands in a <command>time</command>
    54 command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; ...
    55 &amp;&amp; ... &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
     53this easily, wrap the three commands in a <command>time</command>
     54command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; make
     55&amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
    5656
    5757<para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>

  • chapter06/automake.xml

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    9999in the top-level directory. By scanning the
    100100<filename>configure.in</filename> file, it automatically finds each
    101 appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generate the
     101appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generates the
    102102corresponding <filename>Makefile.in</filename> file</para>
    103103<indexterm zone="ch-system-automake automake"><primary sortas="b-automake">automake</primary></indexterm>

  • chapter06/bash.xml

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    105105<term><command>bashbug</command></term>
    106106<listitem>
    107 <para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
    108 concerning <command>bash</command> in a standard format</para>
     107<para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail standard formatted bug
     108reports concerning <command>bash</command>.</para>
    109109<indexterm zone="ch-system-bash bashbug"><primary sortas="b-bashbug">bashbug</primary></indexterm>
    110110</listitem>

  • chapter06/binutils.xml

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    6969<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
    7070
    71 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
    72 ultimately be located) is set to <filename
    73 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>, which
    74 expands into <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>.
    75 Because this is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
    76 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. This setup would be
    77 used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
    78 package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
    79 on PowerPC machines).</para>
     71<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
     72be located) is set to <filename
     73class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
     74machines would expand that to <filename
     75class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
     76system, this target-specific directory in <filename
     77class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
     78class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
     79system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
     80machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
    8081
    8182<important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is

  • chapter06/bzip2.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    1414<sect2 role="package"><title/>
    1515<para>The Bzip2 package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
    16 files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yield a much better
     16files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yields a much better
    1717compression percentage than with the traditional <command>gzip</command>.</para>
    1818
    … …  
    8080<seglistitem><seg>bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff,
    8181bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless, and bzmore</seg>
    82 <seg>libbz2.a, libbz2.so (link to libbz2.so.1.0), libbz2.so.1.0 (link to
    83 libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;), and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem>
     82<seg>libbz2.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
    8483</segmentedlist>
    8584

  • chapter06/chroot.xml

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    4646
    4747<para>It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder
    48 of this chapter and the following chapters be run from within the
     48of this chapter and the following chapters are run from within the
    4949chroot environment. If you leave this environment for any reason
    5050(rebooting for example), remember to first mount the <systemitem

  • chapter06/coreutils.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    5252<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
    5353
    54 <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
    55 presence of files and users that are not valid this early in the LFS
    56 build. Therefore, additional items need to be set up before running
    57 the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
     54<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several invalid assumptions about the
     55presence of system users and groups. Therefore, additional items need to be set
     56up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
    5857not running the test suite.</para>
    5958
    60 <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user name:</para>
     59<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
    6160
    6261<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group

  • chapter06/createfiles.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    88<?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
    99
    10 <para>Some programs hard-wire paths to programs which do not yet
     10<para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not yet
    1111exist. In order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic
    1212links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of

  • chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    88<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
    99
    10 <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system.
    11 Create a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a
    12 standard tree:</para>
     10<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
     11standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
    1312 
    1413<screen><userinput>install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
    … …  
    4443class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
    4544class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
    46 other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
     45another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
    4746so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777
    4847bit mask.</para>

  • chapter06/devices.xml

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    2525<title>Mounting ramfs and Populating /dev</title>
    2626
    27 <para>The ideal way to populate <filename
    28 class="directory">/dev</filename> is to mount a <systemitem
    29 class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> onto <filename
    30 class="directory">/dev</filename>, like <systemitem
    31 class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>, and create the devices on there
    32 during each bootup. Since the system has not been booted, it is
    33 necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do and populate
    34 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>. Begin by mounting
    35 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
     27<para>The recommended method of populating the <filename
     28class="directory">/dev</filename> directory with devices is to mount a virtual
     29filesystem (such as <systemitem class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> or
     30<systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename
     31class="directory">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be created
     32dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or accessed. This is
     33generally done during the boot process. Since this new system has not been
     34booted, it is necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do by
     35mounting <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
    3636
    3737<screen><userinput>mount -n -t ramfs none /dev</userinput></screen>
    3838
    39 <!-- Edit Me -->
    40 <para>Since the Udev package will not be installed until later on in the
    41 process, create a minimal set of device nodes used for building:</para>
     39<para>The Udev package is what actually creates the devices in the <filename
     40class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. Since it will not be installed
     41until later on in the process, manually create the minimal set of device nodes
     42needed to complete the building of this system:</para>
    4243
    4344<screen><userinput>mknod -m 622 /dev/console c 5 1

  • chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml

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    255255<term><command>mk_cmds</command></term>
    256256<listitem>
    257 <para>Converts a table of command names and helps messages into a C
     257<para>Converts a table of command names and help messages into a C
    258258source file suitable for use with the <filename
    259259class="libraryfile">libss</filename> subsystem library</para>

  • chapter06/gcc.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    5050<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-linkonce-patch;</userinput></screen>
    5151
    52 <para>Apply a sed substitution that will suppress the installation of
    53 <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The version of
    54 <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
     52<para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
     53installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
     54version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
    5555Binutils will be used instead:</para>
    5656
    … …  
    9090<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    9191
    92 <para>Some packages expect the C PreProcessor to be installed in the
     92<para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
    9393<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
    9494To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>

  • chapter06/glibc.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    406406<term><command>mtrace</command></term>
    407407<listitem>
    408 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
    409 ouputs a summary in human-readable format</para>
     408<para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
    410409<indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace"><primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary></indexterm>
    411410</listitem>
    … …  
    631630<para>The Name Service Switch libraries,
    632631containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names,
    633 aliases, services, protocols, etc</para>
     632aliases, services, protocols, etc.</para>
    634633<indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss"><primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary></indexterm>
    635634</listitem>

  • chapter06/groff.xml

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    174174<listitem>
    175175<para>Is a driver for <command>groff</command> that produces output
    176 in PCL5 format suitable for an HP Laserjet 4 printer</para>
     176in PCL5 format suitable for an HP LaserJet 4 printer</para>
    177177<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4"><primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary></indexterm>
    178178</listitem>
    … …  
    297297<term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
    298298<listitem>
    299 <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
     299<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
    300300<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
    301301</listitem>
    … …  
    305305<term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
    306306<listitem>
    307 <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
     307<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
    308308<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
    309309</listitem>

  • chapter06/gzip.xml

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    3232<title>Installation of Gzip</title>
    3333
    34 <para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilites.  The following patch
     34<para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilities.  The following patch
    3535addresses both of them:</para>
    3636
    … …  
    5656<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    5757
    58 <para>Move the programs to the <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory:</para>
     58<para>Move the <command>gzip</command>program to the <filename
     59class="directory">/bin</filename> directory and create some commonly used
     60symlinks to it:</para>
    5961
    6062<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/gzip /bin

  • chapter06/hotplug.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    8383sortas="b-hotplug">hotplug</primary></indexterm>
    8484<para>This script is called by default by the Linux kernel when something
    85 changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or removed)</para>
     85changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or an existing device
     86is removed)</para>
    8687</listitem>
    8788</varlistentry>

  • chapter06/iproute2.xml

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    113113        </term>
    114114        <listitem>
    115           <para>Shows the interfaces statistic, including the amount of transmitted
     115          <para>Shows the interface statistics, including the amount of transmitted
    116116                and received packages by interface</para>
    117117          <indexterm zone="ch-system-iproute2 ifstat">

  • chapter06/make.xml

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    1313
    1414<sect2 role="package"><title/>
    15 <para>The Make package contains a program for compiling large packages.</para>
     15<para>The Make package contains a program for compiling packages.</para>
    1616
    1717<segmentedlist>

  • chapter06/module-init-tools.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    8181</varlistentry>
    8282
    83 <varlistentry id="genksyms">
    84 <term><command>genksyms</command></term>
    85 <listitem>
    86 <para>Generates symbol version information</para>
    87 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools genksyms"><primary sortas="b-genksyms">genksyms</primary></indexterm>
    88 </listitem>
    89 </varlistentry>
    90 
    9183<varlistentry id="insmod">
    9284<term><command>insmod</command></term>
    … …  
    9789</varlistentry>
    9890
    99 <varlistentry id="insmod_ksymoops_clean">
    100 <term><command>insmod_ksymoops_clean</command></term>
     91<varlistentry id="insmod.static">
     92<term><command>insmod.static</command></term>
    10193<listitem>
    102 <para>Deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed for two days</para>
    103 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod_ksymoops_clean"><primary sortas="b-insmod_ksymoops_clean">insmod_ksymoops_clean</primary></indexterm>
    104 </listitem>
    105 </varlistentry>
    106 
    107 <varlistentry id="kallsyms">
    108 <term><command>kallsyms</command></term>
    109 <listitem>
    110 <para>Extracts all kernel symbols for debugging</para>
    111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kallsyms"><primary sortas="b-kallsyms">kallsyms</primary></indexterm>
    112 </listitem>
    113 </varlistentry>
    114 
    115 <varlistentry id="kernelversion">
    116 <term><command>kernelversion</command></term>
    117 <listitem>
    118 <para>Reports the major version of the running kernel</para>
    119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kernelversion"><primary sortas="b-kernelversion">kernelversion</primary></indexterm>
    120 </listitem>
    121 </varlistentry>
    122 
    123 <varlistentry id="ksyms">
    124 <term><command>ksyms</command></term>
    125 <listitem>
    126 <para>Displays exported kernel symbols</para>
    127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools ksyms"><primary sortas="b-ksyms">ksyms</primary></indexterm>
     94<para>A static version of insmod</para>
     95<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod.static"><primary
     96sortas="b-insmod.static">insmod.static</primary></indexterm>
    12897</listitem>
    12998</varlistentry>

  • chapter06/perl.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    155155<term><command>perl</command></term>
    156156<listitem>
    157 <para>Combines some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into a
    158 single swiss-army language</para>
     157<para>Combines some of the best features of C, <command>sed</command>,
     158<command>awk</command> and <command>sh</command> into a single swiss-army
     159language</para>
    159160<indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perl"><primary sortas="b-perl">perl</primary></indexterm>
    160161</listitem>
    … …  
    300301<term><command>s2p</command></term>
    301302<listitem>
    302 <para>Translates sed to Perl</para>
     303<para>Translates <command>sed</command> scripts to Perl</para>
    303304<indexterm zone="ch-system-perl s2p"><primary sortas="b-s2p">s2p</primary></indexterm>
    304305</listitem>

  • chapter06/pwdgroup.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    1616
    1717<para>In order for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login
    18 and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to
    19 be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
     18and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there must be relevant
     19entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
    2020<filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
    2121
    … …  
    7070<screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
    7171
    72 <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This
    73 tells <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing.
    74 Without this directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the
    75 paths to binaries it has executed. In order to use the newly compiled
    76 binaries as soon as they are installed, turn off this function for the
    77 duration of this chapter.</para>
     72<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
     73<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
     74directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it has
     75executed. In ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they are
     76installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the duration
     77of this chapter.</para>
    7878
    7979<para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and

  • chapter06/readline.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    6969<screen><userinput>mv /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
    7070
    71 <para>Next we will remove the old, <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
     71<para>Next we will remove the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
    7272<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and relink them into
    7373<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.</para>

  • chapter06/texinfo.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    124124<listitem>
    125125<para>Translates the given Texinfo source documents into
    126 info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
     126Info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
    127127<indexterm zone="ch-system-texinfo makeinfo"><primary sortas="b-makeinfo">makeinfo</primary></indexterm>
    128128</listitem>

  • chapter06/vim.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    8787<screen><userinput>ln -s vim /usr/bin/vi</userinput></screen>
    8888
    89 <para>If the X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
     89<para>If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
    9090system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim
    9191comes with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some

  • chapter06/zlib.xml

    r9c80e02 rbc2136e  
    5353<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
    5454
    55 <para>Next we will remove the old <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
    56 the <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory and relink them
    57 into <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
     55<para>The previous command installed a <filename
     56class="extension">.so</filename> file in <filename
     57class="directory">/lib</filename>. We will remove it and relink it into
     58<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
    5859
    5960<screen><userinput>rm /lib/libz.so
    … …  
    8485<segmentedlist>
    8586<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
    86 <seglistitem><seg>libz[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
     87<seglistitem><seg>libz.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
    8788</segmentedlist>
    8889
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