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  • chapter06/util-linux.xml

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    81 <sect2 id="contents-utillinux"><title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
    82 
    83 <para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: agetty, arch, blockdev, cal,
    84 cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate,
    85 dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump,
    86 hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs,
    87 mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root,
    88 ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags
    89 (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapoff (link to
    90 swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev), whereis and
    91 write</para>
     81<sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content"><title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
     82
     83<segmentedlist>
     84<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
     85<seglistitem><seg>agetty, arch, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt,
     86colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk,
     87fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line,
     88logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
     89more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root, ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile,
     90rename, renice, rev, rootflags (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm,
     91sfdisk, swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev),
     92whereis and write</seg></seglistitem>
     93</segmentedlist>
     94
     95<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
     96
     97<varlistentry>
     98<term id="agetty"><command>agetty</command></term>
     99<listitem>
     100<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty"><primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary></indexterm>
     101<para>opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
     102and then invokes the login program.</para>
     103</listitem>
     104</varlistentry>
     105
     106<varlistentry>
     107<term id="arch"><command>arch</command></term>
     108<listitem>
     109<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux arch"><primary sortas="b-arch">arch</primary></indexterm>
     110<para>reports the machine's architecture.</para>
     111</listitem>
     112</varlistentry>
     113
     114<varlistentry>
     115<term id="blockdev"><command>blockdev</command></term>
     116<listitem>
     117<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev"><primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary></indexterm>
     118<para>allows you to call block device ioctls from the command line.</para>
     119</listitem>
     120</varlistentry>
     121
     122<varlistentry>
     123<term id="cal"><command>cal</command></term>
     124<listitem>
     125<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal"><primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary></indexterm>
     126<para>displays a simple calendar.</para>
     127</listitem>
     128</varlistentry>
     129
     130<varlistentry>
     131<term id="cfdisk"><command>cfdisk</command></term>
     132<listitem>
     133<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk"><primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary></indexterm>
     134<para>is used to manipulate the partition table of the given device.</para>
     135</listitem>
     136</varlistentry>
     137
     138<varlistentry>
     139<term id="chkdupexe"><command>chkdupexe</command></term>
     140<listitem>
     141<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chkdupexe"><primary sortas="b-chkdupexe">chkdupexe</primary></indexterm>
     142<para>finds duplicate executables.</para>
     143</listitem>
     144</varlistentry>
     145
     146<varlistentry>
     147<term id="col"><command>col</command></term>
     148<listitem>
     149<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col"><primary sortas="b-col">col</primary></indexterm>
     150<para>filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
     151</listitem>
     152</varlistentry>
     153
     154<varlistentry>
     155<term id="colcrt"><command>colcrt</command></term>
     156<listitem>
     157<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt"><primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary></indexterm>
     158<para>is used to filter nroff output for terminals
     159that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
     160</listitem>
     161</varlistentry>
     162
     163<varlistentry>
     164<term id="colrm"><command>colrm</command></term>
     165<listitem>
     166<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm"><primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary></indexterm>
     167<para>filters out the given columns.</para>
     168</listitem>
     169</varlistentry>
     170
     171<varlistentry>
     172<term id="column"><command>column</command></term>
     173<listitem>
     174<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column"><primary sortas="b-column">column</primary></indexterm>
     175<para>formats a given file into multiple columns.</para>
     176</listitem>
     177</varlistentry>
     178
     179<varlistentry>
     180<term id="ctrlaltdel"><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
     181<listitem>
     182<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel"><primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary></indexterm>
     183<para>sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a hard or a
     184soft reset.</para>
     185</listitem>
     186</varlistentry>
     187
     188<varlistentry>
     189<term id="cytune"><command>cytune</command></term>
     190<listitem>
     191<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cytune"><primary sortas="b-cytune">cytune</primary></indexterm>
     192<para>was used to tune the parameters of the
     193serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
     194</listitem>
     195</varlistentry>
     196
     197<varlistentry>
     198<term id="ddate"><command>ddate</command></term>
     199<listitem>
     200<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ddate"><primary sortas="b-ddate">ddate</primary></indexterm>
     201<para>gives the Discordian date, or converts the
     202given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
     203</listitem>
     204</varlistentry>
     205
     206<varlistentry>
     207<term id="dmesg"><command>dmesg</command></term>
     208<listitem>
     209<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg"><primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary></indexterm>
     210<para>dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
     211</listitem>
     212</varlistentry>
     213
     214<varlistentry>
     215<term id="elvtune"><command>elvtune</command></term>
     216<listitem>
     217<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux elvtune"><primary sortas="b-elvtune">elvtune</primary></indexterm>
     218<para>can be used to tune the performance
     219and interactivity of a block device.</para>
     220</listitem>
     221</varlistentry>
     222
     223<varlistentry>
     224<term id="fdformat"><command>fdformat</command></term>
     225<listitem>
     226<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat"><primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary></indexterm>
     227<para>low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
     228</listitem>
     229</varlistentry>
     230
     231<varlistentry>
     232<term id="fdisk"><command>fdisk</command></term>
     233<listitem>
     234<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk"><primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary></indexterm>
     235<para>could be used to manipulate the partition table of the given device.</para>
     236</listitem>
     237</varlistentry>
     238
     239<varlistentry>
     240<term id="fsck.cramfs"><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
     241<listitem>
     242<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
     243<para>performs a consistency check on the
     244Cramfs file system on the given device.</para>
     245</listitem>
     246</varlistentry>
     247
     248<varlistentry>
     249<term id="fsck.minix"><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
     250<listitem>
     251<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix"><primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary></indexterm>
     252<para>performs a consistency check on the
     253Minix file system on the given device.</para>
     254</listitem>
     255</varlistentry>
     256
     257<varlistentry>
     258<term id="getopt"><command>getopt</command></term>
     259<listitem>
     260<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt"><primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary></indexterm>
     261<para>parses options in the given command line.</para>
     262</listitem>
     263</varlistentry>
     264
     265<varlistentry>
     266<term id="hexdump"><command>hexdump</command></term>
     267<listitem>
     268<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump"><primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary></indexterm>
     269<para>dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or in another given format.</para>
     270</listitem>
     271</varlistentry>
     272
     273<varlistentry>
     274<term id="hwclock"><command>hwclock</command></term>
     275<listitem>
     276<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock"><primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary></indexterm>
     277<para>is used to read or set the system's hardware clock, also called the RTC
     278(Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock.</para>
     279</listitem>
     280</varlistentry>
     281
     282<varlistentry>
     283<term id="ipcrm"><command>ipcrm</command></term>
     284<listitem>
     285<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm"><primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary></indexterm>
     286<para>removes the given IPC resource.</para>
     287</listitem>
     288</varlistentry>
     289
     290<varlistentry>
     291<term id="ipcs"><command>ipcs</command></term>
     292<listitem>
     293<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs"><primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary></indexterm>
     294<para>provides IPC status information.</para>
     295</listitem>
     296</varlistentry>
     297
     298<varlistentry>
     299<term id="isosize"><command>isosize</command></term>
     300<listitem>
     301<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize"><primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary></indexterm>
     302<para>reports the size of an iso9660 file system.</para>
     303</listitem>
     304</varlistentry>
     305
     306<varlistentry>
     307<term id="line"><command>line</command></term>
     308<listitem>
     309<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux line"><primary sortas="b-line">line</primary></indexterm>
     310<para>copies a single line.</para>
     311</listitem>
     312</varlistentry>
     313
     314<varlistentry>
     315<term id="logger"><command>logger</command></term>
     316<listitem>
     317<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger"><primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary></indexterm>
     318<para>enters the given message into the system log.</para>
     319</listitem>
     320</varlistentry>
     321
     322<varlistentry>
     323<term id="look"><command>look</command></term>
     324<listitem>
     325<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look"><primary sortas="b-look">look</primary></indexterm>
     326<para>displays lines that begin with the given string.</para>
     327</listitem>
     328</varlistentry>
     329
     330<varlistentry>
     331<term id="losetup"><command>losetup</command></term>
     332<listitem>
     333<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup"><primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary></indexterm>
     334<para>is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
     335</listitem>
     336</varlistentry>
     337
     338<varlistentry>
     339<term id="mcookie"><command>mcookie</command></term>
     340<listitem>
     341<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie"><primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary></indexterm>
     342<para>generates magic cookies, 128-bit random hexadecimal numbers,
     343for xauth.</para>
     344</listitem>
     345</varlistentry>
     346
     347<varlistentry>
     348<term id="mkfs"><command>mkfs</command></term>
     349<listitem>
     350<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary></indexterm>
     351<para>is used to build a file system on a device
     352(usually a hard disk partition).</para>
     353</listitem>
     354</varlistentry>
     355
     356<varlistentry>
     357<term id="mkfs.bfs"><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
     358<listitem>
     359<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary></indexterm>
     360<para>creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system.</para>
     361</listitem>
     362</varlistentry>
     363
     364<varlistentry>
     365<term id="mkfs.cramfs"><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
     366<listitem>
     367<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
     368<para>creates a cramfs file system.</para>
     369</listitem>
     370</varlistentry>
     371
     372<varlistentry>
     373<term id="mkfs.minix"><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
     374<listitem>
     375<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary></indexterm>
     376<para>creates a Minix file system.</para>
     377</listitem>
     378</varlistentry>
     379
     380<varlistentry>
     381<term id="mkswap"><command>mkswap</command></term>
     382<listitem>
     383<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap"><primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary></indexterm>
     384<para>initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap area.</para>
     385</listitem>
     386</varlistentry>
     387
     388<varlistentry>
     389<term id="more"><command>more</command></term>
     390<listitem>
     391<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more"><primary sortas="b-more">more</primary></indexterm>
     392<para>is a filter for paging through text one
     393screen full at a time. But less is much better.</para>
     394</listitem>
     395</varlistentry>
     396
     397<varlistentry>
     398<term id="mount"><command>mount</command></term>
     399<listitem>
     400<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount"><primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary></indexterm>
     401<para>attaches the file system on the given device to a specified directory (thus
     402hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree.</para>
     403</listitem>
     404</varlistentry>
     405
     406<varlistentry>
     407<term id="namei"><command>namei</command></term>
     408<listitem>
     409<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei"><primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary></indexterm>
     410<para>shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames.</para>
     411</listitem>
     412</varlistentry>
     413
     414<varlistentry>
     415<term id="pg"><command>pg</command></term>
     416<listitem>
     417<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg"><primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary></indexterm>
     418<para>displays a text file one screen full at a time.</para>
     419</listitem>
     420</varlistentry>
     421
     422<varlistentry>
     423<term id="pivot_root"><command>pivot_root</command></term>
     424<listitem>
     425<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root"><primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary></indexterm>
     426<para>makes the given file system the new
     427root file system of the current process.</para>
     428</listitem>
     429</varlistentry>
     430
     431<varlistentry>
     432<term id="ramsize"><command>ramsize</command></term>
     433<listitem>
     434<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ramsize"><primary sortas="b-ramsize">ramsize</primary></indexterm>
     435<para>is used to set the size of the RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
     436</listitem>
     437</varlistentry>
     438
     439<varlistentry>
     440<term id="rdev"><command>rdev</command></term>
     441<listitem>
     442<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rdev"><primary sortas="b-rdev">rdev</primary></indexterm>
     443<para>is used to query and set the root
     444device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
     445</listitem>
     446</varlistentry>
     447
     448<varlistentry>
     449<term id="readprofile"><command>readprofile</command></term>
     450<listitem>
     451<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile"><primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary></indexterm>
     452<para>reads kernel profiling information.</para>
     453</listitem>
     454</varlistentry>
     455
     456<varlistentry>
     457<term id="rename"><command>rename</command></term>
     458<listitem>
     459<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename"><primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary></indexterm>
     460<para>renames the given files, replacing a given string with another.</para>
     461</listitem>
     462</varlistentry>
     463
     464<varlistentry>
     465<term id="renice"><command>renice</command></term>
     466<listitem>
     467<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice"><primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary></indexterm>
     468<para>is used to alter the priority of running processes.</para>
     469</listitem>
     470</varlistentry>
     471
     472<varlistentry>
     473<term id="rev"><command>rev</command></term>
     474<listitem>
     475<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev"><primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary></indexterm>
     476<para>reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
     477</listitem>
     478</varlistentry>
     479
     480<varlistentry>
     481<term id="rootflags"><command>rootflags</command></term>
     482<listitem>
     483<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rootflags"><primary sortas="b-rootflags">rootflags</primary></indexterm>
     484<para>is used to set the rootflags in a bootable image.</para>
     485</listitem>
     486</varlistentry>
     487
     488<varlistentry>
     489<term id="script"><command>script</command></term>
     490<listitem>
     491<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script"><primary sortas="b-script">script</primary></indexterm>
     492<para>makes a typescript of a terminal session, of everything printed to
     493the terminal.</para>
     494</listitem>
     495</varlistentry>
     496
     497<varlistentry>
     498<term id="setfdprm"><command>setfdprm</command></term>
     499<listitem>
     500<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setfdprm"><primary sortas="b-setfdprm">setfdprm</primary></indexterm>
     501<para>sets user-provided floppy disk parameters.</para>
     502</listitem>
     503</varlistentry>
     504
     505<varlistentry>
     506<term id="setsid"><command>setsid</command></term>
     507<listitem>
     508<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid"><primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary></indexterm>
     509<para>runs the given program in a new session.</para>
     510</listitem>
     511</varlistentry>
     512
     513<varlistentry>
     514<term id="setterm"><command>setterm</command></term>
     515<listitem>
     516<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm"><primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary></indexterm>
     517<para>is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
     518</listitem>
     519</varlistentry>
     520
     521<varlistentry>
     522<term id="sfdisk"><command>sfdisk</command></term>
     523<listitem>
     524<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk"><primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary></indexterm>
     525<para>is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
     526</listitem>
     527</varlistentry>
     528
     529<varlistentry>
     530<term id="swapdev"><command>swapdev</command></term>
     531<listitem>
     532<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapdev"><primary sortas="b-swapdev">swapdev</primary></indexterm>
     533<para>is used to set the swap device in a bootable image.</para>
     534</listitem>
     535</varlistentry>
     536
     537<varlistentry>
     538<term id="swapoff"><command>swapoff</command></term>
     539<listitem>
     540<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff"><primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary></indexterm>
     541<para>disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
     542</listitem>
     543</varlistentry>
     544
     545<varlistentry>
     546<term id="swapon"><command>swapon</command></term>
     547<listitem>
     548<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon"><primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary></indexterm>
     549<para>enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
     550</listitem>
     551</varlistentry>
     552
     553<varlistentry>
     554<term id="tunelp"><command>tunelp</command></term>
     555<listitem>
     556<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tunelp"><primary sortas="b-tunelp">tunelp</primary></indexterm>
     557<para>is used to tune the parameters of the line printer.</para>
     558</listitem>
     559</varlistentry>
     560
     561<varlistentry>
     562<term id="ul"><command>ul</command></term>
     563<listitem>
     564<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul"><primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary></indexterm>
     565<para>is a filter for translating underscores into
     566escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
     567</listitem>
     568</varlistentry>
     569
     570<varlistentry>
     571<term id="umount"><command>umount</command></term>
     572<listitem>
     573<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount"><primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary></indexterm>
     574<para>disconnects a file system from the system's file tree.</para>
     575</listitem>
     576</varlistentry>
     577
     578<varlistentry>
     579<term id="vidmode"><command>vidmode</command></term>
     580<listitem>
     581<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux vidmode"><primary sortas="b-vidmode">vidmode</primary></indexterm>
     582<para>could be used to set the video mode in a bootable image.</para>
     583</listitem>
     584</varlistentry>
     585
     586<varlistentry>
     587<term id="whereis"><command>whereis</command></term>
     588<listitem>
     589<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis"><primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary></indexterm>
     590<para>reports the location of binary, the
     591source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
     592</listitem>
     593</varlistentry>
     594
     595<varlistentry>
     596<term id="write"><command>write</command></term>
     597<listitem>
     598<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux write"><primary sortas="b-write">write</primary></indexterm>
     599<para>sends a message to the given user,
     600<emphasis>if</emphasis> that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
     601</listitem>
     602</varlistentry>
     603</variablelist>
    92604
    93605</sect2>
    94606
    95 <sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
    96 
    97 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty"><primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary></indexterm>
    98 <para id="agetty"><command>agetty</command> opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
    99 and then invokes the login program.</para>
    100 
    101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux arch"><primary sortas="b-arch">arch</primary></indexterm>
    102 <para id="arch"><command>arch</command> reports the machine's architecture.</para>
    103 
    104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev"><primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary></indexterm>
    105 <para id="blockdev"><command>blockdev</command> allows you to call block device ioctls
    106 from the command line.</para>
    107 
    108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal"><primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary></indexterm>
    109 <para id="cal"><command>cal</command> displays a simple calendar.</para>
    110 
    111 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk"><primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary></indexterm>
    112 <para id="cfdisk"><command>cfdisk</command> is used to manipulate the partition table
    113 of the given device.</para>
    114 
    115 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chkdupexe"><primary sortas="b-chkdupexe">chkdupexe</primary></indexterm>
    116 <para id="chkdupexe"><command>chkdupexe</command> finds duplicate executables.</para>
    117 
    118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col"><primary sortas="b-col">col</primary></indexterm>
    119 <para id="col"><command>col</command> filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
    120 
    121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt"><primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary></indexterm>
    122 <para id="colcrt"><command>colcrt</command> is used to filter nroff output for terminals
    123 that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
    124 
    125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm"><primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary></indexterm>
    126 <para id="colrm"><command>colrm</command> filters out the given columns.</para>
    127 
    128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column"><primary sortas="b-column">column</primary></indexterm>
    129 <para id="column"><command>column</command> formats a given file into multiple
    130 columns.</para>
    131 
    132 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel"><primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary></indexterm>
    133 <para id="ctrlaltdel"><command>ctrlaltdel</command> sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del
    134  key combination to a hard or a soft reset.</para>
    135 
    136 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cytune"><primary sortas="b-cytune">cytune</primary></indexterm>
    137 <para id="cytune"><command>cytune</command> was used to tune the parameters of the
    138 serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
    139 
    140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ddate"><primary sortas="b-ddate">ddate</primary></indexterm>
    141 <para id="ddate"><command>ddate</command> gives the Discordian date, or converts the
    142 given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
    143 
    144 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg"><primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary></indexterm>
    145 <para id="dmesg"><command>dmesg</command> dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
    146 
    147 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux elvtune"><primary sortas="b-elvtune">elvtune</primary></indexterm>
    148 <para id="elvtune"><command>elvtune</command> can be used to tune the performance
    149 and interactivity of a block device.</para>
    150 
    151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat"><primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary></indexterm>
    152 <para id="fdformat"><command>fdformat</command> low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
    153 
    154 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk"><primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary></indexterm>
    155 <para id="fdisk"><command>fdisk</command> could be used to manipulate the partition
    156 table of the given device.</para>
    157 
    158 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
    159 <para id="fsck.cramfs"><command>fsck.cramfs</command> performs a consistency check on the
    160 Cramfs file system on the given device.</para>
    161 
    162 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix"><primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary></indexterm>
    163 <para id="fsck.minix"><command>fsck.minix</command> performs a consistency check on the
    164 Minix file system on the given device.</para>
    165 
    166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt"><primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary></indexterm>
    167 <para id="getopt"><command>getopt</command> parses options in the given command line.</para>
    168 
    169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump"><primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary></indexterm>
    170 <para id="hexdump"><command>hexdump</command> dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or
    171 in another given format.</para>
    172 
    173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock"><primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary></indexterm>
    174 <para id="hwclock"><command>hwclock</command> is used to read or set the system's
    175 hardware clock, also called the RTC (Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock.</para>
    176 
    177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm"><primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary></indexterm>
    178 <para id="ipcrm"><command>ipcrm</command> removes the given IPC resource.</para>
    179 
    180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs"><primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary></indexterm>
    181 <para id="ipcs"><command>ipcs</command> provides IPC status information.</para>
    182 
    183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize"><primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary></indexterm>
    184 <para id="isosize"><command>isosize</command> reports the size of an iso9660
    185 file system.</para>
    186 
    187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux line"><primary sortas="b-line">line</primary></indexterm>
    188 <para id="line"><command>line</command> copies a single line.</para>
    189 
    190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger"><primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary></indexterm>
    191 <para id="logger"><command>logger</command> enters the given message into the system
    192 log.</para>
    193 
    194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look"><primary sortas="b-look">look</primary></indexterm>
    195 <para id="look"><command>look</command> displays lines that begin with the given
    196 string.</para>
    197 
    198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup"><primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary></indexterm>
    199 <para id="losetup"><command>losetup</command> is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
    200 
    201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie"><primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary></indexterm>
    202 <para id="mcookie"><command>mcookie</command> generates magic cookies, 128-bit random
    203 hexadecimal numbers, for xauth.</para>
    204 
    205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary></indexterm>
    206 <para id="mkfs"><command>mkfs</command> is used to build a file system on a device
    207 (usually a hard disk partition).</para>
    208 
    209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary></indexterm>
    210 <para id="mkfs.bfs"><command>mkfs.bfs</command> creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system.</para>
    211 
    212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
    213 <para id="mkfs.cramfs"><command>mkfs.cramfs</command> creates a cramfs file system.</para>
    214 
    215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary></indexterm>
    216 <para id="mkfs.minix"><command>mkfs.minix</command> creates a Minix file system.</para>
    217 
    218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap"><primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary></indexterm>
    219 <para id="mkswap"><command>mkswap</command> initializes the given device or file to be
    220 used as a swap area.</para>
    221 
    222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more"><primary sortas="b-more">more</primary></indexterm>
    223 <para id="more"><command>more</command> is a filter for paging through text one
    224 screen full at a time. But less is much better.</para>
    225 
    226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount"><primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary></indexterm>
    227 <para id="mount"><command>mount</command> attaches the file system on the given device
    228 to a specified directory (thus hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree.</para>
    229 
    230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei"><primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary></indexterm>
    231 <para id="namei"><command>namei</command> shows the symbolic links in the given
    232 pathnames.</para>
    233 
    234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg"><primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary></indexterm>
    235 <para id="pg"><command>pg</command> displays a text file one screen full at a
    236 time.</para>
    237 
    238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root"><primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary></indexterm>
    239 <para id="pivot_root"><command>pivot_root</command> makes the given file system the new
    240 root file system of the current process.</para>
    241 
    242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ramsize"><primary sortas="b-ramsize">ramsize</primary></indexterm>
    243 <para id="ramsize"><command>ramsize</command> is used to set the size of the
    244 RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
    245 
    246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rdev"><primary sortas="b-rdev">rdev</primary></indexterm>
    247 <para id="rdev"><command>rdev</command> is used to query and set the root
    248 device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
    249 
    250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile"><primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary></indexterm>
    251 <para id="readprofile"><command>readprofile</command> reads kernel profiling information.</para>
    252 
    253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename"><primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary></indexterm>
    254 <para id="rename"><command>rename</command> renames the given files, replacing a given
    255 string with another.</para>
    256 
    257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice"><primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary></indexterm>
    258 <para id="renice"><command>renice</command> is used to alter the priority of running
    259 processes.</para>
    260 
    261 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev"><primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary></indexterm>
    262 <para id="rev"><command>rev</command> reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
    263 
    264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rootflags"><primary sortas="b-rootflags">rootflags</primary></indexterm>
    265 <para id="rootflags"><command>rootflags</command> is used to set the rootflags
    266 in a bootable image.</para>
    267 
    268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script"><primary sortas="b-script">script</primary></indexterm>
    269 <para id="script"><command>script</command> makes a typescript of a terminal
    270 session, of everything printed to the terminal.</para>
    271 
    272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setfdprm"><primary sortas="b-setfdprm">setfdprm</primary></indexterm>
    273 <para id="setfdprm"><command>setfdprm</command> sets user-provided floppy disk
    274 parameters.</para>
    275 
    276 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid"><primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary></indexterm>
    277 <para id="setsid"><command>setsid</command> runs the given program in a new session.</para>
    278 
    279 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm"><primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary></indexterm>
    280 <para id="setterm"><command>setterm</command> is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
    281 
    282 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk"><primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary></indexterm>
    283 <para id="sfdisk"><command>sfdisk</command> is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
    284 
    285 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapdev"><primary sortas="b-swapdev">swapdev</primary></indexterm>
    286 <para id="swapdev"><command>swapdev</command> is used to set the swap device
    287 in a bootable image.</para>
    288 
    289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff"><primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary></indexterm>
    290 <para id="swapoff"><command>swapoff</command> disables devices and files for paging
    291 and swapping.</para>
    292 
    293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon"><primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary></indexterm>
    294 <para id="swapon"><command>swapon</command> enables devices and files for paging
    295 and swapping.</para>
    296 
    297 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tunelp"><primary sortas="b-tunelp">tunelp</primary></indexterm>
    298 <para id="tunelp"><command>tunelp</command> is used to tune the parameters of the
    299 line printer.</para>
    300 
    301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul"><primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary></indexterm>
    302 <para id="ul"><command>ul</command> is a filter for translating underscores into
    303 escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
    304 
    305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount"><primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary></indexterm>
    306 <para id="umount"><command>umount</command> disconnects a file system from the
    307 system's file tree.</para>
    308 
    309 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux vidmode"><primary sortas="b-vidmode">vidmode</primary></indexterm>
    310 <para id="vidmode"><command>vidmode</command> could be used to set the video mode
    311 in a bootable image.</para>
    312 
    313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis"><primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary></indexterm>
    314 <para id="whereis"><command>whereis</command> reports the location of binary, the
    315 source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
    316 
    317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux write"><primary sortas="b-write">write</primary></indexterm>
    318 <para id="write"><command>write</command> sends a message to the given user,
    319 <emphasis>if</emphasis> that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
    320 
    321 </sect2>
    322 
    323 
    324 
    325607</sect1>
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