Opened 7 months ago
Closed 4 months ago
#23051 closed enhancement (fixed)
dovecot-2.4.4
| Reported by: | Douglas R. Reno | Owned by: | SecurityAdvisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Priority: | high | Milestone: | 13.1 |
| Component: | BOOK | Version: | git |
| Severity: | medium | Keywords: | |
| Cc: |
Description
New point version
This is a quite major security release with multiple High severity issues. Some of these were discovered with the help of Claude Code Security:
Hi! We are happy to publish version 2.4.3 of Dovecot and Pigeonhole. These contain several CVEs, discovered by external researches. The majority of these have been discovered with help of automated code analysis tools like claude code security, which is why some of these are rather old, missed bugs.
Release notes:
* CVE-2025-59028: Invalid base64 authentication can cause DoS for other logins. * CVE-2025-59031: decode2text.sh OOXML extraction may follow symlinks and read unintended files during indexing. Fixed by dropping the script. * CVE-2026-24031: SQL injection possible if auth_username_chars is configured empty. Fixed escaping to always happen. v2.4 regression. * CVE-2026-27859: Excessive RFC 2231 MIME parameters in email would cause excessive CPU usage. Fixed by limiting number of parameters to process. * CVE-2026-27860: LDAP query injection possible if auth_username_chars is configured empty. Fixed escaping to always happen. v2.4 regression. * CVE-2026-27857: Sending excessive parenthesis causes imap-login to use excessive memory. * CVE-2026-27856: Doveadm credentials were not checked using timing-safe checking function. * CVE-2026-27855: OTP driver vulnerable to replay attack. * Remove default service/*/service_extra_groups=$SET:default_internal_group. They are now replaced by default mail_access_groups=$SET:default_internal_group. * The version file has been renamed as version.txt to avoid clash with C++ headers. * auth: oauth2 - Do not export token automatically, must be exported using fields. * config: Don't accept 0 as meaning unlimited anymore for last_valid_uid, last_valid_gid, mail_cache_max_headers_count, mail_cache_max_header_name_length, mail_vsize_bg_after_count, mail_sort_max_read_count, message_max_size, submission_max_recipients and quota_mail_size. * imap, pop3: Don't autoexpunge if Dovecot is shutting down or process is killed. * imap: LIST - Handle invalid mUTF-7 mailbox names as never matching anything * lazy-expunge: Change lazy_expunge_only_last_instance default to yes. * lda: Use EX_TEMPFAIL (75) if configuration is invalid instead of 89. v2.4 regression. * lib-master: Increase ANVIL_DEFAULT_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT_MSECS from 5s to 30s * lib: crc32 - Use zlib's built-in CRC32 function + Improve UTF-8 support for mail storage. + auth: Add default auth-token UNIX socket for token-based authentication. + doc: solr-config-9.xml - Make it compatible with Solr 9.8.0 + doveadm: dsync - Search mails when exporting to reduce number of mails exported by dsync-server. + dovecot-sysreport: Add -D|--destdir support. + imap, imap-hibernate: Use DOVECOT-TOKEN authentication for unhibernation. Default imap-master socket permissioms have been changed due to this. + imap: Add APPENDLIMIT capability when configured with quota_mail_size. + imap: Support STATUS (DELETED) for IMAP4rev2. + imapc: Add support for SEARCH MIMEPART + imapc: Improve error forwarding. + imapc: Support SORT and ESORT extensions. + imapc: Support STATUS (DELETED) for IMAP4rev2. + lib-sql: Support parameterized queries. + lib-test: Add new test-dir API for better temporary test directory handling. + lmtp: Advertize SIZE capability when configured with quota_mail_size. + lmtp: Support XCLIENT DESTADDR and DESTPORT + pop3-login: proxy - Add support for XCLIENT DESTIP and DESTPORT + submission-login: proxy - Add support for XCLIENT DESTIP and DESTPORT + Various optimizations have been made to the code. - Fix building dovecot with BSD, Solaris and macOS. - auth: Crash would occur if users were iterated but userdb_ldap_iterate_fields was not set. - auth: Fix request leak when client authenticates with unsupported mechanism. - auth: Some passdbs would default to PLAIN instead of CRYPT scheme. - config: Section and setting names could have been intermixed, resulting in the setting being silently ignored. - configure: Fix checking if BUILD_IMAP_HIBERNATE is set - doveadm: dsync - -e parameter was handled wrong with dsync-server. - fts-flatcurve: Mailbox leak would occur if mailbox failed to open. - imap: Fix potential issues with unhibernation and process state handling. - imapc: SEARCH failure handling was done wrong. - imapc: UID STORE commands included extra comma in uidset. - lib-auth-client: auth-master - Fix panic when reconnecting after handshake timeout. - lib-compression: Lz4 algorithm would assert-crash with malicious data. - lib-dcrypt: Fix digest algorithm handling. - lib-dict: Escape username paths to prevent traversal issues with dict-fs. - lib-http: Fix HTTP parsing edge cases and state handling. - lib-iostream: Disallow empty ssl_min_protocol. - lib-json: Fix incorrect character handling logic. - lib-ldap: Fix various TLS related bugs. - lib-mail: Fix charset translation and MIME parsing edge cases. - lib-mail: Fix multiple bounds checks and parsing issues in message handling. - lib-var-expand: Multiple fixes and improvements for expansion handling. - lib: Fix punycode decoding out-of-bounds reads. - lib: Fix unicode normalization edge cases causing crashes. - lib-http: Chunked transfer trailer size was not limited. - login-common: Improve logging and internal error handling. - login-common: login_log_format_elements was split by spaces naively, which could break variable expansion. Use template aware splitting now. - master: Dovecot would fail to start if listen directive was used and dovenull or dovecot user was missing. - pop3c: Connection might've hung with SSL. - util: Fix handling of environment variables containing control characters. - Many other bugs have been fixed. --- * CVE-2026-27858: managesieve-login can allocate large amount of memory during authentication. * CVE-2025-59032: ManageSieve panic occurs with sieve-connect as a client. * lib-sieve: Don't accept 0 as meaning unlimited anymore for sieve_quota_script_count and sieve_quota_storage_size. * managesieve-login: If mail_max_userip_connections is reached, return LIMIT/CONNECTIONS resp-code. * managesieve-login: proxy - Return unexpected backend failures as TRYLATER/NORETRY resp-code. * managesieve: Remove default service_extra_groups=$SET:default_internal_group. + managesieve-login: proxy - Add support for XCLIENT DESTIP and DESTPORT. - imapsieve: Fix panic occurring upon implicit flag changes. - lib-sieve: include-extension - Fix crash occurring when previous global command has no arguments. - lib-sieve: Fix erroneous attempt to read active script for non-personal storage. - lib-sieve: ldap: Fix linking non-shared LIBDOVECOT.
Change History (7)
comment:1 by , 7 months ago
comment:2 by , 7 months ago
| Owner: | changed from to |
|---|---|
| Status: | new → assigned |
comment:3 by , 5 months ago
| Summary: | dovecot-2.4.3 → dovecot-2.4.4 |
|---|
Now 2.4.4.
Hi!
We're sharing our latest advisory with you and like to thank everyone who contributed in
finding and solving those vulnerabilities. This advisory is also published at https://
documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/security/advisories/html/2026/oxdc-
adv-2026-0002.html
---
Classification: TLP:GREEN
Internal reference: DOV-8967
Type: CWE-235 (Improper Handling of Extra Parameters)
Component: core
Report confidence: Confirmed
Solution status: Fixed by vendor
Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.4, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3
First fixed revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.5, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.4
Discovery date: 2026-03-29
Solution date: 2026-05-05
Disclosure date: 2026-05-05
Researcher credits: caprinuxx@yeswehack
CVE: CVE-2026-27851
CVSS: 7.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)
Details:
lib-var-expand: Safe filter leaks to all following pipelines. When safe filter is used
with variable expansion, all following pipelines on the same string are incorrectly
interpreted as safe too, enabling unsafe data to be unescaped.
Risk:
This can enable SQL / LDAP injection attacks when used in authentication. No publicly
available exploits are known.
Solution:
Avoid using safe filter until on fixed version.
---
Internal reference: DOV-8948
Type: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption)
Component: core
Report confidence: Confirmed
Solution status: Fixed by vendor
Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0
First fixed revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.5, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.4
Discovery date: 2026-03-24
Solution date: 2026-05-05
Disclosure date: 2026-05-05
Researcher credits: djvirus@yeswehack
CVE: CVE-2026-40016
CVSS: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Details:
Sieve :contains/:matches O(N×M) Substring Match Bypasses sieve_max_cpu_time Limit (130×
Overrun). Attacker can upload a malicious Sieve script over ManageSieve service (or
locally) to bypass configured CPU time limits for Sieve up to 130 times of the
configured limit.
Risk:
Attacker can use this to degrade server performance and bypass configured CPU time
limits for Sieve scripts. No publicly available exploits are known.
Solution:
Install fixed version, or alternatively prevent direct access to Sieve scripts via
ManageSieve or local access.
---
Internal reference: DOV-9030
Type: CWE-99 (Improper Control of Resource Identifiers ('Resource Injection'))
Component: core
Report confidence: Confirmed
Solution status: Fixed by vendor
Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.0, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0
First fixed revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.5, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.4
Discovery date: 2026-04-08
Solution date: 2026-05-05
Disclosure date: 2026-05-05
Researcher credits: ylwango613@yeswehack
CVE: CVE-2026-33603
CVSS: 6.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)
Details:
login: Base64 input can contain tabs that bypass IPC protection. Attacker can use a
specially crafted base64 exchange between Dovecot and Client to fake SCRAM TLS channel
binding. This requires that the attacker is able to position itself between Dovecot and
the client connection.
Risk:
If successful, the attacker can eavesdrop communications between Dovecot and client as
MITM proxy. No publicly available exploits are known.
Solution:
Install fixed version.
---
Internal reference: DOV-9040
Type: CWE-284 (Improper Access Control)
Component: core
Report confidence: Confirmed
Solution status: Fixed by vendor
Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0
First fixed revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.5, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.4
Discovery date: 2026-04-08
Solution date: 2026-05-05
Disclosure date: 2026-05-05
Researcher credits: ilhamaf@yeswehack
CVE: CVE-2026-40020
CVSS: 3.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)
Details:
IMAP folders can be shared-spammed to everyone. Attacker can use the IMAP SETACL command
to inject the anyone permission to user's dovecot-acl file even if
imap_acl_allow_anyone=no. This causes folders to be spammed to all users.
Risk:
The impact is limited to being able to spam folders to other users, no unexpected access
is gained. No publicly available exploits are known.
Solution:
Install to fixed version.
---
Internal reference: DOV-9138
Type: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption)
Component: core
Report confidence: Confirmed
Solution status: Fixed by vendor
Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.0.5, OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.4, OX Dovecot
CE core 2.4.3
First fixed revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 3.1.5, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.4
Discovery date: 2026-04-27
Solution date: 2026-05-05
Disclosure date: 2026-05-05
Researcher credits: D4RKCYPH3R@yeswehack
CVE: CVE-2026-42006
CVSS: 4.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L)
Details:
imap-login: Excessive memory usage DoS - Try 2. An attacker can cause uncontrolled
memory usage with excessive bracing over IMAP. The fix in CVE-2026-27857 was incomplete,
only blocking one way of doing this, so there was still another way left open. In
particular, the fix was for closing braces, but you could still use open braces to
bypass the limit.
Risk:
Using excessive bracing, attacker can cause memory usage up to configured memory limit.
No publicly available exploits are known.
Solution:
Install fixed version, or configure vsz_limit for imap process to low value.
comment:4 by , 4 months ago
| Owner: | changed from to |
|---|---|
| Status: | assigned → new |
I'm going to reassign these to the book for now so whoever wants to do them can do them.
In the meantime I will continue working on rivendell, but I do not want to continue holding the project back on important issues.
comment:5 by , 4 months ago
| Owner: | changed from to |
|---|---|
| Status: | new → assigned |
comment:6 by , 4 months ago
| Owner: | changed from to |
|---|---|
| Status: | assigned → new |
Fixed at 5189515c733c49b57a6dfb6b657dbd0feec4b5bd
Reassigning to SecurityAdvisory for an advisory to be filed.
Note:
See TracTickets
for help on using tickets.

Vulnerability details were posted to oss-security at https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2026/q1/395 :
Internal reference: DOV-8349 Type: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2025-11-04 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 CVE: CVE-2025-59028 CVSS: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) Details: Invalid base64 authentication can cause DoS for other logins. When sending invalid base64 SASL data, login process is disconnected from the auth server, causing all active authentication sessions to fail. Risk: Invalid BASE64 data can be used to DoS a vulnerable server to break concurrent logins. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Install fixed version or disable concurrency in login processes (heavy perfomance penalty on large deployments). --- Internal reference: DOV-8508 Type: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2025-11-29 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 CVE: CVE-2025-59032 CVSS: 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) Details: v2.4/v3.1 regression: Pigeonhole: ManageSieve panic occurs with sieve-connect as a client. ManageSieve AUTHENTICATE command crashes when using literal as SASL initial response. Risk: This can be used to crash ManageSieve service repeatedly, making it unavailable for other users. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Control access to ManageSieve port, or disable the service if it's not needed. Alternatively upgrade to a fixed version. --- Internal reference: DOV-8584 Type: CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2025-12-29 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: cavid@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2025-59031 CVSS: 4.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) Details: decode2text.sh OOXML extraction may follow symlinks and read unintended files during indexing. Dovecot has provided a script to use for attachment to text conversion. This script unsafely handles zip-style attachments. Risk: Attacker can use specially crafted OOXML documents to cause unintended files on the system to be indexed and subsequently ending up in FTS indexes. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Do not use the provided script, instead, use something else like FTS tika. --- Internal reference: DOV-8591 Type: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 Discovery date: 2026-01-07 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: strokep@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-0394 CVSS: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) Details: auth: Path traversal in passwd-file passdb using `%d` (domain) escapes base directory and opens `/etc/passwd` Pre-auth path traversal in passwd-file passdb using `%d` (domain) escapes base directory and opens `/etc/passwd`. When dovecot has been configured to use per-domain passwd files, and they are placed one path component above /etc, or slash has been added to allowed characters, path traversal can happen if the domain component is directory partial. Risk: This allows inadvertently reading /etc/passwd (or some other path which ends with passwd). If this file contains passwords, it can be used to authenticate wrongly, or if this is userdb, it can unexpectly make system users appear valid users. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Upgrade to fixed version, or use different authentication scheme that does not rely on paths. Alternatively you can also ensure that the per-domain passwd files are in some other location, such as /etc/dovecot/auth/%d. --- Internal reference: DOV-8775 Type: CWE-90 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-02-20 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: cookiejack15@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27860 CVSS: 3.7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) Details: v2.4/v3.1 regression: auth-ldap is not escaping usernames. If auth_username_chars is empty, it is possible to inject arbitrary LDAP filter to Dovecot's LDAP authentication. Risk: This leads to potentially bypassing restrictions and allows probing of LDAP structure. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Do not clear out auth_username_chars, or install fixed version. --- Internal reference: DOV-8781 Type: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-02-23 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: whisperer@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-24031 CVSS: 7.7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L) Details: v2.4/v3.1 regression: SQL injection allows bypassing authentication. Dovecot SQL based authentication can be bypassed when auth_username_chars is cleared by admin. Risk: This vulnerability allows bypassing authentication for any user and user enumeration. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Do not clear auth_username_chars. If this is not possible, install latest fixed version. --- Internal reference: DOV-8787 Type: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-02-24 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: djvirus@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27859 CVSS: 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) Details: v3.0.2+ regression: Message headers MIME parameter parsing can cause excessive CPU usage. A mail message containing excessive amount of RFC 2231 MIME parameters causes LMTP to use too much CPU. Risk: A suitably formatted mail message causes mail delivery process to consume large amounts of CPU time. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Use MTA capabilities to limit RFC 2231 MIME parameters in mail messages, or upgrade to fixed version where the processing is limited. --- Internal reference: DOV-8816 Type: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-02-27 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: whisperer@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27857 CVSS: 4.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) Details: imap-login: Excessive memory usage DoS. Sending "NOOP (((...)))" command with 4000 parenthesis open+close results in ~1MB extra memory usage. Longer commands will result in client disconnection. This 1 MB can be left allocated for longer time periods by not sending the command ending LF. So attacker could connect possibly from even a single IP and create 1000 connections to allocate 1 GB of memory, which would likely result in reaching VSZ limit and killing the process and its other proxied connections. Risk: Attacker could connect possibly from even a single IP and create 1000 connections to allocate 1 GB of memory, which would likely result in reaching VSZ limit and killing the process and its other proxied connections. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Install fixed version, there is no other remediation. --- Internal reference: DOV-8818 Type: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0, OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-02-28 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: ilyar@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27858 CVSS: 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) Details: managesieve-login out-of-memory DoS. Attacker can send a specifically crafted message before authentication that causes managesieve to allocate large amount of memory. Risk: Attacker can force managesieve-login to be unavailable by repeatedly crashing the process. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Protect access to managesieve protocol, or install fixed version. --- Internal reference: DOV-8830 Type: CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-03-04 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: bksparajuli@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27856 CVSS: 7.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) Details: doveadm: Credentials verified without timing safety. Doveadm credentials are verified using direct comparison which is susceptible to timing oracle attack. An attacker can use this to determine the configured credentials. Risk: Figuring out the credential will lead into full access to the affected component. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: Limit access to the doveadm http service port, install fixed version. --- Internal reference: DOV-8859 Type: CWE-294 (Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay) Component: core Report confidence: Confirmed Solution status: Fixed by vendor Last affected revision: OX Dovecot Pro core 2.3.0 First fixed revision: OX Dovecot CE core 2.4.3 Discovery date: 2026-03-09 Solution date: 2026-03-27 Disclosure date: 2026-03-27 Researcher credits: hamizanazman@yeswehack CVE: CVE-2026-27855 CVSS: 6.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) Details: auth: OTP driver vulnerable to replay attack. Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. Risk: An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. No publicly available exploits are known. Solution: If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM.