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Last change on this file since 5818041 was 5818041, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 3 months ago
Package updates. Update to vim-9.1.0478. Update to iana-etc-20240607. Update to systemd-256. Update to python3-3.12.4. Update to perl-5.40.0. Update to openssl-3.3.1 (Security fix). Update to linux-6.9.4. Update to findutils-4.10.0.
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[7152faa]	1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
[f896e21c]	2	<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
	3	"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
	4	<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
	5	%general-entities;
	6	]>
	7
[35a5259]	8	<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
[cba2d4e]	9	<?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
[f896e21c]	10
	11	<sect1info condition="script">
[cba2d4e]	12	<productname>systemd</productname>
[f896e21c]	13	<productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
	14	<address>&systemd-url;</address>
	15	</sect1info>
	16
[cba2d4e]	17	<title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
[f896e21c]	18
[cba2d4e]	19	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
[1118b17]	20	<primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
[f896e21c]	21	</indexterm>
	22
	23	<sect2 role="package">
	24	<title/>
	25
[1118b17]	26	<para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
[cba2d4e]	27	running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
[f896e21c]	28
	29	<segmentedlist>
	30	<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
	31	<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
	32
	33	<seglistitem>
[fb386e0]	34	<seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
	35	<seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
[f896e21c]	36	</seglistitem>
	37	</segmentedlist>
	38	</sect2>
	39
	40	<sect2 role="installation">
[1118b17]	41	<title>Installation of systemd</title>
[70dcd88]	42
[87119fd]	43	<para>Remove two unneeded groups,
	44	<systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
	45	<systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
[896e77e]	46	rules:</para>
	47
[1f201845]	48	<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
[96fa6f2]	49	-e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
[5818041]	50	<!--
[6acfe2e]	51	<para>Next, fix compatibility with linux-6.9 and later:</para>
	52
	53	<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/DEVMEM_MAGIC 0/{n;n;a \
	54	/* cb12fd8e0dabb9a1c8aef55a6a41e2c255fcdf4b (6.8) */
	55	#ifndef PID_FS_MAGIC \
	56	#define PID_FS_MAGIC 0x50494446 \
	57	#endif
	58	}' src/basic/missing_magic.h
	59
	60	sed -i '/OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC/a \
	61	pidfs, {PID_FS_MAGIC}' src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf</userinput></screen>
[5818041]	62	-->
[8b4fb12]	63	<!-- https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/30549 -->
[5818041]	64	<!--
[8b4fb12]	65	<para>Now fix a security vulnerability in the DNSSEC verification of
[fe99d50]	66	<command>systemd-resolved</command> and a bug breaking running
	67	<command>systemd-analyze verify</command> on an instantiated systemd
	68	unit:</para>
[8b4fb12]	69
[fe99d50]	70	<screen><userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
[5818041]	71	-->
[1118b17]	72	<para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
	73
[c556e59]	74	<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
[04b2165]	75	cd build
[fc199db]	76
[740ee46]	77	meson setup \
	78	--prefix=/usr \
[c349b4a]	79	--buildtype=release \
[0f703541]	80	-Ddefault-dnssec=no \
	81	-Dfirstboot=false \
	82	-Dinstall-tests=false \
	83	-Dldconfig=false \
	84	-Dsysusers=false \
	85	-Drpmmacrosdir=no \
[9afac64]	86	-Dhomed=disabled \
[0f703541]	87	-Duserdb=false \
[33c9cb0]	88	-Dman=disabled \
[22009fb]	89	-Dmode=release \
[77e340bc]	90	-Dpamconfdir=no \
[dfde664]	91	-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
[3864d23]	92	-Dnobody-group=nogroup \
[73805590]	93	-Dsysupdate=disabled \
[9afac64]	94	-Dukify=disabled \
[1446892]	95	-Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
[fc199db]	96	..</userinput></screen>
[cba2d4e]	97
	98	<variablelist>
[81ed05f]	99	<title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
[cba2d4e]	100
[06cdaed]	101	<varlistentry>
	102	<term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
	103	<listitem>
	104	<para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
[69854d2a]	105	(<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
[06cdaed]	106	binaries.</para>
	107	</listitem>
	108	</varlistentry>
	109
[cba2d4e]	110	<varlistentry>
[81ed05f]	111	<term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
[cba2d4e]	112	<listitem>
[81ed05f]	113	<para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
[cba2d4e]	114	</listitem>
	115	</varlistentry>
	116
	117	<varlistentry>
[81ed05f]	118	<term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
[cba2d4e]	119	<listitem>
[81ed05f]	120	<para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
	121	services responsible for setting up the system for
[69854d2a]	122	the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
[81ed05f]	123	everything is done manually.</para>
[cba2d4e]	124	</listitem>
	125	</varlistentry>
	126
[e88a471b]	127	<varlistentry>
	128	<term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
	129	<listitem>
	130	<para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
	131	</listitem>
	132	</varlistentry>
	133
[cba2d4e]	134	<varlistentry>
[0d84af1]	135	<term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
[cba2d4e]	136	<listitem>
[0d84af1]	137	<para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
[69854d2a]	138	<command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
	139	distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
	140	this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
[cba2d4e]	141	</listitem>
	142	</varlistentry>
	143
[1118b17]	144	<varlistentry>
[81ed05f]	145	<term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
[1118b17]	146	<listitem>
	147	<para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
	148	services responsible for setting up the
	149	<filename>/etc/group</filename> and
	150	<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
[f09dd59]	151	were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
[0a75d62]	152	on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
[cba2d4e]	153	</listitem>
	154	</varlistentry>
	155
[c556e59]	156	<varlistentry>
	157	<term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
	158	<listitem>
	159	<para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
[69854d2a]	160	for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
[c556e59]	161	</listitem>
	162	</varlistentry>
[c06f49a]	163
	164	<varlistentry>
[9afac64]	165	<term><parameter>-Dhomed=disabled</parameter> and
	166	<parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter></term>
[c06f49a]	167	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	168	<para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
	169	within the scope of LFS.</para>
[c06f49a]	170	</listitem>
	171	</varlistentry>
	172
[35e0479]	173	<varlistentry>
[56eed6c]	174	<term><parameter>-Dman=disabled</parameter></term>
[35e0479]	175	<listitem>
	176	<para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
	177	dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
[69854d2a]	178	from a tarball.</para>
[35e0479]	179	</listitem>
	180	</varlistentry>
	181
[fe42b2f]	182	<varlistentry>
	183	<term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
	184	<listitem>
	185	<para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
	186	</para>
	187	</listitem>
	188	</varlistentry>
	189
[77e340bc]	190	<varlistentry>
	191	<term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
	192	<listitem>
	193	<para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
	194	functional on LFS.</para>
	195	</listitem>
	196	</varlistentry>
[dfde664]	197
	198	<varlistentry>
	199	<term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
	200	<listitem>
	201	<para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
	202	<filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
	203	consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
	204	</listitem>
[3864d23]	205	</varlistentry>
	206
	207	<varlistentry>
	208	<term><parameter>-Dnobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
	209	<listitem>
[ffecb9e]	210	<para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
	211	<systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
[3864d23]	212	</listitem>
[dfde664]	213	</varlistentry>
[9afac64]	214
[73805590]	215	<varlistentry>
	216	<term><parameter>-Dsysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
	217	<listitem>
	218	<para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
	219	tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
	220	so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
	221	And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
	222	configured.</para>
	223	</listitem>
	224	</varlistentry>
	225
[9afac64]	226	<varlistentry>
	227	<term><parameter>-Dukify=disabled</parameter></term>
	228	<listitem>
	229	<para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
	230	At runtime this script requires the
	231	<application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
	232	nor BLFS provides.</para>
	233	</listitem>
	234	</varlistentry>
	235
[cba2d4e]	236	</variablelist>
	237
	238	<para>Compile the package:</para>
	239
[69c4524]	240	<screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
[f896e21c]	241
[1e7341fd]	242	<para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
	243	To test the results, issue:</para>
	244
	245	<screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' > /etc/os-release
	246	ninja test</userinput></screen>
	247
	248	<!-- This test needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
	249	after initializing the system with systemd. -->
	250	<para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
[5818041]	251	is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Two other tests,
	252	<literal>test-chase</literal> and <literal>test-systemd-tmpfiles</literal>,
	253	are also known to fail. Some other tests may fail because they depend
	254	on various kernel configuration options.</para>
[1e7341fd]	255
[f896e21c]	256	<para>Install the package:</para>
	257
[69c4524]	258	<screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
[cba2d4e]	259
[35e0479]	260	<para>Install the man pages:</para>
[c556e59]	261
[b4008bb]	262	<!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
	263	component in the path. -->
[57f1678]	264	<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
	265	--no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
	266	-C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
[c556e59]	267
[cba2d4e]	268	<para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
[1118b17]	269	<command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
[053b206]	270
[15f0f21]	271	<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
[cba2d4e]	272
[69854d2a]	273	<para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
[8a0d39ee]	274
	275	<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
[777b5cb]	276
[a815ec7]	277	<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
	278	If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
	279	<!--
[777b5cb]	280	<para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
	281	some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
[d672ab7]	282
[c06f49a]	283	<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
[a815ec7]	284	-->
[777b5cb]	285
[f896e21c]	286	</sect2>
	287
[cba2d4e]	288	<sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
[1118b17]	289	<title>Contents of systemd</title>
[f896e21c]	290
	291	<segmentedlist>
	292	<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
	293	<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
	294	<segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
	295
	296	<seglistitem>
[662f649]	297	<seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
[78cc3be]	298	hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
[c2ccad1]	299	machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
	300	oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
[78cc3be]	301	systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
	302	resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
[2efe1e8]	303	(symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
[1118b17]	304	systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
[c2ccad1]	305	systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
	306	systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
[d7a9421]	307	systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
	308	systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
[78cc3be]	309	systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
[c06f49a]	310	systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
[d7a9421]	311	systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
	312	systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
	313	systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
	314	telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
[1118b17]	315	<seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
[78cc3be]	316	libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
[d7a9421]	317	libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
[a840e59]	318	and libudev.so</seg>
[59d90df]	319	<seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
[cba2d4e]	320	/etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
[d7a9421]	321	/etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
[d672ab7]	322	/usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
	323	/usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
[2ca70d33]	324	/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
[1118b17]	325	/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
	326	/usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
[f896e21c]	327	</seglistitem>
	328	</segmentedlist>
	329
	330	<variablelist>
	331	<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
	332	<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
	333	<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
	334
[cba2d4e]	335	<varlistentry id="busctl">
	336	<term><command>busctl</command></term>
	337	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	338	<para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
[cba2d4e]	339	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
	340	<primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
	341	</indexterm>
	342	</listitem>
	343	</varlistentry>
	344
[1118b17]	345	<varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
	346	<term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
	347	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	348	<para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
[1118b17]	349	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
	350	<primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
	351	</indexterm>
	352	</listitem>
	353	</varlistentry>
	354
[cba2d4e]	355	<varlistentry id="halt">
	356	<term><command>halt</command></term>
	357	<listitem>
	358	<para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
	359	<parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
[69854d2a]	360	when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
[cba2d4e]	361	file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
[1118b17]	362	brought down</para>
[cba2d4e]	363	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
	364	<primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
	365	</indexterm>
	366	</listitem>
	367	</varlistentry>
	368
	369	<varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
	370	<term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
	371	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	372	<para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
[1118b17]	373	settings</para>
[cba2d4e]	374	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
	375	<primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
	376	</indexterm>
	377	</listitem>
	378	</varlistentry>
	379
	380	<varlistentry id="init">
	381	<term><command>init</command></term>
	382	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	383	<para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
	384	the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
	385	processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
[8d35535]	386	systemd</para>
[cba2d4e]	387	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
	388	<primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
	389	</indexterm>
	390	</listitem>
	391	</varlistentry>
	392
	393	<varlistentry id="journalctl">
	394	<term><command>journalctl</command></term>
	395	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	396	<para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
[cba2d4e]	397	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
	398	<primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
	399	</indexterm>
	400	</listitem>
	401	</varlistentry>
	402
	403	<varlistentry id="kernel-install">
	404	<term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
	405	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	406	<para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
[69854d2a]	407	from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
[cba2d4e]	408	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
	409	<primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
	410	</indexterm>
	411	</listitem>
	412	</varlistentry>
	413
	414	<varlistentry id="localectl">
	415	<term><command>localectl</command></term>
	416	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	417	<para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
[1118b17]	418	settings</para>
[cba2d4e]	419	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
	420	<primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
	421	</indexterm>
	422	</listitem>
	423	</varlistentry>
	424
	425	<varlistentry id="loginctl">
	426	<term><command>loginctl</command></term>
	427	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	428	<para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
[1118b17]	429	Manager</para>
[cba2d4e]	430	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
	431	<primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
	432	</indexterm>
	433	</listitem>
	434	</varlistentry>
	435
	436	<varlistentry id="machinectl">
	437	<term><command>machinectl</command></term>
	438	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	439	<para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
[cba2d4e]	440	Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
	441	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
	442	<primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
	443	</indexterm>
	444	</listitem>
	445	</varlistentry>
	446
[1118b17]	447	<varlistentry id="networkctl">
	448	<term><command>networkctl</command></term>
	449	<listitem>
[d672ab7]	450	<para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
[9e7475a]	451	links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
[1118b17]	452	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
	453	<primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
	454	</indexterm>
	455	</listitem>
	456	</varlistentry>
	457
[d7a9421]	458	<varlistentry id="oomctl">
	459	<term><command>oomctl</command></term>
	460	<listitem>
	461	<para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
	462	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
	463	<primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
	464	</indexterm>
	465	</listitem>
	466	</varlistentry>
	467
[78cc3be]	468	<varlistentry id="portablectl">
	469	<term><command>portablectl</command></term>
	470	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	471	<para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
[78cc3be]	472	system</para>
	473	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
	474	<primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
	475	</indexterm>
	476	</listitem>
	477	</varlistentry>
	478
[cba2d4e]	479	<varlistentry id="poweroff">
	480	<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
	481	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	482	<para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
[1118b17]	483	(see <command>halt</command>)</para>
[cba2d4e]	484	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
	485	<primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
	486	</indexterm>
	487	</listitem>
	488	</varlistentry>
	489
	490	<varlistentry id="reboot">
	491	<term><command>reboot</command></term>
[f896e21c]	492	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	493	<para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
[1118b17]	494	<command>halt</command>)</para>
[cba2d4e]	495	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
	496	<primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
[f896e21c]	497	</indexterm>
	498	</listitem>
	499	</varlistentry>
	500
[78cc3be]	501	<varlistentry id="resolvconf">
	502	<term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
	503	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	504	<para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
[93058448]	505	<command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
[78cc3be]	506	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
	507	<primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
	508	</indexterm>
	509	</listitem>
	510	</varlistentry>
	511
	512	<varlistentry id="resolvectl">
	513	<term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
	514	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	515	<para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
	516	manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
[8d35535]	517	DNS records, and services</para>
[78cc3be]	518	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
	519	<primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
	520	</indexterm>
	521	</listitem>
	522	</varlistentry>
	523
[cba2d4e]	524	<varlistentry id="runlevel">
	525	<term><command>runlevel</command></term>
[f896e21c]	526	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	527	<para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
[02776dff]	528	last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
[cba2d4e]	529	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
	530	<primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
[f896e21c]	531	</indexterm>
	532	</listitem>
	533	</varlistentry>
	534
[cba2d4e]	535	<varlistentry id="shutdown">
	536	<term><command>shutdown</command></term>
[f896e21c]	537	<listitem>
[d672ab7]	538	<para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
[9e7475a]	539	all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
[cba2d4e]	540	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
	541	<primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
[f896e21c]	542	</indexterm>
	543	</listitem>
	544	</varlistentry>
	545
[cba2d4e]	546	<varlistentry id="systemctl">
	547	<term><command>systemctl</command></term>
[f896e21c]	548	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	549	<para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
[1118b17]	550	and service manager</para>
[cba2d4e]	551	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
	552	<primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
	553	</indexterm>
	554	</listitem>
	555	</varlistentry>
	556
[2efe1e8]	557	<varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
	558	<term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
	559	<listitem>
	560	<para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
	561	power source.</para>
	562	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
	563	<primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
	564	</indexterm>
	565	</listitem>
	566	</varlistentry>
	567
[cba2d4e]	568	<varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
	569	<term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
	570	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	571	<para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
	572	as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
[cba2d4e]	573	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
	574	<primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
	575	</indexterm>
	576	</listitem>
	577	</varlistentry>
	578
	579	<varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
	580	<term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
	581	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	582	<para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
[69854d2a]	583	using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
[cba2d4e]	584	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
	585	<primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
	586	</indexterm>
	587	</listitem>
	588	</varlistentry>
	589
	590	<varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
	591	<term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
	592	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	593	<para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
[8d35535]	594	with the systemd journal
[cba2d4e]	595	</para>
	596	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
	597	<primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
	598	</indexterm>
	599	</listitem>
	600	</varlistentry>
	601
	602	<varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
	603	<term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
	604	<listitem>
[1118b17]	605	<para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
	606	group hierarchy in a tree</para>
[cba2d4e]	607	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
	608	<primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
	609	</indexterm>
	610	</listitem>
	611	</varlistentry>
	612
	613	<varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
	614	<term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
	615	<listitem>
[1118b17]	616	<para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
[69854d2a]	617	hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
[cba2d4e]	618	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
	619	<primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
	620	</indexterm>
	621	</listitem>
	622	</varlistentry>
	623
[662f649]	624	<varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
	625	<term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
[d7a9421]	626	<listitem>
[9f0a642]	627	<para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
[662f649]	628	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
	629	<primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
[d7a9421]	630	</indexterm>
	631	</listitem>
	632	</varlistentry>
	633
[cba2d4e]	634	<varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
	635	<term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
	636	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	637	<para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
[69854d2a]	638	<filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
	639	in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
[cba2d4e]	640	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
	641	<primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
	642	</indexterm>
	643	</listitem>
	644	</varlistentry>
	645
	646	<varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
	647	<term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
	648	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	649	<para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
[8d35535]	650	environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
[cba2d4e]	651	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
	652	<primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
	653	</indexterm>
	654	</listitem>
	655	</varlistentry>
	656
[22009fb]	657	<varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
	658	<term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
	659	<listitem>
[8d35535]	660	<para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
[22009fb]	661	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
	662	<primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
	663	</indexterm>
	664	</listitem>
	665	</varlistentry>
	666
[1118b17]	667	<varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
	668	<term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
	669	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	670	<para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
[1118b17]	671	names</para>
	672	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
	673	<primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
	674	</indexterm>
	675	</listitem>
	676	</varlistentry>
	677
	678	<varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
	679	<term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
	680	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	681	<para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
[1118b17]	682	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
	683	<primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
	684	</indexterm>
	685	</listitem>
	686	</varlistentry>
	687
[78cc3be]	688	<varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
	689	<term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
	690	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	691	<para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
[78cc3be]	692	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
	693	<primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
	694	</indexterm>
	695	</listitem>
	696	</varlistentry>
	697
[cba2d4e]	698	<varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
	699	<term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
	700	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	701	<para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
	702	inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
[8d35535]	703	until the process is completed</para>
[cba2d4e]	704	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
	705	<primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
	706	</indexterm>
	707	</listitem>
	708	</varlistentry>
	709
	710	<varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
	711	<term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
	712	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	713	<para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
[1118b17]	714	stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
	715	randomly generated ID</para>
[cba2d4e]	716	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
	717	<primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
	718	</indexterm>
	719	</listitem>
	720	</varlistentry>
	721
[13c8b42]	722	<varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
	723	<term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
	724	<listitem>
[8d35535]	725	<para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
[13c8b42]	726	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
	727	<primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
	728	</indexterm>
	729	</listitem>
	730	</varlistentry>
	731
[cba2d4e]	732	<varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
	733	<term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
	734	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	735	<para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
[1118b17]	736	changes</para>
[cba2d4e]	737	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
	738	<primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
	739	</indexterm>
	740	</listitem>
	741	</varlistentry>
	742
	743	<varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
	744	<term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
	745	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	746	<para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
[1118b17]	747	container</para>
[cba2d4e]	748	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
	749	<primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
	750	</indexterm>
	751	</listitem>
	752	</varlistentry>
	753
[1118b17]	754	<varlistentry id="systemd-path">
	755	<term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
	756	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	757	<para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
[1118b17]	758	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
	759	<primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
	760	</indexterm>
	761	</listitem>
	762	</varlistentry>
	763
[c06f49a]	764	<varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
	765	<term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
	766	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	767	<para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
[69854d2a]	768	systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
[c06f49a]	769	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
	770	<primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
	771	</indexterm>
	772	</listitem>
	773	</varlistentry>
	774
[1118b17]	775	<varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
	776	<term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
	777	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	778	<para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
[1118b17]	779	resource records, and services</para>
	780	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
	781	<primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
	782	</indexterm>
	783	</listitem>
	784	</varlistentry>
	785
[cba2d4e]	786	<varlistentry id="systemd-run">
	787	<term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
	788	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	789	<para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
[69854d2a]	790	unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
[8d35535]	791	validating systemd units</para>
[cba2d4e]	792	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
	793	<primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
	794	</indexterm>
	795	</listitem>
	796	</varlistentry>
	797
[13c8b42]	798	<varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
	799	<term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
	800	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	801	<para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
[8d35535]	802	a successful connection to the socket</para>
[13c8b42]	803	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
	804	<primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
	805	</indexterm>
	806	</listitem>
	807	</varlistentry>
	808
[d7a9421]	809	<varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
	810	<term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
	811	<listitem>
[871fd2f]	812	<para>Activates system extension images</para>
[d7a9421]	813	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
	814	<primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
	815	</indexterm>
	816	</listitem>
	817	</varlistentry>
	818
[cba2d4e]	819	<varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
	820	<term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
	821	<listitem>
[69854d2a]	822	<para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
[1118b17]	823	directories, based on the configuration file format and location
	824	specified in
	825	<filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
[cba2d4e]	826	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
	827	<primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
	828	</indexterm>
	829	</listitem>
	830	</varlistentry>
	831
[78cc3be]	832	<varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
	833	<term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
	834	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	835	<para>Unmounts mount points</para>
[78cc3be]	836	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
	837	<primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
	838	</indexterm>
	839	</listitem>
	840	</varlistentry>
	841
[cba2d4e]	842	<varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
	843	<term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
	844	<listitem>
[d672ab7]	845	<para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
[9e7475a]	846	requests</para>
[cba2d4e]	847	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
	848	<primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
	849	</indexterm>
	850	</listitem>
	851	</varlistentry>
	852
	853	<varlistentry id="telinit">
	854	<term><command>telinit</command></term>
	855	<listitem>
[1118b17]	856	<para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
	857	to</para>
[cba2d4e]	858	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
	859	<primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
	860	</indexterm>
	861	</listitem>
	862	</varlistentry>
	863
	864	<varlistentry id="timedatectl">
	865	<term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
	866	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	867	<para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
[cba2d4e]	868	</para>
	869	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
	870	<primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
[f896e21c]	871	</indexterm>
	872	</listitem>
	873	</varlistentry>
	874
	875	<varlistentry id="udevadm">
	876	<term><command>udevadm</command></term>
	877	<listitem>
[d672ab7]	878	<para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
[69854d2a]	879	daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
[d672ab7]	880	uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
[9e7475a]	881	triggers uevents for a given device</para>
[cba2d4e]	882	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
[f896e21c]	883	<primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
	884	</indexterm>
	885	</listitem>
	886	</varlistentry>
	887
[cba2d4e]	888	<varlistentry id="libsystemd">
	889	<term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
[f896e21c]	890	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	891	<para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
[cba2d4e]	892	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
	893	<primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
[f896e21c]	894	</indexterm>
	895	</listitem>
	896	</varlistentry>
	897
	898	<varlistentry id="libudev">
	899	<term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
	900	<listitem>
[9e7475a]	901	<para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
[cba2d4e]	902	<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
[f896e21c]	903	<primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
	904	</indexterm>
	905	</listitem>
	906	</varlistentry>
	907
	908	</variablelist>
	909
	910	</sect2>
	911
	912	</sect1>

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