Changeset 2ca8941


Ignore:
Timestamp:
02/11/2013 08:09:22 PM (11 years ago)
Author:
Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.0-rc1, 10.1, 10.1-rc1, 11.0, 11.0-rc1, 11.0-rc2, 11.0-rc3, 11.1, 11.1-rc1, 11.2, 11.2-rc1, 11.3, 11.3-rc1, 12.0, 12.0-rc1, 12.1, 12.1-rc1, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, arm, bdubbs/gcc13, ml-11.0, multilib, renodr/libudev-from-systemd, s6-init, trunk, xry111/arm64, xry111/arm64-12.0, xry111/clfs-ng, xry111/lfs-next, xry111/loongarch, xry111/loongarch-12.0, xry111/loongarch-12.1, xry111/mips64el, xry111/pip3, xry111/rust-wip-20221008, xry111/update-glibc
Children:
c1ec480
Parents:
c0220ed
Message:

Remove trailing whitespace from all files.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10121 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

Files:
56 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • appendices/acknowledgments.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3131    <listitem>
    3232      <para><ulink url="mailto:bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org">Bruce
    33       Dubbs</ulink> &lt;bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS Release 
     33      Dubbs</ulink> &lt;bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS Release
    3434      Manager, LFS Technical Writer/Editor</para>
    3535    </listitem>
    … …  
    147147
    148148    <listitem>
    149       <para><ulink url="mailto:lfalcon@thymbra.com">Luis Falcon</ulink> 
     149      <para><ulink url="mailto:lfalcon@thymbra.com">Luis Falcon</ulink>
    150150      &lt;Luis Falcon&gt; &ndash; torredehanoi.org mirror</para>
    151151    </listitem>
    … …  
    235235
    236236    <listitem>
    237       <para><ulink url="mailto:info@shizu-net.jp">Shizunet Co.,Ltd.</ulink> 
     237      <para><ulink url="mailto:info@shizu-net.jp">Shizunet Co.,Ltd.</ulink>
    238238      &lt;info@shizu-net.jp&gt; &ndash; lfs.mirror.shizu-net.jp mirror</para>
    239239    </listitem>
    240240
    241241    <listitem>
    242       <para><ulink url="http://www.initworld.com/">Init World</ulink> 
     242      <para><ulink url="http://www.initworld.com/">Init World</ulink>
    243243      &lt;http://www.initworld.com/&gt; &ndash; lfs.initworld.com mirror</para>
    244244    </listitem>
    … …  
    345345      <para><ulink url="mailto:alexander@linuxfromscratch.org">Alexander
    346346      E. Patrakov</ulink> &lt;alexander@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS
    347       Technical Writer, LFS Internationalization Editor, 
     347      Technical Writer, LFS Internationalization Editor,
    348348      LFS Live CD Maintainer</para>
    349349    </listitem>

  • appendices/dependencies.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3030  being placed inside scripts installed to the final system. This is obviously
    3131  not desirable.</para>
    32  
     32
    3333  <para>The last list of dependencies are optional packages that are not
    3434  addressed in LFS, but could be useful to the user.  These packages may have
    … …  
    838838
    839839        <seglistitem>
    840          <seg>Bash, Binutils, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, 
     840         <seg>Bash, Binutils, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc,
    841841         Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Texinfo, and Xz</seg>
    842842        </seglistitem>
    … …  
    15561556
    15571557        <seglistitem>
    1558          <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, 
     1558         <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make,
    15591559         Popt, and Sed</seg>
    15601560        </seglistitem>

  • appendices/scripts.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    33  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
    44  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
    5   <!ENTITY checkfs            SYSTEM "checkfs.script"> 
    6   <!ENTITY cleanfs            SYSTEM "cleanfs.script"> 
    7   <!ENTITY console            SYSTEM "console.script"> 
    8   <!ENTITY functions          SYSTEM "functions.script"> 
    9   <!ENTITY halt               SYSTEM "halt.script"> 
    10   <!ENTITY initfunctions      SYSTEM "init-functions.script"> 
    11   <!ENTITY localnet           SYSTEM "localnet.script"> 
    12   <!ENTITY modules            SYSTEM "modules.script"> 
    13   <!ENTITY mountfs            SYSTEM "mountfs.script"> 
    14   <!ENTITY mountvirtfs        SYSTEM "mountvirtfs.script"> 
    15   <!ENTITY network            SYSTEM "network.script"> 
    16   <!ENTITY rc                 SYSTEM "rc.script"> 
    17   <!ENTITY reboot             SYSTEM "reboot.script"> 
    18   <!ENTITY sendsignals        SYSTEM "sendsignals.script"> 
    19   <!ENTITY setclock           SYSTEM "setclock.script"> 
    20   <!ENTITY swap               SYSTEM "swap.script"> 
    21   <!ENTITY sysctl             SYSTEM "sysctl.script"> 
    22   <!ENTITY sysklogd           SYSTEM "sysklogd.script"> 
    23   <!ENTITY template           SYSTEM "template.script"> 
    24   <!ENTITY udev               SYSTEM "udev.script"> 
    25   <!ENTITY udev_retry         SYSTEM "udev_retry.script"> 
    26   <!ENTITY createfiles        SYSTEM "createfiles.script"> 
    27   <!ENTITY modules_sys        SYSTEM "modules-sysinit.script"> 
    28   <!ENTITY cfg_udev_retry     SYSTEM "config-udev-retry.script"> 
    29   <!ENTITY ifup               SYSTEM "ifup.script"> 
    30   <!ENTITY ifdown             SYSTEM "ifdown.script"> 
    31   <!ENTITY ipv4_static        SYSTEM "ipv4-static.script"> 
    32   <!ENTITY ipv4_static_route  SYSTEM "ipv4-static-route.script"> 
     5  <!ENTITY checkfs            SYSTEM "checkfs.script">
     6  <!ENTITY cleanfs            SYSTEM "cleanfs.script">
     7  <!ENTITY console            SYSTEM "console.script">
     8  <!ENTITY functions          SYSTEM "functions.script">
     9  <!ENTITY halt               SYSTEM "halt.script">
     10  <!ENTITY initfunctions      SYSTEM "init-functions.script">
     11  <!ENTITY localnet           SYSTEM "localnet.script">
     12  <!ENTITY modules            SYSTEM "modules.script">
     13  <!ENTITY mountfs            SYSTEM "mountfs.script">
     14  <!ENTITY mountvirtfs        SYSTEM "mountvirtfs.script">
     15  <!ENTITY network            SYSTEM "network.script">
     16  <!ENTITY rc                 SYSTEM "rc.script">
     17  <!ENTITY reboot             SYSTEM "reboot.script">
     18  <!ENTITY sendsignals        SYSTEM "sendsignals.script">
     19  <!ENTITY setclock           SYSTEM "setclock.script">
     20  <!ENTITY swap               SYSTEM "swap.script">
     21  <!ENTITY sysctl             SYSTEM "sysctl.script">
     22  <!ENTITY sysklogd           SYSTEM "sysklogd.script">
     23  <!ENTITY template           SYSTEM "template.script">
     24  <!ENTITY udev               SYSTEM "udev.script">
     25  <!ENTITY udev_retry         SYSTEM "udev_retry.script">
     26  <!ENTITY createfiles        SYSTEM "createfiles.script">
     27  <!ENTITY modules_sys        SYSTEM "modules-sysinit.script">
     28  <!ENTITY cfg_udev_retry     SYSTEM "config-udev-retry.script">
     29  <!ENTITY ifup               SYSTEM "ifup.script">
     30  <!ENTITY ifdown             SYSTEM "ifdown.script">
     31  <!ENTITY ipv4_static        SYSTEM "ipv4-static.script">
     32  <!ENTITY ipv4_static_route  SYSTEM "ipv4-static-route.script">
    3333  %general-entities;
    3434]>
    … …  
    5252    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc</title>
    5353
    54     <para>The <systemitem>rc</systemitem> script is the first script called by 
     54    <para>The <systemitem>rc</systemitem> script is the first script called by
    5555    <application>init</application> and initiates the boot process.</para>
    5656
    57     <screen>&rc;</screen> 
     57    <screen>&rc;</screen>
    5858  </sect1>
    5959
    6060  <sect1 id="init-functions" role="wrap">
    6161    <title>/lib/lsb/init-functions</title>
    62     <screen>&initfunctions;</screen> 
     62    <screen>&initfunctions;</screen>
    6363  </sect1>
    6464
    6565  <sect1 id="functions" role="wrap">
    6666    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</title>
    67     <screen>&functions;</screen> 
     67    <screen>&functions;</screen>
    6868  </sect1>
    6969
    7070  <sect1 id="mountvirtfs" role="wrap">
    7171    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs</title>
    72     <screen>&mountvirtfs;</screen> 
     72    <screen>&mountvirtfs;</screen>
    7373  </sect1>
    7474
    7575  <sect1 id="modules" role="wrap">
    7676    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/modules</title>
    77     <screen>&modules;</screen> 
     77    <screen>&modules;</screen>
    7878  </sect1>
    7979
    8080  <sect1 id="udev" role="wrap">
    8181    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</title>
    82     <screen>&udev;</screen> 
     82    <screen>&udev;</screen>
    8383  </sect1>
    8484
    8585  <sect1 id="swap" role="wrap">
    8686    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap</title>
    87     <screen>&swap;</screen> 
     87    <screen>&swap;</screen>
    8888  </sect1>
    8989
    9090  <sect1 id="setclock" role="wrap">
    9191    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/setclock</title>
    92     <screen>&setclock;</screen> 
     92    <screen>&setclock;</screen>
    9393  </sect1>
    9494
    9595  <sect1 id="checkfs" role="wrap">
    9696    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/checkfs</title>
    97     <screen>&checkfs;</screen> 
     97    <screen>&checkfs;</screen>
    9898  </sect1>
    9999
    100100  <sect1 id="mountfs" role="wrap">
    101101    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs</title>
    102     <screen>&mountfs;</screen> 
     102    <screen>&mountfs;</screen>
    103103  </sect1>
    104104
    105105  <sect1 id="udev_retry" role="wrap">
    106106    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</title>
    107     <screen>&udev_retry;</screen> 
     107    <screen>&udev_retry;</screen>
    108108  </sect1>
    109109
    110110  <sect1 id="cleanfs" role="wrap">
    111111    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</title>
    112     <screen>&cleanfs;</screen> 
     112    <screen>&cleanfs;</screen>
    113113  </sect1>
    114114
    115115  <sect1 id="console" role="wrap">
    116116    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/console</title>
    117     <screen>&console;</screen> 
     117    <screen>&console;</screen>
    118118  </sect1>
    119119
    120120  <sect1 id="localnet" role="wrap">
    121121    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/localnet</title>
    122     <screen>&localnet;</screen> 
     122    <screen>&localnet;</screen>
    123123  </sect1>
    124124
    125125  <sect1 id="sysctlscript" role="wrap">
    126126    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl</title>
    127     <screen>&sysctl;</screen> 
     127    <screen>&sysctl;</screen>
    128128  </sect1>
    129129
    130130  <sect1 id="sysklogd" role="wrap">
    131131    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysklogd</title>
    132     <screen>&sysklogd;</screen> 
     132    <screen>&sysklogd;</screen>
    133133  </sect1>
    134134
    135135  <sect1 id="network" role="wrap">
    136136    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/network</title>
    137     <screen>&network;</screen> 
     137    <screen>&network;</screen>
    138138  </sect1>
    139139
    140140  <sect1 id="sendsignals" role="wrap">
    141141    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendsignals</title>
    142     <screen>&sendsignals;</screen> 
     142    <screen>&sendsignals;</screen>
    143143  </sect1>
    144144
    145145  <sect1 id="rebootscript" role="wrap">
    146146    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot</title>
    147     <screen>&reboot;</screen> 
     147    <screen>&reboot;</screen>
    148148  </sect1>
    149149
    150150  <sect1 id="haltscript" role="wrap">
    151151    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt</title>
    152     <screen>&halt;</screen> 
     152    <screen>&halt;</screen>
    153153  </sect1>
    154154
    155155  <sect1 id="template" role="wrap">
    156156    <title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/template</title>
    157     <screen>&template;</screen> 
     157    <screen>&template;</screen>
    158158  </sect1>
    159159
    160160  <sect1 id="modulessys" role="wrap">
    161161    <title>/etc/sysconfig/modules</title>
    162     <screen>&modules_sys;</screen> 
     162    <screen>&modules_sys;</screen>
    163163  </sect1>
    164164
    165165  <sect1 id="createfiles" role="wrap">
    166166    <title>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</title>
    167     <screen>&createfiles;</screen> 
     167    <screen>&createfiles;</screen>
    168168  </sect1>
    169169
    170170  <sect1 id="config-udev-retry" role="wrap">
    171171    <title>/etc/sysconfig/udev-retry</title>
    172     <screen>&cfg_udev_retry;</screen> 
     172    <screen>&cfg_udev_retry;</screen>
    173173  </sect1>
    174174
    175175  <sect1 id="ifup" role="wrap">
    176176    <title>/sbin/ifup</title>
    177     <screen>&ifup;</screen> 
     177    <screen>&ifup;</screen>
    178178  </sect1>
    179179
    180180  <sect1 id="ifdown" role="wrap">
    181181    <title>/sbin/ifdown</title>
    182     <screen>&ifdown;</screen> 
     182    <screen>&ifdown;</screen>
    183183  </sect1>
    184184
    185185  <sect1 id="ipv4static" role="wrap">
    186186    <title>/lib/services/ipv4-static</title>
    187     <screen>&ipv4_static;</screen> 
     187    <screen>&ipv4_static;</screen>
    188188  </sect1>
    189189
    190190  <sect1 id="ipv4route" role="wrap">
    191191    <title>/lib/services/ipv4-static-route</title>
    192     <screen>&ipv4_static_route;</screen> 
     192    <screen>&ipv4_static_route;</screen>
    193193  </sect1>
    194194

  • appendices/udev-rules.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    33  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
    44  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
    5   <!ENTITY lfs-rules   SYSTEM "55-lfs.rules.script"> 
     5  <!ENTITY lfs-rules   SYSTEM "55-lfs.rules.script">
    66  %general-entities;
    77]>
    … …  
    1919  <sect1 id="lfsrules" role="wrap">
    2020    <title>55-lfs.rules</title>
    21     <screen>&lfs-rules;</screen> 
     21    <screen>&lfs-rules;</screen>
    2222  </sect1>
    2323

  • chapter01/changelog.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    8686      <itemizedlist>
    8787        <listitem>
    88           <para>[bdubbs] - Remove bashisms from init-functions 
     88          <para>[bdubbs] - Remove bashisms from init-functions
    8989          file in the boot scripts. </para>
    9090        </listitem>
    … …  
    141141        <listitem>
    142142          <para>[bdubbs] - Update udev-lfs init-net-rules.sh
    143           script for "en*" devices introduced in systemd-197. 
     143          script for "en*" devices introduced in systemd-197.
    144144          </para>
    145145        </listitem>
    … …  
    218218        </listitem>
    219219        <listitem>
    220           <para>[bdubbs] - Fix the location for mounting /dev/shm 
     220          <para>[bdubbs] - Fix the location for mounting /dev/shm
    221221          inside chroot.  Fixes
    222222          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3258">#3258</ulink>.</para>
    … …  
    509509        <listitem>
    510510          <para>[bdubbs] - Add notes to the gcc and binutils
    511            sections in Chapter 6 about "link time optimization" 
     511           sections in Chapter 6 about "link time optimization"
    512512           and the extra files built by gcc.  Fixes
    513513          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3200">#3200</ulink>.</para>
    … …  
    519519        <listitem>
    520520          <para>[bdubbs] - Update installed program description
    521           for several packages. Thanks to Chris Staub for the patch. 
    522           Fixes <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3203">#3203</ulink>.</para> 
     521          for several packages. Thanks to Chris Staub for the patch.
     522          Fixes <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3203">#3203</ulink>.</para>
    523523        </listitem>
    524524      </itemizedlist>
    … …  
    529529      <itemizedlist>
    530530        <listitem>
    531           <para>[bdubbs] - Remove utmpdump from sysvinit 
     531          <para>[bdubbs] - Remove utmpdump from sysvinit
    532532          because it is now installed by util-linux.  Thanks to
    533533          Chris Staub for the patch.  Fixes
    534           <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3202">#3202</ulink>.</para> 
     534          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3202">#3202</ulink>.</para>
    535535        </listitem>
    536536        <listitem>
    537537          <para>[bdubbs] - Change procps to not install the
    538538          kill program that is now installed by util-linux.  Fixes
    539           <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3201">#3201</ulink>.</para> 
     539          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3201">#3201</ulink>.</para>
    540540        </listitem>
    541541        <listitem>
    542542          <para>[bdubbs] - Update to util-linux-2.22.1.  Fixes
    543           <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3199">#3199</ulink>.</para> 
     543          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3199">#3199</ulink>.</para>
    544544        </listitem>
    545545        <listitem>
    546546          <para>[bdubbs] - Update to linux-3.6.2.  Fixes
    547           <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3198">#3198</ulink>.</para> 
     547          <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3198">#3198</ulink>.</para>
    548548        </listitem>
    549549        <listitem>
    550550          <para>[bdubbs] - Add boot/shutdown script customization
    551           instructions.</para> 
     551          instructions.</para>
    552552        </listitem>
    553553      </itemizedlist>
    … …  
    667667      <itemizedlist>
    668668        <listitem>
    669           <para>[bdubbs] - Add udevadm trigger --action=change line 
     669          <para>[bdubbs] - Add udevadm trigger --action=change line
    670670          to udev script to support initramfs better.</para>
    671671        </listitem>
    … …  
    677677      <itemizedlist>
    678678        <listitem>
    679           <para>[bdubbs] - Update grub packages and naming 
     679          <para>[bdubbs] - Update grub packages and naming
    680680          conventions example.</para>
    681681        </listitem>

  • chapter02/creatingpartition.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    7676  <title>Other Partition Issues</title>
    7777
    78   <para>Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS mailing 
     78  <para>Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS mailing
    7979  lists.  This is a highly subjective topic.  The default for most distributions
    8080  is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small swap partition.  This
    81   is not optimal for LFS for several reasons.  It reduces flexibility, makes 
     81  is not optimal for LFS for several reasons.  It reduces flexibility, makes
    8282  sharing of data across multiple distributions or LFS builds more difficult, makes
    83   backups more time consuming, and can waste disk space through inefficient 
     83  backups more time consuming, and can waste disk space through inefficient
    8484  allocation of file system structures.</para>
    8585
    8686    <sect3>
    8787    <title>The Root Partition</title>
    88    
     88
    8989    <para>A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the
    9090    <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory) of
    … …  
    9292    space to build LFS and most of BLFS, but is small enough so that multiple
    9393    partitions can be easily created for experimentation.</para> </sect3>
    94    
     94
    9595    <sect3>
    9696    <title>The Swap Partition</title>
    97    
     97
    9898    <para>Most distributions automatically create a swap partition.  Generally
    9999    the recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of
    … …  
    101101    hold the swap partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk
    102102    swapping.</para>
    103    
     103
    104104    <para>Swapping is never good.  Generally you can tell if a system is
    105105    swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how the system
    … …  
    108108    swapping becomes a normal occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more
    109109    RAM for your system.</para> </sect3>
    110    
     110
    111111    <sect3>
    112112    <title>Convenience Partitions</title>
    113    
     113
    114114    <para>There are several other partitions that are not required, but should
    115115    be considered when designing a disk layout.  The following list
    116116    is not comprehensive, but is meant as a guide.</para>
    117    
     117
    118118    <itemizedlist>
    119      
     119
    120120      <listitem><para>/boot &ndash; Highly recommended.  Use this partition to
    121121      store kernels and other booting information.  To minimize potential boot
    … …  
    123123      your first disk drive.  A partition size of 100 megabytes is quite
    124124      adequate.</para></listitem>
    125      
     125
    126126      <listitem><para>/home &ndash; Highly recommended.  Share your home
    127127      directory and user customization across multiple distributions or LFS
    128128      builds.  The size is generally fairly large and depends on available disk
    129129      space.</para></listitem>
    130      
     130
    131131      <listitem><para>/usr &ndash; A separate /usr partition is generally used
    132132      if providing a server for a thin client or diskless workstation.  It is
    133133      normally not needed for LFS.  A size of five gigabytes will handle most
    134134      installations.</para></listitem>
    135      
     135
    136136      <listitem><para>/opt &ndash; This directory is most useful for
    137137      BLFS where multiple installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can
    … …  
    139139      used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is generally adequate.</para>
    140140      </listitem>
    141      
     141
    142142      <listitem><para>/tmp &ndash; A separate /tmp directory is rare, but
    143143      useful if configuring a thin client.  This partition, if used, will
    144144      usually not need to exceed a couple of gigabytes.</para></listitem>
    145      
     145
    146146      <listitem><para>/usr/src &ndash; This partition is very
    147147      useful for providing a location to store BLFS source files and
    … …  
    149149      for building BLFS packages.  A reasonably large partition of 30-50
    150150      gigabytes allows plenty of room.</para></listitem>
    151    
     151
    152152    </itemizedlist>
    153    
     153
    154154    <para>Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot
    155155    needs to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  Details
    156156    about how to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref
    157157    linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/>.  </para>
    158    
     158
    159159    </sect3>
    160160  </sect2>

  • chapter03/introduction.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5454  <command>wget</command>. For example:</para>
    5555
    56 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>wget -i wget-list -P $LFS/sources</userinput></screen> 
     56<screen role="nodump"><userinput>wget -i wget-list -P $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
    5757
    58   <para>Additionally, starting with LFS-7.0, there is a separate file, 
     58  <para>Additionally, starting with LFS-7.0, there is a separate file,
    5959  <ulink url="../md5sums">md5sums</ulink>, can be used to verify that all
    60   the correct packages are available before proceeding.  Place that file in 
     60  the correct packages are available before proceeding.  Place that file in
    6161  <filename class="directory">$LFS/sources</filename> and run:</para>
    6262
    6363<screen role="nodump"><userinput>pushd $LFS/sources
    6464md5sum -c md5sums
    65 popd</userinput></screen> 
     65popd</userinput></screen>
    6666
    6767</sect1>

  • chapter05/adjusting.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3737$LFS_TGT-gcc -dumpspecs | sed \
    3838  -e 's@/lib\(64\)\?/ld@/tools&amp;@g' \
    39   -e "/^\*cpp:$/{n;s,$, -isystem /tools/include,}" &gt; $SPECS 
     39  -e "/^\*cpp:$/{n;s,$, -isystem /tools/include,}" &gt; $SPECS
    4040echo "New specs file is: $SPECS"
    4141unset SPECS</userinput></screen>

  • chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    4444    <title>Installation of Cross Binutils</title>
    4545
    46     <note><para>Go back and re-read the notes in the previous section. 
     46    <note><para>Go back and re-read the notes in the previous section.
    4747    Understanding the notes labeled important will save you a lot
    4848    of problems later.</para></note>
    … …  
    127127        </listitem>
    128128      </varlistentry>
    129        
     129
    130130      <varlistentry>
    131131        <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>

  • chapter05/check.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5555<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
    5656
    57     <para>Note that the Check test suite may take a relatively long 
     57    <para>Note that the Check test suite may take a relatively long
    5858    (up to 4 SBU) time.</para>
    5959

  • chapter05/e2fsprogs.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    8181<screen><userinput remap="install">make install-libs</userinput></screen>
    8282
    83     <para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can 
     83    <para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
    8484    be removed later:</para>
    8585

  • chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    6363    omit this flag by default, and the goal should be to produce a compiler
    6464    that is exactly the same as if it were bootstrapped.  Apply the following
    65     <command>sed</command> command to force the build to use the flag:</para> 
     65    <command>sed</command> command to force the build to use the flag:</para>
    6666
    6767<screen><userinput remap="pre">cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
    … …  
    190190          flawlessly. This also implies that it was compiled correctly.
    191191          However, the LFS build method should provide a solid compiler
    192           without the need to bootstrap each time.</para> 
     192          without the need to bootstrap each time.</para>
    193193        </listitem>
    194194      </varlistentry>

  • chapter05/generalinstructions.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1111  <title>General Compilation Instructions</title>
    1212
    13   <para>When building packages there are several assumptions made within 
     13  <para>When building packages there are several assumptions made within
    1414  the instructions:</para>
    1515
    … …  
    5656      linkend='pre-hostreqs'/>, including symbolic links, have been set
    5757      properly:</para>
    58      
     58
    5959      <itemizedlist role='important'>
    6060
    6161        <listitem override='bullet'><para><command>bash</command> is the shell
    6262        in use.</para></listitem>
    63        
     63
    6464        <listitem override='bullet'><para><command>sh</command> is a symbolic
    6565        link to <command>bash</command>.</para></listitem>
    … …  
    9494            <listitem>
    9595              <para>Using the <command>tar</command> program, extract the package
    96               to be built.  In Chapter 5, ensure you are the <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> 
     96              to be built.  In Chapter 5, ensure you are the <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>
    9797              user when extracting the package.</para>
    9898            </listitem>

  • chapter05/glibc.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    4848    and install if they are not:</para>
    4949
    50 <screen><userinput remap="pre">if [ ! -r /usr/include/rpc/types.h ]; then 
     50<screen><userinput remap="pre">if [ ! -r /usr/include/rpc/types.h ]; then
    5151  su -c 'mkdir -p /usr/include/rpc'
    5252  su -c 'cp -v sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc'

  • chapter05/linux-headers.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5656    <para>Now test and extract the user-visible kernel headers from the source.
    5757    They are placed in an intermediate local directory and copied to the needed
    58     location because the extraction process removes any existing files in 
     58    location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
    5959    the target directory.</para>
    6060

  • chapter06/coreutils.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    152152        mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
    153153        printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
    154         sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,       
     154        sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
    155155        sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
    156156        timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,

  • chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2626    <para>The E2fsprogs package contains the utilities for handling the
    2727    <systemitem class="filesystem">ext2</systemitem> file system. It also
    28     supports the <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> and 
     28    supports the <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> and
    2929    <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem> journaling
    3030    file systems.</para>
    … …  
    130130<screen><userinput remap="install">make install-libs</userinput></screen>
    131131
    132     <para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can 
     132    <para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
    133133    be removed later:</para>
    134134
    … …  
    297297        <term><command>e2undo</command></term>
    298298        <listitem>
    299           <para>Replays the undo log undo_log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem 
    300           found on a device. This can be used to undo a failed operation by an 
     299          <para>Replays the undo log undo_log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
     300          found on a device. This can be used to undo a failed operation by an
    301301          e2fsprogs program.</para>
    302302          <indexterm zone="ch-system-e2fsprogs e2undo">
    … …  
    363363        <listitem>
    364364          <para>By default checks <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem>
    365           development file systems. This is a hard link to 
     365          development file systems. This is a hard link to
    366366          <command>e2fsck</command>.</para>
    367367          <indexterm zone="ch-system-e2fsprogs fsck.ext4dev">

  • chapter06/flex.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    123123        <term><command>flex++</command></term>
    124124        <listitem>
    125           <para>An extension of flex, is used for generating C++ code 
     125          <para>An extension of flex, is used for generating C++ code
    126126          and classes. It is a symbolic link to <command>flex</command></para>
    127127          <indexterm zone="ch-system-flex flexpp">

  • chapter06/gcc.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5252    <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
    5353    <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
    54     consistent compiler builds:</para> 
     54    consistent compiler builds:</para>
    5555
    5656<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
    … …  
    102102      <command>gcc</command> to do do "link time optimization" if specified.  No
    103103      packages in LFS or BLFS currently use this capability.</para>
    104    
     104
    105105      <para>To use this feature, it must also be enabled in
    106       <application>binutils</application>.</para> 
     106      <application>binutils</application>.</para>
    107107    </note>
    108108
    … …  
    312312
    313313      <seglistitem>
    314         <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, 
     314        <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
    315315        gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
    316316
    … …  
    319319        libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
    320320        libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so} and libsupc++.a</seg>
    321        
     321
    322322        <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
    323323      </seglistitem>

  • chapter06/glibc.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    116116      <listitem>
    117117        <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
    118         <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, 
    119         <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and 
     118        <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
     119        <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
    120120        <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
    121121        tests have been known to fail.  The
    … …  
    129129        authentic AMD processor.</para>
    130130      </listitem>
    131      
     131
    132132      <listitem>
    133133        <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
    134134        load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
    135         Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to 
     135        Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
    136136        help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
    137137        make -k check</command>).</para>
    138138      </listitem>
    139      
     139
    140140      <listitem>
    141         <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32, 
     141        <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
    142142        misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
    143143      </listitem>
    144    
     144
    145145    </itemizedlist>
    146146
    … …  
    156156
    157157    <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
    158     default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS 
     158    default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
    159159    packages:</para>
    160160
    … …  
    260260
    261261ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
    262 mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right} 
     262mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
    263263
    264264for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
    265265          asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 \
    266266          systemv; do
    267     zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} 
    268     zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} 
     267    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
     268    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
    269269    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
    270270done
    … …  
    386386
    387387  <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
    388   include the contents of files found there.  Generally the files in 
     388  include the contents of files found there.  Generally the files in
    389389  this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
    390390  To add this capability run the following commands:</para>

  • chapter06/grub.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    6868<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
    6969
    70   <para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in 
     70  <para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in
    7171  <xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/>.</para>
    7272
    … …  
    8181
    8282      <seglistitem>
    83        
     83
    8484       <seg>                      grub-bios-setup, grub-editenv,     grub-fstest,
    8585            grub-install,         grub-kbdcomp,    grub-menulst2cfg, grub-mkconfig,

  • chapter06/iproute2.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    143143        <term><command>ifcfg</command></term>
    144144        <listitem>
    145           <para>A shell script wrapper for the <command>ip</command> command. 
    146           Note that it requires the <command>arping</command> and 
    147           <command>rdisk</command> programs from the 
     145          <para>A shell script wrapper for the <command>ip</command> command.
     146          Note that it requires the <command>arping</command> and
     147          <command>rdisk</command> programs from the
    148148          iputils package found at <ulink url="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/"/>.</para>
    149149          <indexterm zone="ch-system-iproute2 ifcfg">

  • chapter06/kbd.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    125125
    126126      <seglistitem>
    127         <seg>chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes, kbdinfo, 
     127        <seg>chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes, kbdinfo,
    128128        kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap,
    129129        mapscrn, openvt, psfaddtable (link to psfxtable), psfgettable (link to

  • chapter06/kernfs.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    7373mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
    7474
    75       <para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a 
     75      <para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
    7676      symbolic link to <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>.
    7777      Inside a chroot environment, this temporary file system needs

  • chapter06/linux-headers.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5555    <para>Now test and extract the user-visible kernel headers from the source.
    5656    They are placed in an intermediate local directory and copied to the needed
    57     location because the extraction process removes any existing files in 
     57    location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
    5858    the target directory.  There are also some hidden files used by
    5959    the kernel developers and not needed by LFS that are removed from
    … …  
    9898          </indexterm>
    9999        </listitem>
    100       </varlistentry> 
     100      </varlistentry>
    101101
    102102      <varlistentry id="asm-generic">
    … …  
    108108          </indexterm>
    109109        </listitem>
    110       </varlistentry> 
     110      </varlistentry>
    111111
    112112      <varlistentry id="drm">
    … …  
    118118          </indexterm>
    119119        </listitem>
    120       </varlistentry> 
     120      </varlistentry>
    121121
    122122      <varlistentry id="linux">
    … …  
    128128          </indexterm>
    129129        </listitem>
    130       </varlistentry> 
     130      </varlistentry>
    131131
    132132      <varlistentry id="mtd">
    … …  
    138138          </indexterm>
    139139        </listitem>
    140       </varlistentry> 
     140      </varlistentry>
    141141
    142142      <varlistentry id="rdma">
    … …  
    148148          </indexterm>
    149149        </listitem>
    150       </varlistentry> 
     150      </varlistentry>
    151151
    152152      <varlistentry id="scsi">
    … …  
    158158          </indexterm>
    159159        </listitem>
    160       </varlistentry> 
     160      </varlistentry>
    161161
    162162      <varlistentry id="sound">
    … …  
    168168          </indexterm>
    169169        </listitem>
    170       </varlistentry> 
     170      </varlistentry>
    171171
    172172      <varlistentry id="video">
    … …  
    178178          </indexterm>
    179179        </listitem>
    180       </varlistentry> 
     180      </varlistentry>
    181181
    182182      <varlistentry id="xen">
    … …  
    188188          </indexterm>
    189189        </listitem>
    190       </varlistentry> 
     190      </varlistentry>
    191191
    192192    </variablelist>

  • chapter06/ncurses.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    117117    wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts:</para>
    118118
    119 <screen><userinput remap="install">for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do 
    120     rm -vf                    /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so 
     119<screen><userinput remap="install">for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
     120    rm -vf                    /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    121121    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" &gt; /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
    122122    ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a      /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a
    … …  
    145145      libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would
    146146      link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because
    147       of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build 
     147      of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build
    148148      the package again with the following commands:</para>
    149149

  • chapter06/perl.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    223223        <term><command>cpanp-run-perl</command></term>
    224224        <listitem>
    225           <para>Perl script that is used to enable flushing of the output 
     225          <para>Perl script that is used to enable flushing of the output
    226226          buffer after each write in spawned processes</para>
    227227          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl cpanp-run-perl">

  • chapter06/pkgconfig.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5656        <term><parameter>--with-internal-glib</parameter></term>
    5757        <listitem>
    58           <para>This will allow pkg-config to use it's internal version of 
     58          <para>This will allow pkg-config to use it's internal version of
    5959          glib because an external version is not available in LFS.</para>
    6060        </listitem>

  • chapter06/pkgmgt.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    228228      complex and is beyond the scope of LFS.</para>
    229229
    230       <para>Slackware uses a <command>tar</command> based system for package 
     230      <para>Slackware uses a <command>tar</command> based system for package
    231231      archives.  This system purposely does not handle package dependencies
    232232      as more complex package managers do.  For details of Slackware package
    … …  
    260260    that file via network transfer or CD-ROM to the new system and expanding
    261261    it.  From that point, a few configuration files will have to be changed.
    262     Configuration files that may need to be updated include: 
     262    Configuration files that may need to be updated include:
    263263    <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>,
    264264    <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>,
    … …  
    269269    <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>,
    270270    <filename>/etc/sysconfig/network</filename>, and
    271     <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename>.   
     271    <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename>.
    272272    </para>
    273273

  • chapter06/popt.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2424    <title/>
    2525
    26     <para>The Popt package contains a library used by some programs 
     26    <para>The Popt package contains a library used by some programs
    2727    to parse command-line options.</para>
    2828

  • chapter06/procps.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5858        <listitem>
    5959          <para>This switch disables the obsolete and unportable
    60           skill and snice commands.</para> 
     60          skill and snice commands.</para>
    6161        </listitem>
    6262      </varlistentry>
    … …  
    6969      </varlistentry>
    7070    </variablelist>
    71  
     71
    7272    <para>Compile the package:</para>
    7373
    7474<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
    7575
    76     <para>The test suite needs some custom modifications for LFS. 
     76    <para>The test suite needs some custom modifications for LFS.
    7777    The <command>which</command> is not available and the
    78     <command>pmap</command> test does not match a newline character in 
     78    <command>pmap</command> test does not match a newline character in
    7979    two tests. To run the test suite, run the following commands:</para>
    8080
    … …  
    8282  sed -i 's|exec which sleep|exec echo /tools/bin/sleep|' config/unix.exp
    8383  sed -i 's|pmap_initname\\\$|pmap_initname|'             pmap.test/pmap.exp
    84   make site.exp 
     84  make site.exp
    8585  DEJAGNU=global-conf.exp runtest
    8686popd</userinput></screen>
    87                            
     87
    8888    <para>Install the package:</para>
    8989
    … …  
    9393<filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is not mounted.</para>
    9494
    95 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib 
     95<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib
    9696ln -sfv ../../lib/libprocps.so.1.1.0 /usr/lib/libprocps.so</userinput></screen>
    9797
    … …  
    106106
    107107      <seglistitem>
    108         <seg>free, pgrep, pkill, pmap, ps, pwdx, slabtop, 
     108        <seg>free, pgrep, pkill, pmap, ps, pwdx, slabtop,
    109109        sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w, and, watch</seg>
    110110        <seg>libprocps.so</seg>

  • chapter06/psmisc.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5656<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
    5757
    58     <para>Finally, move the <command>killall</command> and <command>fuser</command> 
     58    <para>Finally, move the <command>killall</command> and <command>fuser</command>
    5959    programs to the location specified by the FHS:</para>
    6060

  • chapter06/systemd.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2626    <para>The Udev package contains programs for dynamic creation of device
    2727    nodes.  The development of udev has been merged with systemd, but
    28     most of systemd is incompatible with LFS.  Here we build and install just 
     28    most of systemd is incompatible with LFS.  Here we build and install just
    2929    the needed udev files.</para>
    3030
    … …  
    4545    <note><para>This package is a little different from other packages.  The
    4646    initial package that is extracted is
    47     <filename>systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</filename> even though the 
    48     application we are installing is udev. After changing to the 
     47    <filename>systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</filename> even though the
     48    application we are installing is udev. After changing to the
    4949    systemd directory, follow the instructions below.</para></note>
    5050
    … …  
    9494        <seg>accelerometer, ata_id, cdrom_id, collect, mtd_probe,
    9595         scsi_id, v4l_id, udevadm, and udevd</seg>
    96        
     96
    9797        <seg>libudev.so</seg>
    98        
     98
    9999        <seg>/etc/udev, /lib/udev, /lib/firmware, /usr/share/doc/udev</seg>
    100100      </seglistitem>

  • chapter06/sysvinit.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    6161
    6262<screen><userinput remap="make">sed -i -e '/utmpdump/d' \
    63        -e '/mountpoint/d' src/Makefile</userinput></screen> 
     63       -e '/mountpoint/d' src/Makefile</userinput></screen>
    6464
    6565    <para>Compile the package:</para>
    … …  
    8282
    8383      <seglistitem>
    84         <seg>bootlogd, fstab-decode, halt, init, killall5, last, 
     84        <seg>bootlogd, fstab-decode, halt, init, killall5, last,
    8585        lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to killall5),
    8686        poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown,

  • chapter06/util-linux.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    113113
    114114        <seg>libblkid.{a,so}, libmount.{a,so}, libuuid.{a,so}</seg>
    115        
     115
    116116        <seg>/usr/include/blkid, /usr/include/libmount, /usr/include/uuid,
    117117        /usr/share/getopt, /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
    … …  
    344344        <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
    345345        <listitem>
    346           <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library 
     346          <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
    347347          for work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
    348348          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
    … …  
    398398        <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
    399399        <listitem>
    400           <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl 
     400          <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
    401401          kernel driver operations</para>
    402402          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">

  • chapter07/bootscripts.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5959        sendsignals, setclock, static, swap, sysctl, sysklogd, template,
    6060        udev, and udev_retry</seg>
    61         <seg>/etc/rc.d, /etc/init.d (symbolic link), /etc/sysconfig, 
     61        <seg>/etc/rc.d, /etc/init.d (symbolic link), /etc/sysconfig,
    6262        /lib/services, /lib/lsb (symbolic link)</seg>
    6363      </seglistitem>

  • chapter07/console.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2020  level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British pound
    2121  sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, much
    22   of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or 
     22  of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or
    2323  equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the
    2424  <command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing.</para>
    … …  
    7979        map to load. E.g., in order to load the <quote>lat1-16</quote> font
    8080        together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> application character map
    81         (as it is appropriate in the USA), 
     81        (as it is appropriate in the USA),
    8282        <!-- because of the copyright sign -->
    8383        set this variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>.

  • chapter07/introduction.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1111  <title>Introduction</title>
    1212
    13   <para>This chapter discusses configuration files and boot scripts. 
    14   First, the general configuration files needed to set up networking are 
     13  <para>This chapter discusses configuration files and boot scripts.
     14  First, the general configuration files needed to set up networking are
    1515  presented.</para>
    16  
     16
    1717  <itemizedlist>
    1818     <listitem>
    … …  
    2323     </listitem>
    2424  </itemizedlist>
    25  
     25
    2626  <para>Second, issues that affect the proper setup of devices diescussed.</para>
    2727
    … …  
    3939  without modification, but a few require additional configuration files
    4040  because they deal with hardware-dependent information.</para>
    41  
     41
    4242  <para>System-V style init scripts are employed in this book because they are
    4343  widely used and relatively simple. For additional options, a hint detailing
    … …  
    4646  <quote>depinit</quote>, <quote>upstart</quote>, or <quote>systemd</quote>
    4747  will also offer additional information.</para>
    48  
     48
    4949  <para>If using an alternative style of init scripts, skip these sections.</para>
    5050
    … …  
    7373     </listitem>
    7474  </itemizedlist>
    75  
    76  
     75
     76
    7777  <para>Finally, there is a brief introduction to the scripts and configuration
    7878  files used when the user logs into the system.</para>

  • chapter07/network.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3131    configured, this section is optional, although it will never be wrong to do
    3232    it.  In many cases (e.g. a laptop with a wireless and a wired interface),
    33     accomplishing the configuration in this section is necessary.</para> 
     33    accomplishing the configuration in this section is necessary.</para>
    3434
    3535    <para>With Udev and modular network drivers, the network interface numbering
    … …  
    5252    <note><para>In some cases such as when MAC addresess have been assigned to
    5353    a network card manually or in a virtual environment such as Xen,
    54     the network rules file may not have been generated because addresses 
     54    the network rules file may not have been generated because addresses
    5555    are not consistently assigned.  In these cases, just continue to
    5656    the next section.</para></note>
    … …  
    126126    meaningful to the administrator such as the device name (e.g. eth0).
    127127    Inside this file are attributes to this interface, such as its IP
    128     address(es), subnet masks, and so forth.  It is necessary that 
     128    address(es), subnet masks, and so forth.  It is necessary that
    129129    the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>.</para>
    130130
    … …  
    154154
    155155    <para>The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name,
    156     for example, eth0.  It is required for all network device configuration 
     156    for example, eth0.  It is required for all network device configuration
    157157    files. </para>
    158158

  • chapter07/profile.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    156156  you will never need 8-bit characters.</para>
    157157
    158   <para>UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by many programs. 
     158  <para>UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by many programs.
    159159  Work is in progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems, see
    160160  <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/introduction/locale-issues.html"/>.</para>

  • chapter07/setclock.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5252UTC=1
    5353
    54 # Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock, 
     54# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
    5555# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
    5656CLOCKPARAMS=

  • chapter07/site.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2525  precedence. </para>
    2626
    27   <para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can 
     27  <para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can
    2828  customize other aspects of the boot process.  Setting the IPROMPT variable
    2929  will enable selective running of bootscripts.  Other options are described
    … …  
    7171    force all file systems to be checked by creating
    7272    <filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with
    73     the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>. 
     73    the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>.
    7474    </para>
    75    
     75
    7676    <para>Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command>
    77     during the boot process until it is removed.  This is not recommended 
     77    during the boot process until it is removed.  This is not recommended
    7878    on a permanent basis.</para></listitem>
    7979

  • chapter07/udev.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    8989      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace
    9090      processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device
    91       nodes).</para> 
     91      nodes).</para>
    9292
    9393    </sect3>
    … …  
    134134      class="directory">/lib/udev/devices</filename> also provides an easy
    135135      workaround for devices that are not supported by the dynamic device
    136       handling infrastructure.</para> 
     136      handling infrastructure.</para>
    137137
    138138      <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> initscript starts
    … …  
    143143      longer needs to call out to an external binary.  Instead
    144144      <command>udevd</command> will listen on a netlink socket for uevents that
    145       the kernel raises.</para> 
     145      the kernel raises.</para>
    146146
    147147      <para>The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes

  • chapter07/usage.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    5151
    5252  <para>During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run
    53   is either specified on the command line or, by default 
     53  is either specified on the command line or, by default
    5454  <command>init</command>.  This program reads the initialization file
    5555  <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>.  Create this file with:</para>

  • chapter08/fstab.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    104104  <option>barrier=1</option> mount option to the appropriate entry in
    105105  <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  To check if the disk drive supports
    106   this option, run 
     106  this option, run
    107107  <ulink url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/cvs/general/hdparm.html">hdparm</ulink>
    108108  on the applicable disk drive.  For example, if:</para>

  • chapter08/grub.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    4848    is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
    4949    number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition number
    50     starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions. 
    51     Note that this is different from earlier versions where 
     50    starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions.
     51    Note that this is different from earlier versions where
    5252    both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename
    5353    class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to
    … …  
    6464    <title>Setting Up the Configuration</title>
    6565
    66     <para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the 
     66    <para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the
    6767    hard disk.  This area is not part of any file system.  The programs
    6868    there access GRUB modules in the boot partition.  The default location
    … …  
    9191
    9292    <para>Install the GRUB files into <filename
    93     class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para> 
     93    class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para>
    9494
    9595    <warning>
    9696      <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not
    9797      run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party
    98       boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para> 
     98      boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para>
    9999    </warning>
    100100
    … …  
    102102
    103103<!-- This does not seem to be true any more
    104     <note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another 
    105     program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'". 
     104    <note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another
     105    program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'".
    106106    If so, create a temporary symbolic link from your root partition to /dev/root:</para>
    107107
    … …  
    137137    <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line.  You will also need to change the
    138138    <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot partition.
    139     </para></note> 
     139    </para></note>
    140140
    141141    <para>GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
    142142    number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating
    143     systems, and partition types.  There are also many options for customization 
     143    systems, and partition types.  There are also many options for customization
    144144    such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc.  The
    145145    details of these options are beyond the scope of this introduction.</para>
    … …  
    148148    can write a configuration file automatically.  It uses a set of scripts in
    149149    /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.  These scripts
    150     are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for 
    151     LFS.  If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance 
    152     that this program will be run.  Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution> 
     150    are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for
     151    LFS.  If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance
     152    that this program will be run.  Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution>
    153153
    154154   </sect2>

  • chapter08/kernel.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    6666    <note><para>Due to recent changes in <application>udev</application>, be sure to
    6767    select:</para>
    68    
     68
    6969    <screen role="nodump">Device Drivers  ---&gt;
    7070  Generic Driver Options  ---&gt;
    … …  
    135135    It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API,
    136136    as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running
    137     kernel.  It is used as a resource when investigating kernel problems. 
     137    kernel.  It is used as a resource when investigating kernel problems.
    138138    Issue the following command to install the map file:</para>
    139139
    … …  
    229229
    230230      <seglistitem>
    231         <seg>config-&linux-version;, 
     231        <seg>config-&linux-version;,
    232232        vmlinux-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;-&linux-version;, and
    233233        System.map-&linux-version;</seg>

  • chapter09/reboot.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1818  environment, you can leave yourself in a much better position to continue on
    1919  once you reboot into your new LFS installation. Here are some suggestions:</para>
    20  
     20
    2121  <itemizedlist>
    2222
    … …  
    5050    </para></listitem>
    5151
    52     <listitem><para>To make fetching files over the internet easier, install 
     52    <listitem><para>To make fetching files over the internet easier, install
    5353    <ulink url='&blfs-root;/view/svn/basicnet/wget.html'>wget</ulink>.
    5454    </para></listitem>
    … …  
    6060    </para></listitem>
    6161
    62     <listitem><para>Finally, a review of the following configuration files 
     62    <listitem><para>Finally, a review of the following configuration files
    6363    is also appropriate at this point.  </para>
    6464
    … …  
    8989<screen><userinput>umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
    9090
    91 if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then 
     91if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
    9292  link=$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
    9393  umount -v $LFS/$link
    … …  
    9595else
    9696  umount -v $LFS/dev/shm
    97 fi 
     97fi
    9898
    9999umount -v $LFS/dev

  • chapter09/theend.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3535DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
    3636EOF</userinput></screen>
    37  
     37
    3838  <para>Be sure to put some sort of customization for the field
    3939  'DISTRIB_CODENAME' to make the system uniquely yours.</para>

  • general.ent

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1 <!ENTITY version "SVN-20130130">
    2 <!ENTITY releasedate "January 30, 2013">
     1<!ENTITY version "SVN-20130211">
     2<!ENTITY releasedate "February 11, 2013">
    33<!ENTITY copyrightdate "1999-2013"><!-- jhalfs needs a literal dash, not &ndash; -->
    44<!ENTITY milestone "7.3">

  • prologue/architecture.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    2626were measured:</para>
    2727
    28 <screen><computeroutput>Architecture Build Time     Build Size 
    29 32-bit       198.5 minutes  648 MB 
     28<screen><computeroutput>Architecture Build Time     Build Size
     2932-bit       198.5 minutes  648 MB
    303064-bit       190.6 minutes  709 MB</computeroutput></screen>
    3131

  • prologue/bookinfo.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    3434
    3535    <para>This book is licensed under a <xref linkend="CC"/>.</para>
    36     <para>Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the 
     36    <para>Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the
    3737          <xref linkend="MIT"/>.</para>
    3838

  • prologue/foreword.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1414back in 1998. I had just installed my first Linux distribution and had
    1515quickly become intrigued with the whole concept and philosophy behind
    16 Linux.</para> 
     16Linux.</para>
    1717
    1818<para>There are always many ways to accomplish a single task. The same can be

  • prologue/hostreqs.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    158158bison --version | head -n1
    159159if [ -e /usr/bin/yacc ];
    160   then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`"; 
     160  then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
    161161  else echo "yacc not found"; fi
    162162
    … …  
    167167gawk --version | head -n1
    168168if [ -e /usr/bin/awk ];
    169   then echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`"; 
     169  then echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
    170170  else echo "awk not found"; fi
    171171
    … …  
    185185
    186186echo 'main(){}' &gt; dummy.c &amp;&amp; gcc -o dummy dummy.c
    187 if [ -x dummy ] 
     187if [ -x dummy ]
    188188  then echo "gcc compilation OK";
    189189  else echo "gcc compilation failed"; fi

  • prologue/standards.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1414    <title/> -->
    1515
    16      <para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as 
     16     <para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as
    1717     possible.  The primary standards are:</para>
    1818
    1919    <itemizedlist>
    2020      <listitem>
    21         <para><ulink url="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/"> 
     21        <para><ulink url="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/">
    2222        POSIX.1-2008</ulink>.</para>
    2323      </listitem>
    2424      <listitem>
    25         <para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem 
     25        <para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem
    2626        Hierarchy Standard (FHS)</ulink></para>
    2727
    2828      </listitem>
    2929      <listitem>
    30         <para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux 
     30        <para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux
    3131        Standard Base (LSB) Core Specification 4.0</ulink></para>
    3232
    … …  
    4949    certifications tests is possible, but not without many additional packages
    5050    that are beyond the scope of LFS.  These additional packages have
    51     installation instructions in BLFS. </para> 
     51    installation instructions in BLFS. </para>
    5252
    5353    <variablelist>
    … …  
    103103    </variablelist>
    104104
    105     <variablelist> 
     105    <variablelist>
    106106      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages supplied by BLFS needed to
    107107          satisfy the LSB Requirements</bridgehead>
    108108      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
    109       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> 
     109      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
    110110
    111111      <varlistentry>
    112112        <term><emphasis>LSB Core:</emphasis></term>
    113113        <listitem>
    114           <para>At, Batch (a part of At), Bc, Cpio, Ed, Fcrontab, Initd-tools, 
     114          <para>At, Batch (a part of At), Bc, Cpio, Ed, Fcrontab, Initd-tools,
    115115          Lsb_release, PAM, Sendmail (or Postfix or Exim) </para>
    116116        </listitem>
    … …  
    156156    </variablelist>
    157157
    158     <variablelist> 
    159       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages not supplied by LFS or BLFS 
     158    <variablelist>
     159      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages not supplied by LFS or BLFS
    160160      needed to satisfy the LSB Requirements</bridgehead>
    161161      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
    162       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> 
     162      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
    163163
    164164      <varlistentry>

  • prologue/why.xml

    rc0220ed r2ca8941  
    1111  <title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
    1212
    13     <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable 
    14     foundation-level system.  This includes all packages needed to replicate 
     13    <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
     14    foundation-level system.  This includes all packages needed to replicate
    1515    itself while providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
    1616    a more complete system based on the choices of the user.  This does not
    … …  
    5050        <para>Binutils</para>
    5151
    52         <para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other 
     52        <para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
    5353        tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
    5454        needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system and beyond.</para>
    … …  
    6565        <para>Bzip2</para>
    6666
    67         <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing 
     67        <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
    6868        files.  It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
    6969      </listitem>
    … …  
    7979        <para>Coreutils</para>
    8080
    81         <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing 
     81        <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
    8282        and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
    8383        command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
    … …  
    9595        <para>Diffutils</para>
    9696
    97         <para>This package contains programs that show the differences 
     97        <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
    9898        between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
    9999        patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
    … …  
    103103        <para>Expect</para>
    104104
    105         <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted 
     105        <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
    106106        dialogues with other interactive programs.  It is commonly used
    107         for testing other packages.  It is only installed in the temporary 
     107        for testing other packages.  It is only installed in the temporary
    108108        toolchain.</para>
    109109      </listitem>
    … …  
    120120        <para>File</para>
    121121
    122         <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a 
     122        <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
    123123        given file or files. A few packages need it to build.</para>
    124124      </listitem>
    … …  
    134134        <para>Flex</para>
    135135
    136         <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that 
    137         recognize patterns in text.  It is the GNU version of the lex 
    138         (lexical analyzer) program.  It is required to build several 
     136        <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
     137        recognize patterns in text.  It is the GNU version of the lex
     138        (lexical analyzer) program.  It is required to build several
    139139        LFS packages.</para>
    140140      </listitem>
    … …  
    151151        <para>Gcc</para>
    152152
    153         <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection.  It contains the 
    154         C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS. 
     153        <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection.  It contains the
     154        C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
    155155        </para>
    156156      </listitem>
    … …  
    166166        <para>Gettext</para>
    167167
    168         <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for 
     168        <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
    169169        internationalization and localization of numerous packages.</para>
    170170      </listitem>
    … …  
    201201        <para>GRUB</para>
    202202
    203         <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader.  It is one 
     203        <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader.  It is one
    204204        of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
    205205        </para>
    … …  
    209209        <para>Gzip</para>
    210210
    211         <para>This package contains programs for compressing and 
     211        <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
    212212        decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages in LFS
    213213        and beyond.</para>
    … …  
    224224        <para>Inetutils</para>
    225225
    226         <para>This package contains programs for basic network 
     226        <para>This package contains programs for basic network
    227227        administration.</para>
    228228      </listitem>
    … …  
    261261        <para>Libtool</para>
    262262
    263         <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support 
    264         script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a 
     263        <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
     264        script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
    265265        consistent, portable interface.  It is needed by the test
    266266        suites in other LFS packages.</para>
    … …  
    314314        <para>MPFR</para>
    315315
    316         <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision 
     316        <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
    317317        arithmetic.  It is required by Gcc.</para>
    318318      </listitem>
    … …  
    321321        <para>Ncurses</para>
    322322
    323         <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent 
    324         handling of character screens.  It is often used to provide 
     323        <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
     324        handling of character screens.  It is often used to provide
    325325        cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
    326326        packages in LFS.</para>
    … …  
    331331
    332332        <para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
    333         applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created 
     333        applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
    334334        by the <application>diff</application> program.  It is needed by
    335335        the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
    … …  
    356356        <para>Pkg-config</para>
    357357
    358         <para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an 
     358        <para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an
    359359        installed library or package.</para>
    360360      </listitem>
    … …  
    378378        <para>Psmisc</para>
    379379
    380         <para>This package contains programs for displaying information 
     380        <para>This package contains programs for displaying information
    381381        about running processes. These programs are useful for system
    382382        administration.</para>
    … …  
    386386        <para>Readline</para>
    387387
    388         <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line 
     388        <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
    389389        editing and history capabilities.  It is used by Bash.</para>
    390390      </listitem>
    … …  
    393393        <para>Sed</para>
    394394
    395         <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a 
    396         text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure 
     395        <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
     396        text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
    397397        scripts.</para>
    398398      </listitem>
    … …  
    401401        <para>Shadow</para>
    402402
    403         <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords 
     403        <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
    404404        in a secure way.</para>
    405405      </listitem>
    … …  
    408408        <para>Sysklogd</para>
    409409
    410         <para>This package contains programs for logging system messages, 
    411         such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual 
     410        <para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
     411        such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
    412412        events occur.</para>
    413413      </listitem>
    … …  
    432432
    433433        <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
    434         in many test suites in LFS packages.  It is only installed in 
     434        in many test suites in LFS packages.  It is only installed in
    435435        the temporary toolchain.</para>
    436436      </listitem>
    … …  
    439439        <para>Texinfo</para>
    440440
    441         <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and 
    442         converting info pages.  It is used in the installation 
     441        <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
     442        converting info pages.  It is used in the installation
    443443        procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
    444444      </listitem>
    … …  
    447447        <para>Udev</para>
    448448
    449         <para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of 
     449        <para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of
    450450        device nodes.  It is an alternative to creating thousands of
    451451        static devices in the /dev directory.</para>
    … …  
    455455        <para>Util-linux</para>
    456456
    457         <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs. 
    458         Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, 
     457        <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
     458        Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
    459459        partitions, and messages.</para>
    460460      </listitem>
    … …  
    472472        <para>XZ Utils</para>
    473473
    474         <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing 
     474        <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
    475475        files.  It provides the highest compression generally available
    476476        and is useful for decompressing packages XZ or LZMA format.</para>
    … …  
    480480        <para>Zlib</para>
    481481
    482         <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines 
     482        <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
    483483        used by some programs.</para>
    484484      </listitem>
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